At the beginning of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chairman Mao once called Chiang Kai-shek another "great leader" of the Kuomintang after Sun Yat-sen, but after the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chairman Mao, who saw Chiang Kai-shek's true face, denounced him as an "enemy of the people."
The old saying "the coffin is conclusive" can be found in 1975, and in the decades since Chiang Kai-shek's coffin was closed, there has been a huge controversy over the Kuomintang ruler, who has influenced China's modern history for half a century.
So, was Chiang Kai-shek a hero or a sinner? Leaving aside the rest, just the 5 major crimes he committed against the country doomed him to be left behind for eternity.
Changsha fire
On November 13, 1938, the people of Changsha were still sleeping, and a sudden fire burned. When everyone found out that they wanted to escape, the smoke and fire had already sealed all the escape passages, and the chaotic streets and alleys were full of people who were rushing to escape.
Because there was nowhere to escape, some people escaped into the water tank, and were boiled alive, roaring and exploding, so that Changsha became a purgatory on earth in only one night. In this fire that burned for seven days and seven nights, 500,000 people were affected, and according to the data released by the Kuomintang alone, the number of people who died directly from the fire has reached more than 30,000.
Without the fire, Changsha would not have become one of the most devastated cities of World War II, alongside Stalingrad, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Changsha's cultural and historical relics with 3,000 years of precipitation will not be destroyed.
The only reason for all this is that Chiang Kai-shek sent a secret code to Zhang Zhizhong on November 12: "If Changsha falls, it will be burned down throughout the whole process. ”
On October 25, 1938, the defeat at the Battle of Wuhan exposed Changsha, which was originally located in the southwest, to the japanese army's vision.
Under the frenzied attack of the Japanese Kou, the Kuomintang was gradually defeated and retreated, so before the Kuomintang retreated from Wuhan, Chiang Kai-shek had already made a plan to "fight the scorched earth and fight the war, and clear the wilderness with a firm wall."
On November 4, Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Changsha by plane for a military conference, which, despite being called a military conference, was actually Chiang Kai-shek's guidance on how to set fire to Changsha. After preaching on the "Scorched Earth War of Resistance," Chiang Kai-shek also specifically named Zhang Zhizhong, "Wen Bai, if the Japanese come, do you know what you are going to do?" ”
As soon as the words fell, before Zhang Zhizhong could speak, Chiang Kai-shek asked himself and replied, "If there is anything to think about, it is a fire that burns." ”
After all, in Chiang Kai-shek's eyes, Lan Feng could not hold on, Nanjing could not hold on, wuhan could not be defended, and when he arrived in Changsha, he did not have to think that instead of being occupied by the Japanese after the defeat, it was better to burn it to prove that he was resolutely "resisting the war." However, it was precisely because of Chiang Kai-shek's practice that this great catastrophe was brewed.
Explode the garden mouth
Coincidentally, 5 months before the Changsha fire, a man-made disaster took the lives of 890,000 compatriots, and this is the Huayuankou dike breach in the name of defending the country.
In 1938, after the defeat of the army in Taierzhuang, Kenji Toihara turned to the northeast of Henan in a vain attempt to cross the Yellow River south. At this point, the Battle of Lanfeng began, and after learning of this situation, Chiang Kai-shek personally came to Zhengzhou and gathered 12 divisions with a total of more than 120,000 superior troops to fight against the 20,000 japanese and Kou, but what everyone did not expect was that the generals of Chiang Kai-shek's concubine troops fled at the beginning of the battle.
First Gui Yongqing of the 27th Army withdrew without a fight, then long Muhan, commander of the 88th Division, and then Bai Huizhang, commander of the 102nd Division of the 8th Army, also ordered a westward escape, and after a series of escapes, Lanfeng, Shangqiu, Dengfeng and other places were handed over to the Japanese Kou, and Zhengzhou was in danger.
At the suggestion of his subordinates, Chiang Kai-shek, who had been hesitant at first, made up his mind to "replace the troops with water" when Kaifeng was about to fall, and asked Cheng Qian, commander of the First Theater, to "break all misgivings, resolutely do it, and make full contributions."
