The corrupt and weak Southern Song Dynasty perished, and today it will take everyone into the Yuan Dynasty that replaced it. The first to introduce is the early Yuan Dynasty politician Liu Bingzhong, although he was a Han Chinese, forced by the situation to serve the Yuan Dynasty, but he successfully used the culture and traditional concepts of the Han People to name the newly established Yuan Dynasty, and established a political and canonical system for it, becoming the "chief designer" of the Yuan Dynasty.
Liu Bingzhong
Let's talk about Liu Bingzhong's life story.
One. Because of his erudition, he was favored by the Lord
Liu Bingzhong, the character Zhong obscure, the original name of Liu Kan. His ancestral home was Ruizhou, and he was born into a family of officials and eunuchs of the Liao Dynasty. Because his great-grandfather served as the emissary of Xingzhou in the Jin Dynasty and lived in Xingzhou, he was a native of Xingzhou from the beginning of his grandfather Liu Ze.
Liu Bingzhong was intelligent and studious from an early age, and at the age of 8 he could recite hundreds of words a day; at the age of 13, he went to the Shuai Mansion as a hostage, and in order to facilitate the nearby family, he became the Xingtai Festival Envoy at the age of 17. But he was often depressed: "My family has been an official for generations, would I rather become a secretary and a petty official?" The eldest husband was born at the wrong time, and only retreated to wait for the time to rise. ”
After that, Liu Bingzhong abandoned his official and lived in seclusion in the Wu'an Mountains. A few years later, he was accepted as an apprentice by the Zen master of Tianning Temple. Then he traveled in the clouds and stayed at Nantang Temple. Master Haiyun was summoned by Prime Minister Kublai Khan, the brother of the Great Mongol Khan Möngke, and when he passed through the clouds, he heard that Liu Bingzhong was erudite and talented, so he invited him to accompany him. Liu Bingzhong's good opportunity has come!
Stills of Liu Bingzhong
Because Liu Bingzhong was erudite and talented, especially the in-depth study of the I Ching and Song Shaoyong's Book of The Classics, as for astronomy, geography, legal calendar, and divination, he was proficient in all of them and knew everything about the world. Kublai Khan was very fond of him when he saw him, and immediately left him to serve.
When his father died unhappily, Liu Bingzhong took a leave of absence to go home to mourn for him, and Kublai Khan rewarded him with 100 taels of gold for funeral purposes and sent an envoy to his hometown of Xingzhou. At the end of the mourning period, Liu Bingzhong immediately wrote hundreds of thousands of words after his return, and put forward many good suggestions for the establishment of a new dynasty, and Kublai Khan greatly appreciated all his suggestions and immediately adopted them.
For example, in order to restore the construction of his hometown, Liu Bingzhong once suggested: "Xingzhou hukou originally had more than 10,000, and since the xingbing army has been less than a few hundred, if you send good officials to govern, you will certainly be able to restore the old grandeur." Kublai Khan listened to his good words and sent Zhang Geng as a pacification envoy to Xingzhou and Liu Su as his deputy envoy (both recommended by Liu Bingzhong). Soon after the two arrived, they saw results: not only were the displaced people able to resume their businesses, but Xingzhou was also promoted to Shunde Province.
Two. Name the yuan and establish a system of rules
After serving Kublai Khan, Liu Bingzhong used the Han culture and traditional concepts he mastered to provide advice and suggestions for the newly created Yuan Dynasty, he took the world as his responsibility, and all the affairs of the country, big and small, knew everything and said everything.
Portrait of Liu Wenzheng
For example, in the third year of Emperor Yuanxianzong (1253), the fourth year of Emperor Yuanxianzong (1254), and the ninth year of Emperor Yuanxianzong (1259), when Liu Bingzhong accompanied Kublai Khan in two conquests of Dali and the Southern Song Dynasty, he urged Kublai Khan not to kill the people indiscriminately, so when the Yuan army killed a person for no reason after each city, it was impossible to save the people wherever he went.
For another example, in the first year of the Central Unification (1260), Kublai Khan took the throne of the Yuan Dynasty, and adopted Liu Bingzhong's suggestion, ordered the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, and established zhongshu province and Xuanfu Division. Moreover, the former former ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty court and the hermits in the mountains and forests were all hired on the basis of merit.
