On July 23, 1921, the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China opened in Shanghai.
On the evening of July 30, a large assembly site was arrested and searched by the French Concession. As agreed by the deputies, on August 3, the last day of the CPC's congress was held on a painting boat in Jiaxing South Lake.
A large South Lake meeting of the CPC discussed and adopted the party's "Program" and the draft resolution on work tasks, stipulated the party's name, goal of struggle, and organizational form, and determined that the central task after the founding of the party was to organize the working class and lead the workers' movement. The meeting decided not to establish the Central Executive Committee for the time being, but only to establish the Central Bureau as the provisional leading body of the Central Committee.
The meeting elected Chen Duxiu, Zhang Guotao, and Li Da to form the Central Bureau, elected Chen Duxiu as secretary, Zhang Guotao as the organizer, and Li Da in charge of propaganda work.
According to Zhou Fohai's recollection, at the last day's meeting, in addition to adopting the party program and the party's organization, Chen Zhongfu (Duxiu) was also elected as chairman of the committee, Zhou Fohai as vice chairman, Zhang Guotao as director of the organization, and Li Da as propaganda minister.
However, according to a deputy, Bao Huisheng, "Li Dazhao and Zhou Fohai were elected as alternate members of the Central Committee. Chen Tanqiu, a deputy to the Major Committee, also recalled: "Zhou Fohai, Li Hanjun, and Liu Renjing were alternate members of the Central Committee. ”
It seems that Zhou Fohai may be elected as an "alternate member of the Central Committee" instead of "vice chairman".
As for the post of secretary of the Central Bureau represented by Zhou Fohai during the period when Chen Duxiu was not in Shanghai, Zhang Guotao, a major deputy, later recalled: "Before Mr. Chen returned to Shanghai, the post of secretary was temporarily represented by Zhou Fohai. ”
Bao Huisheng also recalled: "Before Chen Duxiu returned to Shanghai, the secretary was temporarily replaced by Zhou Fohai. ”
It can be seen from this that during the period when Chen Duxiu did not arrive in Shanghai, Zhou Fohai did act as the secretary of the Central Bureau.
Zhou Fohai was born in 1897 in Yuanling, Hunan. In his early years, he studied in Japan and participated in the organization of communist groups in Japan.
Zhou Fohai's whereabouts in returning to Japan to attend a major party meeting were already known to the Japanese police, and after returning to Japan, Zhou Fohai was closely monitored by the Japanese police, and the police also put pressure on Zhou Fohai through the Kyoto Imperial University where he studied, repeatedly warning Zhou Fohai and threatening Zhou Fohai with expulsion, which made Zhou Fohai terrified.
Moreover, Zhou Fohai also lived with his second wife, Yang Shuhui, who lost contact with her parents at that time, and the two of them lived in poverty and lived by receiving official fees from Zhou Fohai.
The young and beautiful Yang Shuhui is the second generation of the rich, and her father Yang Zhuomao is the chief secretary of the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce, which is very economically powerful. Because he wanted to marry Yang Shuhui, Zhou Fohai ruthlessly abandoned his wife Zheng Mei, who had worked hard to take care of his mother and two children in his hometown.
In order to block their daughter's contact with Zhou Fohai, Yang Zhuomao and his wife locked their daughter Yang Shuhui in their attic, and on the third day of being locked up, Yang Shuhui jumped out of the window and escaped, and after she found Zhou Fohai, the two quietly left Shanghai and went to Japan, becoming a de facto couple.
At the end of May 1924, Zhou Fohai returned to Guangzhou and became the secretary of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang, with a monthly salary of 200 yuan. In September of the same year, Zou Lu, who was then the president of Guangdong University, hired him to be a professor at Guangdong University, and the monthly salary of other professors was 220 yuan, and Zou Lu gave Zhou Fohai a monthly salary of 240 yuan.
According to the regulations of the Communist Party of China at that time, Zhou Fohai should pay a monthly membership fee of more than 70 yuan according to the progressive amount, yang Shuhui thought that it was not easy for her husband to work hard to make money, and it was a pity to pay so much money every month, so she encouraged Zhou Fohai to leave the party.
So Zhou Fohai wrote a letter to the CPC Guangzhou District Executive Committee, demanding to break away from the Communist Party.
Zhou Enlai, then director of the political department of the Whampoa Military Academy and executive member of the Guangzhou District CPC Committee, repeatedly asked Zhou Fohai to do ideological work, but to no avail.
In the autumn of 1924, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China accepted Zhou Fohai's request to resign from the party and allowed him to leave the party.
From then on, Zhou Fohai embarked on the road of anti-communism and anti-people, became a cadre in the camp of the Kuomintang's right wing and a confidant of Chiang Kai-shek, declared that he wanted to be a "loyal member of the Kuomintang," and shouted that "attacking the Communist Party is my responsibility and my obligation."
Chiang Kai-shek also entrusted Zhou Fohai with heavy responsibilities. From 1927 to 1937, Zhou Fohai followed Chiang Kai-shek to the top, which can be described as a very popular one, successively serving as a member of the Political Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee, the director of the People's Training Department, the deputy director of Chiang Kai-shek's attendant office and the leader of the Fifth Group, the deputy director of the Kuomintang Propaganda Department, and the acting minister, and other positions, and provided suggestions for Chiang Kai-shek to fight the civil war and engage in dictatorship. He also participated in the preparation of the Revival Society (also known as the Blue Jacket Society), a Kuomintang secret service organization.