After receiving Chiang Kai-shek's orders, Shang Zhen led his troops to dig with Zhaokou in Zhongmu County, but because there was too much quicksand in this place, it could not be dug, so he had to change the location to Huayuankou. Among them, Chiang Kai-shek, who was worried that his subordinates would hesitate, personally supervised.
When he first called Shang Zhen, he learned that he had failed to dig up the embankment, and Chiang Kai-shek angrily scolded, and then called several times to inquire about the situation, asking him to put an end to "the benevolence of women."
On June 9, under the leadership of Jiang Zaizhen, thousands of people dug a gap more than 6 feet wide, and then used artillery to fire 70 shells at the gap to widen the gap.
At this point, the water of the Yellow River roared out of the gap, and as the torrential rain appeared after the breach, the Zhao Kou, which had not yet been excavated, was also reopened in the turbulence of the Yellow River. These two huge streams of water flooded 3 provinces, 44 counties were affected, 890,000 people died in this disaster, and more than 400 kilometers of yellow pan area caused the 1942 Henan famine.
On the day that the Mouth of the Yellow River was opened, it was on the occasion of the Dragon Boat Festival in the lunar calendar, and just when everyone was celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival, this catastrophe that fell from the sky left 12 million people homeless and tens of millions of people destroyed, and the Japanese Kou who Chiang Kai-shek originally wanted to use this to eliminate discovered Chiang Kai-shek's purpose early, and thousands of people died in this disaster, less than one percent of the harm caused to our compatriots.
What is even more ridiculous is that in order to cover up their mistakes, these Kuomintang people not only bribe people to pretend to be gods and ghosts, but also try to borrow superstition and fool the people.
On the day when the mouth of the Yellow River was blown up, it was announced to the outside world that in the course of the fierce battle between China and Japan, the Japanese and the Kosovars bombed the planes that were bombed indiscriminately, blowing up the yellow river embankment, and then guiding the newspapers of all sides to deceive the people of the whole country in order to create the illusion that the Japanese army had blown up.
Acquitted Ninji Okamura
As the head of the ten demons of the Japanese army invading China, Okamura Ningji committed crimes in China, each of which is enough to kill him with a thousand knives. Therefore, on September 9, 1945, after signing the surrender instrument on behalf of the invading Japanese army, Okamura Ninji was put under house arrest, knowing that he could not escape the blame, so during this time, he was often anxious about it.
Just when everyone thought that this time Okamura Ningji was really going to be sentenced to capital punishment and accept the punishment he deserved, he did not expect that Chiang Kai-shek had made another decision in this regard. At that time, in order to realize the so-called "anti-communist cause", he chose to "open the net" to all The Japanese war criminals who surrendered to China. Not only that, but especially for the general Okamura Ningji among these war criminals who invaded China, Chiang Kai-shek even regarded him as a guest of honor.
Among them, Chiang Kai-shek also personally flew to Nanjing and received Okamura Ningji, and after greeting his physical and other conditions, Chiang Kai-shek said: "If there is any inconvenience in life here, you can propose it to me or Commander-in-Chief He Yingqin, as long as you can do it, we will not refuse." ”
Later, Chiang Kai-shek also said that if the Japanese expatriates have any difficulties, please also raise them. However, the Japanese expatriates in Chiang Kai-shek's mouth are no one else, but the Japanese army that invaded China over the past few years, wielding swords at the Chinese and people, and their hands are stained with the blood of the Chinese people.
In 1946, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East was held in Tokyo, and in order to protect Okamura Ninji from trial, Chiang Kai-shek left Okamura Ninji on the grounds that the repatriation work had not yet ended.
Then, the Kuomintang saw that the Trial in Tokyo had ended, and Hideki Tojo and 7 other leading Japanese war criminals were taken to the gallows for punishment, and it was expected that at this time, all parties would not pay too much attention to Okamura Ningji, so the military court of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense, which had been suspended for a long time, held another trial.
Under Chiang Kai-shek's instructions, when the Japanese troops surrendered, Okamura Ningji's troops refused to surrender their weapons to our party, citing reasons such as "meritorious truce" and "local defense of the communists." After a secret cutscene trial, Okamura was acquitted.
This decision made all the Chinese people angry. What was even more intolerable to observers was that Jiang Yiping, a defense lawyer arranged by Chiang Kai-shek earlier, also praised Okamura Ningji, and his bad face made all The people of China hate it to the bone.