In particular, in the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271), Liu Bingzhong suggested that Kublai Khan take the meaning of "Dazha Qianyuan" in the I Ching and rename Mongolia "Dayuan", which Kublai Khan gladly adopted, which is the origin of the name "Yuan Dynasty".
Statue of Kublai Khan
In this way, Liu Bingzhong began to be active in the political arena of the early Mongolian Yuan Dynasty, and while participating in important military and political affairs as a cloth cloth, he also played a major role in laying down the political system and the canonical system of the Yuan Dynasty. Such as the establishment of court ceremonies, the formulation of official systems, the etiquette of the emperor, the costumes of hundreds of officials, and the scribes.
Liu Bingzhong was also an excellent urban planning designer, because the Yuan Dynasty set the capital as "Dadu" (now Beijing), Liu Bingzhong was commissioned to plan and design the Yuan Capital, and successfully completed it under his organization, which laid the initial urban prototype of Beijing.
Three. Literary achievements flowed for hundreds of generations, and he was made the Third Duke of the Yuan Dynasty for his merits
In addition to being a politician, Liu Bingzhong was also a famous scholar, poet and composer because of his profound academic skills. Liu Bingzhong's lyrics and songs were called famous in the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang Wenqian's "Liu Gongxing" called it "poetry and music house, and all are popular among the population". When people talk about yuanzi, they without exception have to cite his "Tibetan Spring Words".
Floor plan of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty
For example, the Qing Dynasty compiled the "Poetry of the Past Dynasties" and selected five poems by Liu Bingzhong; the Qing Dynasty poet Wang Pengyun's "Tibetan Chunle Fu Bao" "is a majestic silhouette without losing the chu chu, and it is borrowed without being flattered", which sets the tone for Liu Bingzhong's style of commentary.
Even modern people talk about yuanzi, and Liu Bingzhong is placed in an important position. Yang Yang's "History of Yuan Poetry" devotes considerable space to evaluating his poems, believing that "he is one of the representative poets in the northern poetry circle in the early Yuan Dynasty."
Because Liu Bingzhong made many contributions to the Yuan Dynasty in his lifetime, the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty from Kublai Khan for many generations had a high evaluation of him.
In August of the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), Liu Bingzhong suddenly died without illness at the age of 59. When Kublai Khan heard this, he was very saddened and said to his courtiers: "Bingzhong has been loyal to the people for more than thirty years, cautious and cautious, not avoiding difficulties and dangers, and saying nothing hidden, and his knowledge is so profound that he knows it." He ordered Qian from the Inner Palace to bury Liu Bingzhong in Dadu.
Chief designer of the Yuan Dynasty
In the twelfth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1275), Kublai Khan posthumously awarded Liu Bingzhong the title of Taifu (太傅) and the Duke of Zhao (赵国公), with the courtesy name "Wenzhen". When Emperor Yuan chengzong arrived, he gave Liu Bingzhong the title of Taishi (太師) and changed his title to "Wenzheng"; during the reign of Emperor Yuanrenzong, he was given the title of Prince of Changshan. In the history of the Yuan Dynasty, the Only One Han Who was given the title of Three Dukes was Liu Bingzhong.
In short, Liu Bingzhong, a politician and writer in the early Yuan Dynasty, although he was a Han Chinese and forced to serve the Yuan Dynasty due to the needs of the situation, he successfully used the cultural and traditional concepts of the Han People, not only naming the newly established Yuan Dynasty, but also establishing a political and canonical system for it, becoming the "chief designer" of the Yuan Dynasty.
Liu Bingzhong's erudition and versatility are worthy of people's study and admiration; his conscientious work attitude for the country and the people is even more worthy of our praise and emulation. Like Liu Bingzhong, we should conscientiously study and master more scientific and cultural knowledge, as well as the necessary skills for engaging in various tasks, and contribute our due strength to socialist modernization.
Liu Bingzhong's tombstone
This article is original by "Old Wu Kan Guoxue Today", welcome to pay attention, learn together, and improve together!