The fan is one of the most representative artifacts in traditional Chinese folk culture and has also appeared widely in literary works. The most prominent is the wonderful description of the fan in the four classical literary masterpieces, which are unique and exemplary.
Fan and romance of the Three Kingdoms
Since the advent of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, lupines, scarves, and cranes have become the images of Zhuge Liang in people's minds. The fifty-second time Zhuge Liang dispatched his troops to capture Lingling, "only to see that in the middle of the confrontation, a cluster of yellow flags came out." At the opening of the flag, a four-wheeled vehicle was launched, and a person sat in the middle of the car, wearing a scarf on his head, wearing a crane, holding a fan in his hand, and using a fan to summon Xing Dao Rongri: "I am Nanyang Zhuge Kong Mingye." Since then, a specific image of this pro-squad manager has been established.
In many subsequent wars, Zhuge Liang was mostly this image. The exception was when Sima Yi was set up in Xicheng County to "empty city plan" to retreat, but only "wearing a crane and a scarf". At this time, the abandonment of the lupine fan hinted that Zhuge Liang had no soldiers to command, and replaced it with "burning incense and practicing the piano", which also reflected Zhuge Liang's wisdom and courage to calm down in distress. Zhuge Liang made full use of the image of the "lupine scarf" to exert heavy psychological pressure on the enemy army and won many surprise victories. The hundredth time "out of the dragon on Zhuge Gui", Zhuge Liangbu suspected that Sima Yi was tricked, with the same four four-wheeled vehicles, divided into four teams, each team was "crowned cranes, hand-cranked lupins", stirring Wei Bing's cold fear. The most obvious psychological and tactical effect of such a strong situation is reflected in the 104th "Meteor Star Han Xiang Xiang Returns to Heaven", Zhuge Liang left Jiang Wei to decorate himself with wood carvings to block Sima Yi who was pursuing and killing. When I fixed my eyes on it, I saw dozens of generals of the Chinese army, hugging out a four-wheeled vehicle and sitting on Kong Ming: Lun Towel Lufan. Crane soap. Sima Yi saw the great liang and retreated for more than fifty miles, leaving behind a joke that "death Zhuge can walk and live Zhongda".
Fan and Journey to the West
When it comes to "Journey to the West", people will think of the story of Sun Wukong's three-tone banana fan, in fact, the novel also writes a banana fan that can make a fire.
In the thirty-fifth time, Sun Wukong and the Golden Horn King and the Silver Horn King of the Lotus Cave on Pingding Mountain fought each other, and the Golden Horn King "extended his right hand behind the necklace, took out the banana fan, and fanned it out in plain white." In the end, Taishang Laojun came to the end, and it turned out that the two demons were the two boys guarding Lao Jun's furnace. The banana fan is used for fan fire.
The most famous is, of course, the banana fan that can extinguish the fire of the Eight Hundred Mile Flame Mountain, which is native to the lingbao behind the Kunlun Mountain and can extinguish the fire. One fan turns off, two fans generate wind. Three fans rain; the fan man will fly eighty-four thousand miles. Due to a grudge with the Tiefan Princess family, Sun Wukong experienced a tortuous process, and finally fanned forty-nine times in a row, extinguishing the fire of the Flame Mountain, and the Tang monks and disciples were able to continue their journey.
The wonderful description of the banana fan in "Journey to the West" embodies the beautiful ideal of human beings transforming nature and overcoming nature, and has a strong romantic color.
Fan and Water Margin
The Water Margin writes about fans in many places, such as the "five famous fans" used by Wu in the good Han of Liangshan, the "turtle shell fan" of Gongsun Sheng, Lin Chong's "folding paper Xichuan fan", Yan Qing's "celebrity fan" and Song Qing's "iron fan", the "phoenix feather fan" on the Golden Ruan Hall, and the "Kui fan" of Liang Zhongshu.
The more famous is the sixteenth time "Yang Zhi escorted gold and silver to Wu with wisdom to take the birthday class", "When there was no half bowl of rice, I saw only a man in the distance." Carrying a bucket of burdens, he sang Okako: 'The red sun is like a fire.' Noda rice is semi-scorched. The farmer's heart is like a soup boiling, and the prince and grandson shake the fan. The man sang in his mouth, and went up to the gangzi, and the pine forest put down the bucket and sat on the ground to cool off. In the extremely hot weather, Yang Zhi and his party, who escorted the birthday class, were resting in the pine forest of Huangnigang when they suddenly heard the song of the Hanzi. The first two sentences use exaggerated techniques to write about the heat of the weather, singing people are irritable; the last two sentences use "fans" to write the moods of people of different classes, and buckle the theme of "officials forcing the people to rebel" in the description.
The story of "Water Margin" that does not use a fan as the main prop is inferior to other works.
Fan and "Dream of the Red Chamber"
In "Dream of the Red Chamber", the fan is written to set off the rich atmosphere of Jia Fu's brocade and jade food. In the novel, the scene of the people in Jia Fuzhong using fans is described many times. For example, in the Dragon Boat Festival gifts that the Twenty-eighth Yuan Chun rewarded Bao Yu and others, there were "two upper palace fans". In the twenty-eighth time, when Baoyu first met qi guan, he "untied a jade fan pendant" as a gift, and the thirty-first time Baoyu took Musk Yue's fan and tore it for Yan Wen to tear it up, so that Musk Yue "opened the fan box and picked it up", and so on.
The depiction of a fan in Dream of the Red Chamber. More importantly, it shows the distinctive personality characteristics of different characters, the most prominent of which is the thirty-first time to write Qingwen "tearing a fan to make a smile". Bao Yu listened and handed it to her with a smile. Qingwen did take over, snorted, tore it in half, and then listened to a few more snorts. Bao Yu smiled and said, "It sounds good, tear it up again!"' As he was speaking, he saw Musk Yue come over and smiled, "Do less evil." Baoyu caught up. One snatched the fan from her hand and handed it to Qingwen. Ji Wen picked up and tore a few halves, and both of them laughed. The novel uses tearing fans to write not only about The character of Yiwen, who is "inferior" but fierce and daring, but also writes about the pursuit of equality, sympathy for women, and appreciation for anti-feudal etiquette in Baoyu's personality.
"Dream of the Red Chamber" is the most written fan among the four masterpieces, and has played an important role in setting off the character image and promoting the development of the plot.
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