On January 29, 1949, under the orders of Chiang Kai-shek and personally arranged by He Yingqin, Okamura Ningji returned to Japan with 259 war criminals on the American cruise ship "Vickers". Among them, Chiang Kai-shek also allowed each Japanese war criminal to return with 30 kilograms of luggage they had plundered in China. Compared with the resentment of the Chinese people toward Chiang Kai-shek, these Japanese invaders all praised Chiang Kai-shek's generosity and even built a tower for Chiang Kai-shek to show their gratitude.
Start a civil war
In addition to the release of Okamura Ningji, chiang kai-shek's most reprehensible thing to the chinese people was the civil war he launched.
In 1945, with the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Chinese people who had just experienced the devastation of the war for 14 years did not yearn for peace in the country. To this end, countless parties have spoken out one after another, calling on the two parties to put aside their prejudices and work together to push China to peace.
But Chiang Kai-shek was unwilling, and although the War of Resistance Against Japan was the joint effort of all the people of China, he did not want to share the fruits of the revolution with anyone. Chiang Kai-shek, who did not want to bear the insult of provoking this war, sent three telegrams inviting Chairman Mao to Chongqing for negotiations, and he was sure that Chairman Mao would not go there, and he also said that he would put the name of provoking a civil war on our party.
But Chiang Kai-shek miscalculated, and Chairman Mao not only went, but also sought peace for forty million Chinese compatriots with great sincerity from our Party. However, Chiang Kai-shek held a lofty attitude toward Chairman Mao's visit this time, comparing his relationship with the Communist Party to that of a monarch, saying that Chairman Mao's visit was "at the behest of the call," "caused by virtue," and "given by God."
Not only that, he even wanted to wipe out our Party's army without a single soldier. Among them, he sent a telegram to other Kuomintang generals, saying that negotiations with our Party were only a stopgap measure, and that they should all be prepared to fight a civil war. Chiang Kai-shek also renamed the military command structure that was originally fighting against Japan to fight against Japan, and issued a handwritten book of "Suppressing Bandits" written earlier, which every Kuomintang general wanted to read.
In June 1946, the Kuomintang army in Jiaodong suddenly attacked the People's Liberation Army stationed near Zhangdian, and out of self-defense, our army counterattacked and annihilated it. However, the Kuomintang slandered our army, saying that our army "does not pay attention to credit" and "systematically eliminated" the Kuomintang garrison troops in the area.
Soon after, the Kuomintang tore up the Double Tenth Agreement and brazenly launched a civil war that broke the brief peace and dragged China into the catastrophe of war again.
Abandon Outer Mongolia
After the founding of New China, when Mikoyan secretly visited the northwest slope, Chairman Mao proposed the matter of recovering Outer Mongolia, but Stalin refused, which forced the chairman to give up the recovery of Outer Mongolia. It was Chiang Kai-shek who led to the stripping of Outer Mongolia, a territory of nearly 300 years and an area of 1.8 million square meters, which had been subordinate to China.
Yalta Conference
In 1945, after the Yalta Conference, the United States did not hesitate to betray China's interests in order to drag the Soviet Union, which was preparing to begin post-war reconstruction, into the war again.
At this time, the Kuomintang government wanted to protect Outer Mongolia on the one hand, and on the other hand, it did not want to lose the support of the Soviet Union and the United States, because this not only represented the help of the Soviet Union and the United States to the Kuomintang troops, but also expressed the recognition of the Kuomintang government by the two major powers.
Thus, the nationalist government that both sides wanted to have led to an impasse at the beginning of the negotiations, but after testing Stalin's point of view. Chiang Kai-shek, who was worried about the long night and dreaming, finally instructed the delegates to sign the unequal agreement of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance in exchange for the Soviet Union's support for him.
However, it is precisely because of this that this has led to the fact that after the founding of New China, the Outer Mongolia issue was completely marked to death.
Judging from the various policy decisions made by Chiang Kai-shek, especially on some major events that affect China's future, he is not thinking about the people and the country, but how to seek the greatest interests in this regard, which is also an important reason for his infamy for thousands of years, and Chiang Kai-shek will eventually be spurned by the people of the country for generations.