Recently, the "Dream of the Red Chamber" Cultural Exhibition, from the National Museum of China to the Guangdong Provincial Museum, has become a major hotspot, leading people to retrace the charm of classical masterpieces in an all-round way.
Since the "Pregnancy" of "Dream of the Red Chamber" by Cao Xueqin's "ten years of hard work and unusual", after more than two hundred years of "wind and frost and sword strict pressure", under the trajectory of continuously sharing with historical evolution, in line with the progress of the times, and integrating with social development, it has become a "supernova IP" across time and space, and the culture related to her works and the art categories derived from it have always been in people's field of vision.
Jia Fu artworks such as calligraphy and painting ceremonial vessels, gold lacquer and silverware, silk embroidery, etc., are like an encyclopedia of the middle of the eighteenth century, especially in terms of social conditions, customs and folk customs, food, clothing, shelter and travel; the nutrients drawn from "Dream of the Red Chamber" in later generations, such as various ancient books and rare books, scholar manuscripts, calligraphy and painting music, film and television works, architectural music, etc., are not exhausted by the continuous development of artistic products and cultural phenomena. Here, allow me to use the 413 exhibits exhibited by Guangdong Bo as an excuse, which is slightly stretched.
【The beauty of all colors】
Approaching the exhibition, in addition to the red background color that echoes "Dream of the Red Chamber", other touching colors are similar to the main colors of the exhibition, such as Tianqing, Autumn Fragrance, Pine Green and Silver Red. It really reminds people of the fortieth time, Jia Mu saw that the color of the yarn on the window of Daiyu's house was old, and when she wanted to change, she told the public in detail about the difference between "cicada wing yarn" and "soft smoke": "No wonder he recognized it as cicada wing yarn, there were some elephants in the original, and those who did not know it were all recognized as cicada wing yarn." The proper name is 'Soft Smoke Luo'... There are only four colors: the same rainy and sunny, the same autumn fragrance, the same pine green, the same silver red. If you make an account, paste the window drawer, and look at it from a distance, it is like smoke, so it is called 'soft smoke Luo', and the silver red is also called 'Xiaying Yarn'. Nowadays, the yarn used on the house is not so soft and thick and light. ”
Although the texture is "thick" but the weight is "light", the distant view is like smoke, the touch is "soft" suitable for accounting; "dense" refers to the size of the fabric holes, if the holes are not densely arranged, too breathable, the paste drawer will feel cold, how can the old ancestors be willing to let Daiyu's weak body and bones be cold outside the window? In contrast to the past, it is also possible to conclude that the cicada wing yarn is "light and soft", but it is distinguished from soft smoke luo in "thick". It is no wonder that even Wang Xifeng, a family member who has seen many markets, has been scolded by the old ancestors for "not knowing the goods"; on the other hand, the four words of "soft, thick and light" have their own qualities, highlighting Jia Mu's meticulous observation of a thing and a high artistic appreciation.
At the exhibition site, there are grass and wood dyeing fabrics corresponding to these four colors, of which there are three luo and one yarn, which can be played by the viewer.
There are thousands of bamboo trees in Daiyu's Xiaoxiang Pavilion, and the old ancestor said that he used Xiaying yarn for her, and the silver-red fog window plus Cuiying Sensen showed the beauty of Xiaoxiang Concubine's beautiful loneliness to the fullest, and the loving patriarch Jia Mu was a good color matching hand. But she also said that the material "is not very good to make clothes."
When it comes to the clothes of the children of the Red Chamber, the five colors are blinding. For example, the exhibit "Colorful Embroidered Butterfly Red Satin Female Jacket" seems to be wearing when Wang Xifeng appeared in the first place, "The wisps of gold and butterflies wear a flowered big red satin narrow pleated jacket, the outer cover is covered with a multicolored carved silk stone blue and silver rat coat, and the emerald sprinkled flower crepe skirt is worn." This "red jacket and green skirt" and Baoyu's appearance is the same as the eye-catching, "wearing a two-color golden butterfly wearing a flower big red arrow sleeve... Outer cover stone green flowers eight clusters of satin row tassels", real red and green, in the end are the two rich protagonists, the color is correct.
People say "red with green, vulgar to jump", afraid of the misunderstanding of "color contrast", the children of the Red Chamber have a high-level combination of red and green. Needless to say, the begonia plantain in yihong courtyard is like this, Yihong is fast and green; but it is said that Baoyu has seen Jia Mu and then faded out to wear another set of home, and look at "silver and red sprinkled flowers and half old coats... Below the half-dew pine blossom sprinkled Aya pants leg", the pine blossom is a tender yellow-green, silver red with pine blossoms, mentioned more than once.
