Between the Ancient Chinese Central Plains Dynasty and the nomads is a history of love and killing. Because the living environment of the nomads is very harsh, they have always coveted the fertile land of the Central Plains; the Central Plains Dynasty has launched many large-scale military operations with the nomads in order to protect their land.
And once the Central Plains Dynasty weakened, the northern nomads would inevitably go south to seize this opportunity to seize the land of the Central Plains Dynasty;
At the time of the Chu-Han war, the Xiongnu Mao Dun Shan Yu took the opportunity to seize the Hetao area and wanted to further develop, but in the end Liu Bang won, and Mo Dun Shan Yu saw that there was no chance.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the world was in chaos, the Xiongnu in the north, Xianbei and other tribes invaded one after another, because the Central Plains Dynasty went through more than ten years of the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings", the military power was almost destroyed, so in the face of the nomadic iron horse only trembling.
Another time was when the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were in chaos, and the situation of warlord divisions since the Anshi Rebellion lasted for more than a hundred years, which greatly depleted the living forces of the Central Plains Dynasty and therefore could not take care of the northern nomads, and the Khitan tribes took advantage of the rise.
In China's famous chaotic world, the Three Kingdoms era was also a good opportunity for the nomads, from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, they successively experienced the "Yellow Turban Uprising" and "Warlord Division" and finally formed the situation of "Three Kingdoms Standing".
However, from beginning to end, the nomads have never been able to break into the heart of the position, and both Wei Shu and Wu have always firmly suppressed a small number of forces everywhere, so why can't the nomads of that year not attack at all?
The disintegration of the differentiation of foreign races became a more common means for the three parties of Wei Shu and Wu
During the Three Kingdoms period, the most difficult to defend the border should be Cao Wei, his Youzhou and Hezhou areas to guard the Xiongnu, and Liangzhou, Yongzhou and the area is the territory of the Qiang, of which the Qiang rebellion lasted for a hundred years, the Eastern Han Dynasty spent hundreds of thousands of silver to invest in, but this is like a bottomless pit, how much to smash into it is not good.
The reason why Zhuge Liang wanted to march from the Yongliang area every time he went on the Northern Expedition was that he saw the value of this place:
One is that Zhuge Liang believes that the ethnic composition here is complex, Cao Wei can not effectively control it at all, and the Shu Han is nominally a continuation of the Great Han, and at least some of the nationalities are subordinate to the Han in their hearts.
The second is that the cavalry here is extremely brave, the Western Liang Hummers were invincible in the world at that time, and the Shu Han infantry bows and crossbows were experts, but the iron horses facing Cao Wei were at a disadvantage after all.
Zhuge Liang wanted to march from the Yongliang area every time he went on the Northern Expedition, but Zhuge Liang was never able to occupy Yongliang, let alone Chang'an after that, and the Qiang people who were noisy in the Eastern Han Dynasty were completely silent during the Cao Wei period.
Why? A very important reason is that the Qiang people have long been unable to turn over the big waves, which means to mention the "Battle of Weishui" that year.
At that time, Ma Chao and Cao Cao gathered a large army next to Weishui to fight, Ma Chao only had about 100,000, and these troops were not all subordinate to Ma Chao, in fact, these troops were more of a coalition army, consisting of Han Sui, Cheng Yin and other Qiang leaders of the ten parties, and Ma Chao belonged to the more powerful side at that time, so naturally he became the leader of the coalition army.
In the early days of the Battle of Weishui, the duel between Cao Cao and Ma Chao was one-sided with Cao Cao. "Xiliang Iron Horse" claimed to be invincible in the world, and this sentence was indeed fulfilled at that time.
This group of Xiliang Iron Horses was different from the general Xiliang Cavalry, Ma Chao's Xiliang Iron Horse was more like a group of "Spartan warriors", the guns in their hands were not used for battle, but were used to throw like Spartan warriors, this tactic caused a great impact on Cao Cao's troops, and also made Cao Cao really frightened.
It was absolutely unfavorable, even Cao Cao had the mood to want to retreat, but at this time, the strategist Jia Xu found the problem, although Ma Chao's troops were brave, they were not a real "army", they had many leaders within them, and there were many factions between them, so they might as well use the "divisive strategy" to crush them from this point.
A word awakens the dreamer. Jia Xu's guidance suddenly made Cao Cao feel energetic, so he secretly sent people to "contact" Han Sui, the second leader of Ma Chao's army, Han Sui himself was a major problem for the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty surrendered Han Sui several times, and Han Sui's surrender sentence could not be cleaned up.
However, Ma Chao believed it to be true, and he thought that Han Sui's old problem had been committed again, so the originally united forces with the same qi had infighting, which also became the root cause of the fiasco of the Western Liang Coalition Army.
Cao Cao's method of dealing with Ma Chao and Han Sui was one of the most common means used by Cao Wei to win over the nomads at that time, which is one of the reasons why the northern nomads were never able to go south.
Although on the land of the Central Plains at that time, the three-way scuffle lasted for more than a hundred years, and no one obeyed each other. However, the situation on the steppe continued to be the same as that of the Central Plains Dynasty.
After the Han Dynasty defeated the Xiongnu, the Xiongnu divided into the Northern and Southern Xiongnu, and the Northern Xiongnu moved west to Central Asia and Europe, while the Southern Xiongnu were subordinate to the Han Dynasty.
