"[The First World War] objectively promoted the development of science and technology." The first world war launched by the colonialist and imperialist countries in order to redivide the world and compete for hegemony in the world has not only brought extremely deep disasters to the vast number of mankind, but also promoted the completion of a large number of new weapons.
"Aircraft, poison gas, tanks, and long-range artillery have been thrown into the war." In the First World War, a large number of new weapons were put into battle, and the military competition between countries quickly escalated into an arms competition. Because the First World War became an important stage in the history of human weapons development.
After a period of research and development and combat, the United States and the Soviet Union gradually rose. When the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea broke out, China lagged behind these two countries in terms of daily necessities, material transportation and supplies, and military weapons.
Background to the war
"The United States and the Soviet Union occupied the southern and northern parts of the Korean Peninsula, respectively." In World War II, Japan's delusion of occupying China for a short period of time was eventually destroyed by countless Chinese with their lives.
In August 1945, on the eve of Japan's defeat and surrender, the United States proposed that the United States and the Soviet Union occupy the south and north of the Korean Peninsula respectively, with 38 degrees north latitude as the boundary (38th parallel).
After this proposal was approved by the Soviet Union, the two sides began to take over Japanese jurisdiction. At that time, with the success of China's resistance to the invasion of the colonization of the militarist state, with the liberation of the people everywhere, in the north and south of the Korean Peninsula, there were also "nationalist movements." "A large number of people have expressed their desire to establish a unified regime that belongs to the Koreans themselves.
Under the guidance of the relevant forces in the United States and the Soviet Union, the Soviet-administered North, the right-wing student movement was constantly suppressed, so that in the northern political parties, all of them were left-wing groups or communist parties, while in the South managed by the United States, after the assassination of left-wing democrats, the political power of this faction ceased to exist, although the various factions of the Communist Party once carried out joint reconstruction, but under the continuous blows of American forces, the final space for activities became smaller and smaller.
When in 1946 the U.S. forces found an excuse to simply revoke the "legitimacy of left-wing parties such as the Communist Party of South Korea," the following year the main leaders of the South Korean Communist Party were forced to flee to the north. After several selections, the U.S. government selected the Syngman Rhee group as the spokesman of the U.S. government in southern Korea.
Because both the United States and the Soviet Union are constantly cultivating their own forces in the north and south of Korea, there is a huge difference in the thinking of the two departments, and the contradictions between the north and the south are not only unresolved, but also getting bigger and bigger. After a series of confrontations between the United States and the Soviet Union at the United Nations, in 1948, the Government of the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea were established successively.
In the same year, the Soviet Union directly handed over the administration north of the 38th Line to the Korean people, and in December, the Soviet army completed the complete withdrawal, and six months after the withdrawal of the Soviet army, the US army also announced the withdrawal, but in fact left the civilian officials and the "military advisory group." ”
After that, under the undercurrent of power between the two countries, more than 2,000 disputes arose in the north and south of North Korea near the 38th Line, which eventually turned into large-scale military conflicts.
China enters the war
"Kim Il Sung did not inform China of its detailed battle plan and specific dates for the start of the war." At that time, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union and North Korea was more delicate. Although China and the Soviet Union were firmly tied in political stance, because China rejected the Soviet Union's continued military occupation of China, the Soviet side decided to complete its strategic deployment through the Korean War.
Therefore, although North Korea communicated with the Soviet Union before launching the war, neither North Korea nor the Soviet Union informed China of the specific time and plan of the operation. At the outbreak of war, China was not informed in advance, and after the North Korean offensive, Stalin directly "recalled all Soviet advisers in the front-line units of the Korean People's Army." ”
Although the Soviet Union wanted to complete the Soviet military deployment in the Far East through the Korean War, it did not want to trigger World War III. After all, if the Soviet Union directly entered the war, this would become a direct military confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States, then the scope of the war would expand rapidly, and the meaning of the war would change. At that time, the United States and the Soviet Union, which were well aware of each other's military strength, did not want to see such a thing happen.