The thirty-fifth time "Golden Warbler Qiao Knot Plum Blossom Network", Bao Yu asked her: "What is the pine flower color?" The warbler said, "Pine blossoms with peach." "Elegant and light with some delicacy, this delicacy is also the usual color of the Red Mansion Lady", the "red silk jacket and green satin tooth vest", the attacking "silver red jacket, green satin vest, white silk thin folding skirt", Qingwen's "green courtyard silk jacket, red coat and red pajamas", and so on.
Ying'er's color matching knowledge also includes "the big red whiskers are black to look good, or the stone green is only pressed to hold the color", "the green willow yellow is my favorite", is not it the Huo Qingtong in jin Yong's "Book of Swords and Vengeance"?
The aesthetic of the golden warbler is inseparable from its master Jia Baochao, look at the color of Baochao's clothing, "honey-colored cotton jacket, rose purple two-color gold and silver rat shoulder-to-shoulder gown, green and yellow silk cotton skirt". In the exhibition, you can see similarities, such as "yellow crepe pleated embroidered horse-faced skirt", "crepe" refers to the crepe fabric; "rose purple" can not be found on the exhibition, but there are two or three pieces of snow green, semi-old and not new, in line with Baochao's foolish temperament. And Baoyu "wears a silk inlaid treasure purple and gold crown, wears autumn fragrance color standing white fox armpit arrow sleeve" to see her, put aside today's absolute couple outfit, is there no doubt that those words of jinyu liangyuan are empty? Dai Yu inevitably has to be sour.
There is also an exhibit "Red Gauze Female Official Dress", which is red, blue standing collar, horseshoe sleeves, light and transparent, dark embroidery butterfly peony pattern, alluding to Miss Jia Fu, Jia Yuanchun who chose the Fengzao Palace. The section "Yuan Chun Provincial Relatives" mentions that "behind them are eight eunuchs carrying a golden-topped golden embroidered phoenix plate, slowly coming", and exhibiting "Huang Ka La Qiao Embroidered Cloud Bat Eight Treasures Xiang Phoenix Car Roof Cover" is intertextual.
The jagged contrast of color matching, not only clothes, but also reflected in the home, Mrs. Wang's room "is covered with scarlet on the window kang, the front is equipped with a big red money python backrest, the stone green money python pillow, the autumn fragrance color money python large mattress ... On the four chairs under the ground, all of them were set up with silver and red sprinkler chairs. "Different shades of red, light and shade of yellow, jade and gold house, Qian Ze Luo, this color is delicate, how can non-witnesses write it?"
【The Wonders of the Great View】
Cultures collide, and the evolutionary history of human civilization is a history of mobility. Cao Xueqin wrote "Dream of the Red Chamber" and said that the age of the dynasty and the local public opinion and the country were lost, but whenever he talked about a prosperous place in Jia Province, he often seemed to inadvertently reveal Western things to increase his curiosity. Yuan Chun gave the name "Grand View" to the "Provincial Relatives Villa", and sat down on this prosperous garden that runs through ancient and modern times and connects China and the West.
Similar to the exhibition of "Guangzuo roasted blue peach hanging watch" and "Tiliang enamel clock" and other clocks, the Red Chamber has written that Baoyu "pulled out a walnut-sized gold watch in his arms" (the forty-fifth time); the family also knows the clock to read the watch, and Feng Jie assisted Ning Guofu when he said, "Su Ri and my people have their own clocks and watches with them... There are also hour clocks in your upper room. This is not a miracle during the reign of Kangxi, who loved advanced science and technology and had read the Principles of Geometry more than twenty times. Probably only the field man Liu Grandma did not know, so "I heard the sound of 'clucking' and 'clucking'... Suddenly, there was a box hanging on the pillar in the hall, and there was a scale-like object falling underneath, but it did not stop the chaos. The self-chiming bell did not know whether it was the one that was later sold by Feng Jie and exchanged for "five hundred and sixty-two pieces of silver" (the seventy-second time).
In a classical garden-style building, Grandma drunkenly broke into the Yihong Courtyard, found "a large glass mirror to look at", thought that she had come to see herself, and "the mirror was originally a Western machine, which could be opened and closed", and "saw a girl on the face, and greeted her with a smile... 'Grunt' a sound, then crashed into the wall of the board, touching her head with pain." After taking a closer look, it turned out to be a painting. "Oil painting in Western art has the perspective effect of creating a three-dimensional space on the plane," Liu Grandma thought to herself: "The original painting has such a living projection." ’...... In the sixteenth year of Qianlong, he called for following Lang Shining to learn oil painting, and the missionary oil painter spread rapidly in Guangzhou and other places, a treaty port in southern China, which had a profound impact on the history of painting exchanges in the world.
