summer
C. early 21st century BC – Circa 16th century BC
The main area of xia dynasty activity was the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (equivalent to present-day Shanxi, Henan, and Hebei), and the capital was built in Anyi.
business
C. early 16th century BC – c. early 11th century BC
The shang dynasty ruled the region, centered on present-day Henan. During Wu Ding's reign, the country was at its peak and its power reached the Yangtze River Valley. He moved the capital several times; during the pan geng, he moved to Yin (in the area of present-day Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan). Around the Shang, there were also many vassal states that submitted to the Shang, such as the Ghost Fang in the northwest and the Qiang Fang in the west.
Western Zhou
The beginning of the 11th century BC-771 BC
Before the destruction of the Shang, the Zhou were active in the upper reaches of the Yellow River (present-day Shaanxi and Gansu). After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Zhou Dynasty, he established the Zhou Dynasty, with its capital at Ho (镐, near present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi), and later moved to Luoyi.
spring and autumn
770 BC – 476 BC
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou royal family declined and the princes ruled. The main princes were Lu, Qi, Jin, Qin, Chu, Song, Wei, Chen, Cai, Cao, Zheng, Yan, Wu, and Yue.
Warring states
475 BC – 221 BC
During the Warring States period, from the Great Wall in the north to the Yangtze River Basin in the south, seven great powers emerged successively: Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, and Wei.
Qin
221 BC – 206 BC
In 221 BC, Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms and established the first unified imperial dynasty in Chinese history.
Western han dynasty
202-8 BC
In 202 BC, Liu Bang, the King of Han, defeated Xiang Yu, the King of Chu, that is, the throne, and re-established a unified imperial dynasty, Han. In the second year of Emperor Xuan's reign (60 BC), the Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Capital Protectorate, which ruled over the Western Regions states east of the Green Ridge south of the Tianshan Mountains. The Eastern Mongolian Plateau is home to the Wuhuan and Xianbei descendants of the Eastern Hu. The north and south of the desert are Xiongnu land. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the land of the Qiangs. The southwest of Yunnan is the land of Ailaoyi.
Eastern han dynasty
25-220 AD
The Eastern Han Dynasty Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu, who took the throne in the first year of Jianwu (25 AD), successively cut down Wang Mang's power and restored unification. In the second year of Yanguang (123 AD), the Eastern Han Dynasty changed the capital of the Western Regions to the Western Regions ChangshiFu. Due to the internal division of the Xiongnu in the north, Xianbei took the opportunity to expand the territory, attacking Wusun in the west and Buyeo in the east, all of which were based on the Homeland of the Xiongnu. At that time, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was still inhabited by the Qiang. On both sides of the upper reaches of the Yalu River in the northeast, it was the territory of the Goguryeo State.
Three kingdoms
220-280 AD
In 220 AD, Cao Pi was called Emperor Wei, in 221 Liu Bei was called Emperor of Han, and in 222 Sun Quan was established as emperor of the Three Kingdoms. Wei still used the Western Regions ChangshiFu to protect the Western Regions except Wusun. Outside the northeast of Cao Wei were Goguryeo, Rulou, Buyeo, etc., and qianghu in the north. The north and south of the desert are humble. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the land of the Qiangs.
Western Jin Dynasty
265-316 AD
In 280 AD, the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, ending the situation of the Three Kingdoms. In the Western Regions and abroad, the Western Jin Dynasty still set up the Western Regions Changshi Mansion to protect the Western Regions except Wusun. Outside the northeast is Goguryeo, Rulou, Buyeo, etc., and the north is bordered by Qianghu. The north and south of the desert are humble. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the land of the Qiangs.