In 1938, Zhou Fohai betrayed Chiang Kai-shek again, surrendered to the enemy with Wang Jingwei, and successively served as a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Wang puppet Kuomintang, the director of the police department of the Wang puppet government, the vice president of the Executive Yuan and the minister of finance, the president of the Central Reserve Bank, and the mayor of Shanghai.
The second wife, Yang Shuhui, was gentle and considerate to Zhou Fohai and had a son and a daughter with him.
However, Zhou Fohai is lustful and difficult to get rid of. In October 1939, when Zhou Fohai went to Japan for the second time in secret, he met Sachiko Kaneda, a nurse at the Imperial Hospital in Tokyo. Sachiko Kaneda was nineteen years old and was able to sing and dance, and later became Zhou Fohai's secret wife in Japan.
In the drunken Shanghai Ten Mile Yangchang, the financial giant and president of the Shanghai branch of the pseudo-Central Reserve Bank, Pan Sansheng, often helped Zhou Fohai to find famous women to provide for his sexual pleasures, and Pan Sansheng was promoted to the president of the Shanghai Reserve Bank. Soon, this matter was learned by Yang Shuhui. When she found out that it was Pan San Province who was the one who was in the lead, she was even more angry, and called Pan San Province to a burst of scolding, which frightened Pan San Province to hold his head and squirm, and then when she saw Yang Shuhui, she was straight angry.
Soon after, Zhou Fohai met the famous Lingling Hong again, fell in love with it at first sight, and soon settled down with her. It is naturally difficult to conceal Yang Shuhui, who knows her husband's lustful heart, and the location of the hidden petite is quickly found out by Yang Shuhui. Yang Shuhui must make Zhou Fohai and Xiao Linghong cut off contact, but Zhou Fohai is unwilling. The two always quarreled about this every day, and even made a big fuss. Yang Shuhui left Beijing in a rage and went to Shanghai to hire a lawyer to handle divorce procedures.
Who knew that Zhou Fohai had assigned someone to find his close friend Jin Xiongbai in advance. At that time, Jin Xiongbai opened a lawyer business, and Zhou Fohai hoped that Jin Xiongbai would go to the station to pick up Yang Shuhui and strive to take over the case. Yang Shuhui saw Jin Xiongbai, and indeed entrusted the divorce to him, wrote a power of attorney, asking him to negotiate with Zhou Fohai, and if the negotiation failed, he sued the court.
Jin Xiongbai rushed to Nanjing that night. Zhou Fohai told Jin Xiongbai frankly, "I want you to think of a way to have both worlds for me." ”
The two discuss countermeasures. The next day, Jin Xiongbai hurried back to Shanghai to tell Yang Shuhui that he had persuaded Zhou Fohai that Zhou was willing to give up Xiao Linghong. Jin Xiongbai said: "However, in order to reduce the burden on her conscience, Mr. Zhou wants to give her more fees." Yang Shuhui said excitedly: "Money doesn't matter, no matter how much it is, you can do it for me at will." On the same day, Yang Shuhui handed over all the prepared child support to Jin Xiongbai. The next afternoon, Xiao Linghong pressed her handprint under her name.
Later, Zhou Fohai quietly hid Xiaoling Hong in the home of Okada Youji, an economic adviser to the Wang puppet government in the French Concession, until after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
Zhou Fohai still maintained a long-term and quiet relationship with Xiao Linghong, often secretly crossing Chen Cang here until the end of the War of Resistance.
Zhou Fohai's family ugliness became the laughing stock of rumors in the Beijing-Shanghai area at that time.
Yang Shuhui
The country is easy to change, and the nature is difficult to move. Seeing the wind makes the rudder, capricious, sinister and cunning, these characteristics are vividly expressed in Zhou Fohai.
In the middle and late period of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Zhou Fohai sniffed out that the Japanese were no longer able to do so, and shamelessly fell to Chiang Kai-shek.
In October 1942, Zhou Fohai carried Wang Jingwei on his back and sent people to sneak to Chongqing, sending a lot of important information to Chongqing. Later, he used his position as mayor of Shanghai to deploy military forces in Shanghai and Hangzhou to prevent the Communist Party and other revolutionary forces from entering Shanghai.
With Japan's surrender imminent and the Nanjing puppet regime forced to disband, Zhou Fohai renewed his loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek, won Chiang Kai-shek's trust, and was appointed commander-in-chief of the Shanghai operation of the Military Commission.
In this way, Zhou Fohai was transformed from a notorious traitor to a receiving member of the Kuomintang.
When a large number of Kuomintang personnel arrived in Shanghai, Zhou Fohai lost its use value. More than a month later, under the pressure of the people of the whole country to "quickly and severely punish the traitors," Zhou Fohai was placed under house arrest in Chongqing and later transferred to Nanjing Prison.
On November 7, 1946, the Kuomintang Nanjing High Court sentenced Zhou Fohai to death.
On March 26, 1947, Chiang Kai-shek, who remembered his "contributions" to Chongqing, issued the "Order on Reducing Zhou Fohai's Death Sentence to Life Imprisonment" in his capacity as chairman of the Nationalist Government.
In early 1948, Zhou Fohai suffered a heart attack and died in prison on February 28 at the age of 51. (Liu Jixing)