Jia Fu is on the tide of cultural exchanges between China and the West, eight-year-old Baoqin followed his father to buy foreign goods on the Edge of the West Sea, and met a fifteen-year-old zhenguo girl who was familiar with the Five Classics, "The face is the same as the beauty in the Western painting... The head is full of coral, cat's eyes, emeralds and other gems; he wears gold silk woven locks and brocade sleeves; he wears a knife, which is also inlaid with gold and inlaid treasures..." The reason why he says "the same as the beauty in Western paintings" is that many foreign objects are painted with foreign beauties or related, but like the later moon cards, they use the meaning of beauty to advertise. The exhibition also has items such as red chamber month cards and advertising posters, which are retro and trendy.
The application of Western glass products in Jia Fu is everywhere: two glass vials of three inches in size, with screw silver caps on them, one is "wooden clear dew", the other is "rose dew"; Fang Guan sends rose dew to Liu Wu'er, and the glass bottle is "a small half bottle of rouge-like juice", mistakenly thinking that it is the Western wine eaten by Baoyu. Fangguan also had another name called "Glass", and Baoyu explained for her name, "Haixi Flange, smelling Venus glass gemstones, his native language is called Venus glass 'Wendurina'. "The crowd is suspicious of their mouths, and when they turn the Chinese name, they call it "glass".
This exhibition includes "golden glass carved flower high foot plate" and "glass carved flower depiction golden chrysanthemum lid jar", etc., all of which are Qing Dynasty artifacts, the most relevant of which is the "German gold three-color glass candlestick" and "eight-lined flower glass lampshade", just like the "glass hydrangea lamp" that Dai Yu lit in the rain.
Another example is the Spring Festival in Jia Province, "on the beams on both sides, there is a pair of three-and-five glass hibiscus color spike lamps." In front of each seat, a lacquered upside-down lotus leaf is erected, and there are candles on the leaves with colored candles. This lotus leaf is enamel, and the living letter can be reversed..." The words are full of light between the lines. The old ancestor was crooked on the bed, "On the bed, there is a very light foreign lacquer depicting gold small table, and on the top of the table are tea hangings, tea bowls, gargles, towels and the like, and there is a glasses box." She took her own glasses and took a picture on the stage, which was completely a Western-style blessed person.
Glass products are expensive, it should be the glass Kang screen, because Jia Rong's father invited an important guest, so that Jia Rong asked his aunt to borrow, which showed that it was valuable. Sister Feng smiled and said, "I haven't seen that everything in our Royal Family is good?" After all, the ancestors of the Wang family were in charge of the tributes and congratulations of various countries, "Whenever foreigners come, they are supported by our family." All the foreign ship cargo in Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan and Zhejiang belong to our royal family. ”
【The preciousness of the grand food】
It is said that "three generations have produced a nobleman", which shows that "rich and noble", rich is relatively easy to obtain material, spiritual nobility is difficult to cultivate. As the "house of bells and bells, the family of poetry", Jia Fu has reached its peak both materially and spiritually, and its aesthetic taste and artistic level are complemented.
Ding is the most important bronze ceremonial vessel in ancient times, and was originally a cooker used to cook things. Rongxi Hall, the central building of Rongguo Mansion, "on the large rosewood carving case, there is a three-foot high green bronze ding, hanging to be leaked with a large painting of the ink dragon, on one side is a golden scorpion Yi, and on the other side is a glass cun (table + dish). Sixteen nanmu chairs were slipped on the ground. In the "Three Feet to Tall Green Bronze Ding" Ding Ding case, the golden scorpion Yi is a Zhou Shi ceremonial vessel, the 珯 (台 + dish) is a wine vessel, and the main room furnishings are designed to highlight the dignity of the status. The same is true of the Jia Ancestral Hall, which is not written in detail, and generally mentions the sentence "There are bronze bronze Ding Yi and other instruments on the platform."
Ding is very popular, so among the great Ding sisters, only Tanchun dares to have, "There is a large case of pear marble in the local area, and there are various celebrity Legal Posts on the case, and dozens of square treasure stones, various color pen holders, and pens inserted in the pen sea like a forest." On that side is a Large Kiln Flower Sac... There is a big ding on the case. On the rosewood shelf on the left is a large plate of a large kiln... On the right side of the foreign lacquer shelf hangs a white jade flounder... "Qiu Shuangzhai a series of "Big Ding", "Big Case", "Big Plate" and other symbols of the hostess's "self-shrewd self-shrewdness and self-elevation" than the top liang boy, and Jia Jiahe's hundred-year-old poetry Li Li Miao did not forget to read, but it was at the three girls that he saw some ways out.