Eastern jin
317-420 AD
From the end of the Western Jin Dynasty to the beginning of the Liu Song Dynasty, various ethnic groups established as many as 16 separatist regimes in the Central Plains and Bashu. In 317 AD, Sima Rui, the King of Jin, was located in Jiankang, east of Luoyang, known as the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The territory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was limited to the south of Huaishui, the lower reaches of the Han River, and the south of the Yangtze River in the Bashu Basin. The northeast of Former Qin was the states of Goguryeo and Rulou, and the overseas were Gaoche, Xiongnu and other ethnic groups. To the northwest of the Western Regions Lieutenant State is the State of Wusun. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is inhabited by Tuguhun and Baoji, Sun Bo, Nuguo and other Qiang ethnic groups.
Nanbokucho
420-589 AD
In 420, Liu Yu established himself as emperor for the Southern Dynasty. In 439, The Northern Wei Emperor Tuoba Tao completed the unification of the north, forming a situation of confrontation between the north and the south with the Song of the Southern Dynasty. At that time, the northeast of Wei was Khitan , Murong Wei , and Beji. Mobei is soft, high and chiku. The western regions are Wusun, Yueban, Khotan, etc. The high principles of Qinghai-Tibet are Tuguhun, Dangxiang, Nüguo, And Zhangxiong.
Sui
581-618 AD
In 581, Yang Jian usurped Zhou and established the Sui Dynasty; after the destruction of Chen in 589, the division of the Southern and Northern Dynasties ended. After 583, the Turks were divided into two parts, east and west, the northern and northwestern parts of the Sui Dynasty. Outside the Sui Dynasty, Liaodong was the land of Goryeo, and northeast of Goryeo to the sea was the ministry of The Jing Dynasty. To the west of the Jing Dynasty are the Ministries of the Chambers. To the south of Murong Wei to the Sui Border, there were Khitans, Xia, and Xi. Kunming, Pubu, etc. are located in the southwest of Sui. The western part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a female country, the central part is Baoji, Sun Bo, etc., and the eastern part is a vassal country.
Tang Dynasty
618-907 AD
Tang Gaozu took the throne in 618 AD, and gradually divided the Qunxiong since the end of the Sui Dynasty, and completed the unification in the second year of Emperor Taizong Zhenguan (628 AD). After the destruction of Goryeo in the first year of the Tang Dynasty (668 AD), the Tang territory was at its peak. Tubo arose in the early seventh century, according to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and competed with the Tang for many years. Southwest of Tang Dynasty is puzi, golden tooth and other departments. In the northeast, the Songhua River and Heilongjiang River basins are divided into the jing and murwei departments.
Five generations and ten kingdoms
907-979 AD
The Tang dynasty died in 907 AD, ruling the Yellow River valley through the Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Five Dynasties. The area south of Huaishui to Guangdong was successively divided by former Shu, Later Shu, Wu, Southern Tang, Wuyue, Min, Jingnan, Chu, and Southern Han, and the Northern Han Divided Taiyuan; together, it became the so-called "Ten Kingdoms".
Northern song dynasty
960-1127
In 960, Zhao Kuangyin replaced Later Zhou as emperor and established the Song Dynasty, which was not unified until 982. It was passed down to 1127 that the Jin soldiers broke the Jing Division, and Hui Qin Erzong was taken into captivity to the north for the Northern Song Dynasty. From the late 10th century to the beginning of the 12th century, it was a period of confrontation between the north and the south of the Liao and Northern Song Dynasties. In addition to the three kingdoms of Liao, Song and Xia, Yunnan at that time was the state of Dali, Qinghai-Tibet was the Tubo tribes and the Huangtou Hui, and the western region was the Xizhou Uighur and Black Khan Dynasty. To the north of Liao, it was changed to Lang Andasi.
