The hero of the Eastern Return ---- Wobasi Khan

In the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong (1771), the leader of the Mongolian Turbat tribe, Woba Xi Khan, led 170,000 troops to hold an armed uprising, forcing the Tsarist armed forces to intercept and attack after countless hardships, and returned to their homeland in victory, writing a new chapter of singing and weeping for the consolidation of the multi-ethnic state of Chinese unification. Turgut, known as Erut during the Qing Dynasty, Erut, and Kalmykia abroad. More convincing about its ethnic origin is the meaning of "people in the forest". They have lived in the Baikal area since ancient times. Turgut is a branch of the Chinese Weyrat Mongol (Wa thorn). At the end of the Ming Dynasty (1628), the Turk Mongols could not bear the oppression of the Dzungar Mongol forces, looked for a new living space, and began to leave the homeland of Tarbahatai in Xinjiang. They crossed the Kazakh steppe and crossed the Ural River to the shores of the caspian sea in the lower volga river, establishing the feudal regime of the nomadic Turgut Khanate. After the rise of the Russian Empire, the Turks were brutally enslaved and oppressed, and Tsar Peter I vigorously promoted Orthodoxy and outlawed the Tibetan Lamaism practiced by the Turks. The political system of the Turgut Khanate was that the Great Khan was the Zargu of the situation in the maharajah's parliament. Tsarist Russia reorganized the Zalgu organizational form in an attempt to achieve equal power with the Great Khan. In order to achieve the goal of controlling turgut Mongolia. At the same time, in order to plunder the sea, Tsarist Russia has been at war with Turkey for a long time, and each time it has forcibly recruited a large number of Turk cavalry to participate in the battle, and each battle has put the Turk cavalry as a meat shield in front. The Turks suffered heavy losses and their population was reduced. The Tsarist government also allowed a large number of Cossack immigrants to develop eastward, compressing the living space of the Turks. For more than a hundred years, the Turks have been associated with the homeland of Zhonghua. During the Shunzhi period, turks sent tribute. During the Kangxi Dynasty, the Qing government sent Tu Lichen and others to the "Fu Domain" (福藩), the headquarters of the Turgut Ministry. In order to explore the route of returning to the east, Kangxi Thirty-seventh (1698) Alabjul led 500 people to the Qing Dynasty on the pretext of entering Tibet to worship the Buddha, but was intercepted by the Dzungar Mongols, impatiently begging the Qing government to resettle, the Kangxi Emperor made Abrajur a Gushan Beizi and placed him in the Ejin Banner. In the eighteenth century, after the Turks learned that the Dzungars had been annihilated by the Qing Dynasty, they began to plan a return to their homeland. Qianlong was twenty-six years old and nineteen years old, and Wobasi succeeded to the Khan's throne. In 1767, under the leadership of Wolbasi, a top-secret and influential conference was held, at which it was decided to return to the Chinese homeland. In 1770, Wolbassi and his loyal princes held a secret meeting in Vitrienka, on the left bank of the Volga River, attended by only six nobles, at which they solemnly declared: "Leave Russia by a clear resolution." Motherland. On January 5, 1771, Wolbasi Khan led an armed uprising of 170,000 people, burned down his wooden palace, set the village on fire, and resolutely returned to the east. Due to warmer weather, the Volga River was opened up early, and the Turgut Mongols living on the right bank remained to form the present-day Kalmyk Republic. Tsar Catherine II learned of this, considered it an insult to Russia, and sent Cossack cavalry to pursue turks. The Turguts made rapid strides through the steppes between the Volga and Ural rivers. A detachment on the outside was chased by Cossack cavalry, and more than 9,000 men were all killed. The Ochinyu Valley, where the eastern returnees must pass, was preemptively occupied by a large Cossack cavalry. Wolbasi Khan calmly and painstakingly commanded, and he formed five teams of camel soldiers to attack from the front. The rear sent a gun brigade to annihilate all the Cossack cavalry, and in addition to the brutal battles on the road to the east, the Turks were constantly attacked by cold, hunger and plague. 'There were many clashes while crossing The Three Jades (Kazakhstan). The Turguts suffered heavy losses, and in the end 80,000 or 90,000 people lost their lives. "It is only half of the Ili who are counted.'" At that time, the information was not developed, and there was no knowledge of the Turks returning to the Qing government, and the Turks could not be contacted if they wanted to get assistance from the Qing Dynasty. The Tsarist government could not stop the return of the Turks to the east, so it informed the Qing government and asked the Qing government not to accept the Turks. When the Turks arrived in the Ili region, the Russian government once again demanded that the Qing government admit turks into the country, otherwise war would be waged. The Qianlong Emperor was furious when he heard the news. The Turks are sincerely attached to our country. If you want to pursue, you will not interfere in the Qing Dynasty on your borders, and if the Turks enter our territory and Russia pursues, we will solve it by force, and this time the Russians will be scared away. On July 8, 1771, the vanguard of Turgut met with the Qing army. The Ili general Iltu sent Yi Chang'a, the commander of the Tin Battalion, and other officials to greet the newly arrived Wolbasi and others on the banks of the Ili River. Soon Wolbasi and thirteen other people and their entourage of forty-four people, accompanied by Qing Officials, came to the Mulan Paddock via Chahar to meet the Qianlong Emperor. In order to properly resettle the returning tribesmen, the Qing government assigned officials to survey the places with abundant water and grass. Bayinbrook, Usu, Kododo and other places were allocated to the Turguts as pastures so that they could live and work in peace. The Qianlong Emperor allocated 200,000 cattle and sheep, more than 40,000 stones of rice and wheat, 20,000 tea bricks, 55 pieces of fur coats, 60,000 cotton cloths, 60,000 catties of cotton and other materials. In this way, after a bloody battle, the Turk special department had no remorse, and it took more than half a year to complete the feat of returning to the east in victory. It is called the most significant event in the history of the Mongols by Westerners.

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