In the Daiyu room is a piece of dragon Wen Nai, "Mo" refers to Xiao Ding, about like the "transparent carved cloud dragon pattern copper furnace" on display; Bao Chao's personality will not exceed half a step, the room is like a snow cave, but Jia Mu saw and said to her put a "ink smoke frozen stone ding", which is pure craft decoration.
Madame Wang used one of the four famous kilns to produce the "Ru Kiln Beauty Yao", but flower arrangement; Miao Yu shouted Bao Daichao to eat the body tea together, and took out the "(min + melon) Dagger", "Apricot Rhinoceros (喬 + Dish)" "Green Jade Bucket", and there was a "Nine-Curved Ten Rings and One Hundred and Twenty Sections of Cockroach Whole Carved Bamboo Root of a Sea", giving everyone a "one-color official kiln to fill the white lid bowl", but what honored Jia Mu was "a small tea plate with begonia fancy carved lacquer filled with golden yunlong offering life, which put a kiln multicolored small cover bell", and the treasure antique rose up to take out the tea with it. For a moment, he let it be thrown away, and even Madame Wang said, "Since he is an official eunuch, he is naturally proud, so he will ask him for the next post." ”
Although there is no such thing on the exhibition, it also simulates a "picture of the night banquet of the Red Chamber", the background is selected from Sun Wen's painting of Jia Mu's eighty-year-old birthday banquet, exhibiting a group of daily utensils: "Gold-plated agate plum petal bowl" reminiscent of using a silk white onyx saucer to serve lychees, "enamel Tiliang wine pot" to contact Shi Taijun's two feasts in the Grand View Garden, on the table "each person a black silver foreign pot self-pouring pot, a ten-brocade enamel cup", "copper tire painting enamel hand stove" like the ear echoes Daiyu's tooth tip sharp "where I am cold", "eight auspicious pattern painting enamel hot pot" It immediately made people have the impulse to eat venison in the embroidery of Jinxin.
Enamel is a composite craft coated on the surface of metal products by firing and other steps. There are many classifications of crafts, among which "filigree enamel" is known as "cloisonné", with the Ming Jingtai period as the most; to the Qing Dynasty, Western enamel was introduced to China from Guangzhou, commonly known as "Guang Enamel", which is a tribute of the imperial court, the most famous is this "painting enamel", after the introduction of this technology, it was developed in the Three Dynasties of Kangyongqian.
If the indoor scene of "Dream of the Red Chamber" is changed by doors, windows, curtains and other buildings, as a plot to push, peep, and separate, then one of the most important props is the box/holding box used to deliver meals back and forth, and the exhibition lists "black paint dark eight immortals and eight petals of the box" and "gold paint hollow bamboo wire eight square holding box", prompting the viewer of this detail.
Eat well and have fun, carry out wine orders, pick flower names, drumming flowers, joint poems, in the "Golden Mandarin Duck Three Xuanya Card Order" and "Shouyi Red Qunfang Open Night Feast" depicted a number of popular games on the wine table, a pair of "Ivory Poetry Wine Order" exhibits echoed skillfully; there is also a "Dream of the Red Chamber too illusory realm map", is based on the Architectural Landscape of the Red Chamber, character plot and set up amusement equipment, similar to checkers / flying chess, in the Qing Dynasty has appeared, it is strange.
Except for those, it's time to count the dominoes. Dominoes are "tooth cards", folk also called "card nine", up to the old lady, Feng Jie, Qin Keqing, and even Jia Zhen, down to the boy, Xiangyun when the order must have a "domino name", is a suitable thing for men and women of all ages. But the most impressive thing is that there was a time when Baoyu was bored and turned back to the room, the sky was still long, the noisy Yihong Courtyard on weekdays was clean and abnormal, and the others all played, "Seeing Musk Moon alone under the lamp in the outer room. (Twentieth)
How cool it is for a person to smear dominoes under a lamp. I think that when the qiong pulp was full of glass cups, the jade liquid was thick and poured amber cup, it was such a fiery cooking oil, flowers and brocade, but at the end of the prosperity and the decadence of the feast, everyone else flew around like a kite with a broken line, leaving only musk moon to accompany Baoyu. Open to the grass, there is no idle pen.
Author: An Xiaoyu
Image source: Yue Bo, GuoBo
Editor: Fan Xin
Editor-in-Charge: Xuanjing
*Wenhui exclusive manuscript, please indicate the source when reprinting.