However, at this time, the elite strength of the Southern Xiongnu had already been beaten by the Central Plains Dynasty, and the pants pocket was cleaner than the face, and those younger brothers at that time saw that the eldest brother was no longer able to do it, and immediately had the idea of self-reliance, and the Xianbei and Wuhuan who belonged to Donghu at that time broke away from the Xiongnu's sphere of influence after this.
On the grasslands, the xiongnu, Xianbei, and Wuhuan forces continued to glue, and each side had its own sphere of influence.
After Cao Cao unified the north, he began to solve the nomadic people on the grassland, he first attacked Wuhuan who did not obey Cao Cao's jurisdiction with his elite strength, Zhang Liao's White Wolf Mountain became famous in the battle and directly killed the Great Khan of Wuhuan, and then subdued the Xiongnu.
However, for Cao Cao, he was not very at ease with these Xiongnu, and at this time, Cao Cao still had the idea that "if he is not of my clan, his heart will be different", so he divided the Xiongnu into five parts and placed them in five different places.
One is that Cao Cao also urgently needed the military strength of the Xiongnu at that time, the three kingdoms war was a huge loss of population, and the Xiongnu were born warriors on horseback, and for Cao Cao, their military strength was also urgently needed by him at that time.
The second Cao Cao was also very uneasy about these Xiongnu, but it was even more uneasy to really place them in the grassland, rather than placing them under his own eyes and using his own people to monitor.
After solving the Xiongnu and Wuhuan, the nomadic peoples on the steppe were left with only Xianbei, but the Xianbei at that time was not very peaceful, and they would always die unexpectedly when the Xianbei tribe had to appear every time a heroic and ambitious Han, such as Kebineng, who once wanted to unify Xianbei before his death, but was accidentally assassinated.
As a result, Xianbei was never able to form a strong nation to oppose Cao Wei, and at that time there were many factions in Xianbei, in order of central Xianbei, eastern Xianbei, and western Xianbei, and in the eastern Xianbei there were murong forces, Duanbu, and Yuwenbu.
It is precisely between the three countries that they have made full use of this point, so that the nomadic peoples of the northern steppe have never been able to form a cohesive force to go south on a large scale.
The Shu Han adopted a policy of co-optation
Compared with the division and disintegration of Cao Wei, the military struggle of the Shu Han Dynasty was more based on co-optation, which was related to the geographical environment at that time.
Although the geographical situation of the desert steppe is dangerous, this place can at least garrison a large number of troops, and there can be a care between each other.
The ethnic group faced by the Shu Han was the southern central area, that is, today's Yungui area, where the terrain was far more difficult than that of the north of the desert, and the "100,000 Mountains of Miaojiang" said that the dilemma here was more difficult than that faced by Cao Wei:
One was that it was impossible to garrison troops on a large scale, because there were mountains between them and could not be contacted at all, and the Shu Han also had to make military preparations to support the Northern Expedition, which further limited the garrison in the south.
Second, the miasma temperature here is very serious, and the folk customs are no less fierce than the warriors of the northern nomads, which is why the Han Dynasty's governance in the local area is still based on the policy of restraint, that is, let the local hostages choose a leader themselves, and then govern themselves.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang believes that if he wants to govern Nanzhong, it is more important to appease, and Ma Mo also proposed that "the siege of the city is the top, and the attack of the heart is the bottom" before Zhuge Liang went to the south.
Later, in the process of attacking Nanzhong, Zhuge Liang heard that there was a local leader named Meng Huo, who was very proud and had a high reputation in the local area, so Zhuge Liang had seven captures and seven verticals", which directly allowed Meng Yue to have a capital letter for Zhuge Liang from then on, and never looked for trouble again, and was at ease to contribute to the construction of Shu Han.
Although this is an exaggerated bridge section, in fact, the Shu Han Dynasty still had to govern Nanzhong mainly to appease and soften, so it specially set up a one in Nanzhong
Governor of the Capital
It was established in 215 AD until the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty.
The first governor was Deng Fang, who was light on money and righteousness, and won the trust of various tribes in South Central; the second governor Li Hui did a good job; and the third governor Zhang Yi was a typical "cool official", who was not long after the surrender of South Central, and believed that "the chaotic world should be used to use heavy codes", so he was harsh on South Central, which directly led to the rebellion of all departments in South Central.
Shu Han had to send a fourth governor, Ma Zhong, to replace him, and because of Ma Zhong's governance, all the departments in southern China were completely subordinated to Shu Han and became the veritable rear of Shu Han.
"Ma Zhongzhen Nanzhong, Wang Ping Shou Hanzhong, Deng Zhi Lord Yiling", after Zhuge Liang's death, these three people continued to perform their duties, and it is precisely because these good generals are still alive that the Shu Han regime can continue for more than forty years after this.
Therefore, it can be seen from this why during the chaotic war in the Central Plains, foreign races never dared to covet the Central Plains, and the nomadic peoples at that time were only equivalent to a county of Cao Wei or Shu Han in terms of scale, and the population could not be compared with it.
Moreover, the luxury of the generals in the Three Kingdoms period was not comparable to that of any dynasty, and after the situation of the Three Kingdoms had been formed, the five sons and the five tiger generals of that year had passed away, and the vice generals who had originally given them the next hand began to play their glory.
Cao Wei's Tian Yu and Zhao Zhao, and Shu Han's Ma Zhong all shocked the ethnic minorities at that time, which is why the northern ethnic groups in the Three Kingdoms war did not dare to covet the Central Plains territory.