Therefore, before the United States sent troops, it deliberately sought out the United Nations, and after holding a meeting and voting, it used the status of "United Nations Army" to help South Korea fight, and north Korea could not resist the "United Nations Army" in the case, the Soviet Union did not directly intervene, but constantly asked China to intervene. Chairman Mao disagreed as early as the beginning when he learned that Stalin and the Korean side wanted to start a war, saying that this was not the best time.
However, after the Soviet Union and the DPRK directly launched the Korean War without prior notice, in the face of the wanton moves of the United States to send warships to prevent the liberation of Taiwan and send air forces to bomb Dandong, Liaoning Province, in the end, when the Soviet Union still did not agree to arms support for the volunteer army, "at the request of the DPRK government, it made the decision to "resist the United States and aid Korea and defend the homeland." ”
Soviet armament support
"[The People's Volunteers] fought five strategic campaigns in a row." After learning that China, which had just formed its air force and had almost no air combat capability, accepted the DPRK's request to carry out the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea without the consent of the Soviet Military Support, Stalin was very moved, and immediately agreed to part of the Soviet armament support.
With the victory of the People's Volunteers, the support from the Soviet side was also increasing. At the beginning, because of the uncertainty of the direction of the war, considering the impact of the Soviet side's participation in the war on the world situation, the Soviet Union was more restrained in support. But when the war situation gradually became clear, the Soviet side began to increase its support in terms of ordnance.
At that time, a group of air pilots in the Soviet Union all changed into the uniforms of the People's Volunteer Army and strictly guarded the defensive attack operations against the "United Nations" Air Force within a certain boundary. Although some of the "United Nations Forces" discovered that these fighters were Soviet Air Force, they also did not publicize the matter out of consideration of not wanting to expand the impact of the war.
After the People's Volunteers won five strategic battles, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea entered the second stage, and the "Chinese and DPRK People's Army" implemented the strategic principle of "protracted combat and active defense" and began to carry out active defensive operations.
At this stage, gradually falling into the quagmire of war, in the face of rising anti-war sentiment at home and increasing military expenditures, the United States, in addition to its apparent willingness to accept armistice negotiations, began to plot to land again.
When the United States was trying to find another way, China, supported by the Soviet Union, also completed the armament and training of the 16th Army of the Volunteer Army. This army was the only mechanized army in China at that time, equipped with perfect Soviet weapons and equipment, and the weapons were extremely strong. In late December 1952, the 16th Army of the Volunteer Army rushed to the Korean battlefield to carry out the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
The strong equipment and combat strength of this unit, coupled with the full preparation of the volunteers, made the US army have to abandon the landing operation plan.
In July 1953, the 16th Army, which had received instructions from its superiors, began to attack the 527.7 Heights occupied by the Americans, and in just 5 minutes, the artillery of the 16th Army leveled the heights. The next day, the morale of the 16th Army opened fire, and it took 30 minutes to wipe out the enemy's company.
On the 22nd, the 16th Army once again played an excellent role, killing a company in South Korea in half an hour and 3 companies of the enemy army in 2 hours, and making great achievements. Under the repeated victories, Yin Xianbing, commander of the 16th Army, could not help but say that the US military was no more than that.
brief summary:
"If the battle drags on, the enemy will be taken away by reinforcements." Yin Xianbing, who was strong in combat ability, won many victories in the war with the 16th Army equipped with Soviet weapons, but when he wanted to directly carry out a large-scale counterattack later, he had to stop the operation because the United States agreed to sign the armistice agreement.
After the 16th Army of Soviet Weapons entered the Korean War, its results were very outstanding, and it took only 3 hours to annihilate 3 companies of the enemy. The glorious record made Yin Xianbing, commander of the 16th Army, can't help but sigh, and the US army is no more than that.