Southern song dynasty
1127-1279 AD
Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). In the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1126), the Jin army captured the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng (present-day Henan). In February of the following year, the Song Hui and the Second Emperor of Qin were abolished, and the Northern Song Dynasty collapsed. In May of the same year, the Song dynasty emperor Kang Wang Zhao took the throne at Yingtianfu (present-day Shangqiu City, Henan Province), still using the great Song state name, known in history as the Southern Song Dynasty, and the era name Jianyan, for Emperor Gaozong of Song. The Jin army moved south, and Emperor Gaozong continued to flee south. In 1138, Emperor Gaozong fixed the capital at Lin'an, and from then on, the Southern Song Dynasty formed a situation of partial security. In 1276, the Yuan army conquered Lin'an, and the Song Dynasty surrendered. Some ministers went south to Fujian and Guangdong to rebuild the small imperial court. In 1279, the Southern Song Dynasty was finally destroyed by the Yuan army. The western Xia, Dali, and Tubo provinces had similar borders to those of the Northern Song Dynasty. At that time, the Mongolian plateau was owned by the Turkic and Tatar tribes such as Kre and Mengus.
distant
907-1125
The Liao (916-1125 CE) was a dynasty founded by the Khitan people, one of the ancient ethnic groups in northern China. In 916 AD, Liao Taizu (Yelü Abaoji) unified the Khitan tribes, and conquered the Turks, Dangxiang, Tuguhun, etc., officially called the emperor, established the Khitan regime, changed the Yuan Shendian, the state name Liao, historically known as the Great Khitan. It was destroyed by the Jurchens in 1125. After the fall of the Liao, the Khitan imperial family Yelü Dashi went north to the city of Kedun and established the Western Liao, which existed for nearly a hundred years in history. In addition to the three kingdoms of Liao, Northern Song and Xia, Yunnan at that time was the State of Dali, Qinghai-Tibet was the Tubo tribes and the Huangtou Hui, and the Western Regions were the Xizhou Uighurs and the Black Khan Dynasty. To the north of Liao, it was changed to Lang Andasi.
gold
1115-1234 AD
Jin (1115-1234), also known as the Great Jin, Jin, and Jin Dynasties, was a dynasty established by the Jurchens. After Jin Taizu completed the unification of the Jurchen tribe by Yan Aku, he established the capital in Huining Province (present-day Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province) in 1115. In 1125, the Liao Dynasty was destroyed, and the following year the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. Later, the capital was moved to Zhongdu, and then to Fenjing (汴京, in modern Kaifeng, Henan). In 1234, the Jin Dynasty collapsed under the attack of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Mongols.
Yuan
1271-1368 AD
After the yuan dynasty completed the unification in 1280, the four khanates were established. To the west of the Altai Mountains, east of the Amu Darya River was the Wokoutai Khanate and the Chagatai Khanate, west of the Amu Darya was the Ily (I'er) Khanate, and north of Khwarazm was the Chincha Khanate. Its territory reached the Whale Sea (Sea of Japan) and the central part of the Korean Peninsula in the northeast, the Siberian Arctic Circle in the north, nipolo (present-day Nepal), Myanmar, and Vietnam in the southwest, and the sea in the southeast.
bright
1368-1644
In 1368, after Zhu Yuanzhang took the throne, that is, the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, the Yuan Emperor fled north, and the Ming continued to go out on expeditions, and finally completed the great cause of unification in 1386. In 1368, after emperor Yuan was pursued by the Ming army and fled north, it was passed to 1402 to go to the country and became known as Tatars. To the west of Tatarstan is the wattle thorn. In the 1640s the Chagatai Khanate fell apart. In the sixteenth year of Yongle (1418), the Eastern Chagatai Khan moved west to Yilijiangli (Yining, Xinjiang).
clear
1644-1911
In 1636, Emperor Taizong of Qing (Emperor Taiji) took the throne and changed the name of the country to Qing. It successively unified the northeastern tribes, annexed the southern part of the country and Mongolia, destroyed the Ming Dynasty in 1644, and continuously expanded its territory, completing the great cause of unification in 1759. In the 28th year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1689) and the 5th year of yongzheng (1727), China and Russia successively concluded treaties to demarcate the border between Heilongjiang, Jilin and the Russian Far East, and the border between Outer Mongolia and Russian Siberia. In the fifty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1712), the boundary between Shengjing and Korea was demarcated by the Yalu River and the Tumen River.
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