During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, under the leadership of Woba xi Khan, the Turks returned to their homeland in the east, went through hardships, and at the cost of reducing the number of more than 100,000 people, returned to the motherland, and wrote a magnificent chapter in the history of the Chinese nation that can be sung and wept! However, when we remember the feat of returning to the east, we often ignore the fate of more than 10,000 Turks who were stranded on the west bank of the Volga River and failed to return to the east.
Turbat Ministry, derived from the Ming Dynasty Walla, Walla in the First Period briefly unified the Mongolian plateau, but due to hereditary problems, has not been accepted by the orthodox golden family of Eastern Mongolia, but also after the first death, Wallach rapid decline, and then divided into Dzungar, Heshuot, Durbert, Turbat four major departments, known as Moxi Mongolia, also known as Weilat Mongolia, Erut Mongolia, Moxi Mongolia all departments have a common follow of the "Veyrat Code", is a powerful tribal alliance in western China.
At the turn of the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Dzungars were strong, and the turk chieftain and Orlk were at odds with the Dzungar chief Batur Huntaiji, so they led their troops and some of the Durbert tribes, and the herdsmen of the Heshuo tribe to move west to the lower Volga Region, and later sent envoys to pay tribute to the Qing government, and the Kangxi Emperor also sent a delegation of Tu Lichen to visit the country.
In the beginning, the Turks, who were nomadic in the Volga steppe, had a good life, and established a relatively powerful khanate there, but the good times did not last long, and the Slavs, the slaves of the Moscow Principality who had once been a golden family, began to rise, and they, together with the Cossacks, gradually encroached on the territory of the Turk Khanate, squeezing their living space, from sitting on an equal footing to demanding that turks be subservient. In the end, Turgut was also reduced to a servant of Tsarist Russia, and countless Turgut boys were forced to fight for Tsarist Russia...
Until the young Wobasi Khan succeeded to the throne, he swore not to be a servant of Tsarist Russia, so he resolutely led his troops to righteousness, gave up the Volga steppe where he had lived for a century and a half, experienced hardships and dangers, and returned to his homeland. The Turk men led by Wolbassi overcame fate, but the Turks stranded in Russia were not so lucky.
Because the news of the uprising was leaked, Wolbasi Khan had to raise his righteousness in advance and could not bring more than 10,000 people who were blocked by the Volga River on the West Bank, including more than 10,000 people of the Durbert tribe, more than 8,000 people of the Turk tribe, and more than 3,000 people of the Heshot tribe. As soon as the news came out, the mad Russian Empress Catherine II immediately sent an army to surround these Veyrat Mongols stranded in the West Bank, not allowing them to leave the Volga River, which was more than ten years.
During this period, the Tsar abolished the Turgut Khanate, established the Kalmyk Administration in their title, and sent a large number of policemen to strictly control these "Kalmyks" in their eyes, and also executed the Kalmyk leaders who encouraged the return to the east, so that these Veyrat Mongols who were stranded in Russia became the Kalmyks of Russia, and their fate was full of bitterness.
Their position in Russia declined again and again, they lost almost all the power of the khanates, and the Russians controlled them in a variety of ways, not even allowing them to deal with things according to their own Veyrat Code.
However, the heroic remnants of Western Mongolia did not succumb to fate, and when Pugachev revolted, they responded positively, but Pugachev was defeated quickly.
Finally, the October Revolution broke out, the Kalmyks joined the Soviet Red Army, formed the Kalmyk Cavalry Regiment (Mongol Cavalry Regiment), fought bloody battles to defend the young Soviet regime, in the 1918-1919 Defense Battle of Tsaritsyn, the Kalmyk Cavalry Regiment galloped on horseback, charged forward, entered the enemy position, fought east and west, making it impossible for the enemy to carry out the siege and fleeing, thus ensuring the logistical supply of grain and meat in the central area of Soviet Russia and stabilizing the southern front. In 1920, Kalmykia established the Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast, and in 1935, it was upgraded to the Autonomous Republic of Kalmykia, and spring seemed to be coming.
But fate played a joke with these Kalmyks, first in the collectivization of Soviet agriculture, the Kalmyks, who regarded horses as their lives, were reluctant to hand over their horses, and were brutally suppressed by Stalin.
Immediately, The outbreak of World War II, even though Kalmyk's soldiers resisted to the death, the Soviet army collapsed in total, and the German army occupied the area, formed a Kalmyk puppet government, and forced tens of thousands of strong Kalmyks to join the German army. This move threw the Kalmyks into the abyss.
In 1943, after the Soviet army returned, all Kalmyks were labeled as collaborators with the enemy, the Kalmyk Autonomous Republic was abolished, the whole nation, young and old, was relocated to Central Asia, Siberia and other places, and some old Red Army fighters were captured and killed.
However, the Kalmyks did not accept it, and thousands of people sued, petitioned, accused, and even risked killing their heads to demand rehabilitation. Internationally, many anti-fascist veterans and celebrities in China, the United States, and Germany testified and expressed solidarity, demanding that the Soviet Union clarify the facts. In the Soviet Union, Voroshilov openly spoke for the veteran soldiers of the Red Army, the old Bolsheviks, and demanded that they be rehabilitated. After 15 years of investigation and evidence collection, the Soviet government only rehabilitated the Kalmyks in May 1958, the national reputation of the Kalmyks was restored before the people of the world, most of them were able to return to their places of origin on both sides of the Volga River, and the Kalmyk Soviet Socialist Autonomous Republic was re-established on November 7, 1958.
To this day, these Veyrat Mongol descendants, who live on both sides of the Volga River, still speak Mongolian, believe in Buddhism, worship Lama Temple, and have customs similar to those of Turk descendants in China. But the years have long since smoothed out their scarred national history, and the land on both sides of the Volga has become their eternal roots.
Finally, a still of Wolbasid Khan is attached