In 1625, due to the great turmoil in the homeland of the four divisions of Verat, the Turbat tribe, one of the four tribes of Velat, under the leadership of the chief and Orlk, moved west to the lower volga river valley in Europe and founded the powerful Turbat Khanate. However, the Turgut Khanate did not stabilize for long and soon began to face the threat of Tsarist Russia. With the tightening of Tsarist Russia, by the 18th century AD, the Turks were basically subordinate to Tsarist Russia.
The Turgut Ministry returned to the east
In 1761, with the succession of the Russian Tsarina Catherine II, the Tsarist government further increased the oppression of the Turks. The Tsarist government began to reorganize the organization of the Turk Ministry, supporting the Orthodox Mongol nobles of the Turks to power, and constantly recruiting the Turks to participate in the war, at the same time, the Tsarist government also began to encourage tens of thousands of Don Cossacks to migrate to the residential areas of the Turbats, trying to completely Russify the Turks.
Under these circumstances, the intolerable Turks, under the leadership of the chief Wolbasi and after several years of meticulous preparations, on January 17, 1771, an armed uprising against Russian oppression broke out, and the destination of this uprising was the homeland of China.
Wolbassie
On the way back to China, Wolbasi led 170,000 Turks to overcome various difficulties and obstacles, repelled many armed interventions and obstructions by Tsarist Russia and Kazakh ministries, and finally arrived in the Ili River Valley in July 1771. At this point, the journey of the Turks, which lasted nearly 8 months and traveled more than 10,000 miles, returned to the east and ended in victory.
At the time of the uprising, the Turbats led by Wolbasi reached 33,000 households and about 170,000 people, and by the time they reached Ili, they were less than half as many as they had set out.
In fact, long before the Turks arrived in Ili, the Qing general Iltu of the Qing court in the Ili region received news that the Turks were coming, because at that time, the left Kazakh AbuLai Khan, who was the most active sniper of the Turks, had sent people to contact Iltu and ask for a joint army to attack the Turks. However, Illertu did not accede to this request of the Kazakh ministry, but on the one hand reported to the imperial court, and on the other hand sent people to understand the real intention of the Turks to move east.
Road map for the westward migration and eastward return of the Turgut Department
After the Qianlong Emperor, who was far away in Beijing, received the report, because he did not know the intention of the Turgut Department, he appointed Shuhd as the general of Ili and asked him to strengthen the defense of the Qing army in the Ili region. It has to be said that this move of the Qianlong Emperor was very wise, because the original purpose of the Turks' special forces to return to China in the east was not to submit to the Qing Dynasty, but to return to the "empty" Ili homeland and establish themselves as kings at the suggestion of Shelen.
However, Woba Xiwan did not expect that the Ili region was not as empty as Shelen said, it had long since become the capital of the Qing court ruling the Xinjiang region, and the Qing army that was waiting in a strict position was by no means defeated by the Turgut forces that suffered heavy losses after returning to the east. Under these circumstances, after the seven-day Zargu Conference held in Shalawusu, Wobasi decided to change the original plan to occupy Ili by force, negotiated with the Ili generals of the Qing court, and decided to submit to the Qing Dynasty.
Turgut Ministry
After receiving the news that the Turbat ministry had decided to submit, the Qianlong Emperor issued a decree ordering the Ili general Shu hedd to temporarily place the Turbat special department in the Ili area, and at the same time, sent the general Wolbasi Khan and dozens of other Turbat nobles to lead him to the Chengde Mulan paddock where he was located, and decided to personally receive Wolbasi and others.
Therefore, when Wolbasi led his troops to Ili, there was almost no pause, and they embarked on the journey to Chengde without stopping. On August 5, 1771, that is, on June 25, 36, Qianlong, Wolbaxi and dozens of other people, accompanied by Shuhede, left Ili and passed through Urumqi, Suzhou, Datong, Xuanhua, Zhangjiakou, and finally arrived at the Mulan paddock of Chengde to meet the Qianlong Emperor.
On the evening of October 15, WoBaxi met the Qianlong Emperor at the Mulan Paddock and presented gifts. The Qianlong Emperor inquired about Wobasi in Mongolian and entertained Vubasi and other Turkic nobles in a yurt. The next day, the Qianlong Emperor once again set up a feast, feasting on 86 nobles and ministers such as Wolbasi.
The Qianlong Emperor
Three days later, the Qianlong Emperor arrived at the summer resort and began to issue knighthood decrees to knight the Mongol chieftains of the Turbat tribe who had returned from the east. The chief Wolbasi was given the title of Unaen Sujuktu Old Turktu Choliktu Khan, the No. 2 chief of the Turbat tribe, Tseberk Dorji, was made the Prince of Unaen Sujuktu Old Turgut Buyentu, and the other Turbat chiefs were all knighted as county kings, baylors, beylers, bezi, Taiji, etc. according to their status, the number of widows and the number of contributions. It can be said that the Qianlong Emperor attached great importance to and treated the leaders of the Turks who returned to the east.
Wobasi and his party lived in the summer resort for nearly half a month, participating in all the feasts held by the Qing court, and the Qianlong Emperor also built two huge stone tablets in the temple of Putuo Zongcheng, "Records of the Tribes of Youshu Turbat" and "Records of all the Return of Turbats", to commemorate the feats of the Tuerhutes returning to China in the east.
Of course, for many nomadic peoples, including the Turgut Ministry, the Qing government's consistent policy was to use both Grace and Wei and suppress and appease them. In the words of the Qianlong Emperor, "The Heavenly Dynasty is to the foreign domain, the obedient is to love to nurture, and the Thrush is to destroy it." The same is naturally true of the Turks, whose purpose is not pure.
Therefore, on the one hand, the Qianlong Emperor took lenient and coherent measures against his upper echelons and gave them a lofty political status; on the other hand, he adopted the method of military suppression and military rule, while the specific way of ruling was "the establishment of the masses and the division of their powers", thus completely eliminating the possibility of capriciousness.
Territory of the Qing Dynasty
Therefore, while the Qing government was carrying out relief to the exhausted and heavy casualties of the Turgut Special Department after returning to the east, according to records, in just a few months, the Qing court mobilized more than 200,000 horses, cattle and sheep, more than 40,000 bags of rice and noodles and other grains, more than 20,000 seals of tea, more than 50,000 pieces of sheep fur, more than 60,000 cotton clothes and other materials from Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia and other places. These materials are undoubtedly a charcoal in the snow for the Turkmen Special Department, which is exhausted by mountains and rivers, and has smoothly helped them tide over the difficulties and also made them feel the warmth of the motherland.
On the other hand, the Qing court also began to split and resettle the original turks in accordance with its consistent policy. For the Sheleng department, which originally belonged to the Dzungar department, Qing officials placed it in the Kobdo and Altay areas, engaged in farming and animal husbandry, and became neighbors of the Dolbert department, which was also a Weyrat Mongol, and appointed Shelen as the head of the league.
For the Number 2 of the Turks, Zebek Dorzi, he was asked to move to Hebuksel. And the largest number of people, the strongest strength of the Wolbasi headquarters, the number of people up to more than 40,000 people, naturally, this part of the people is also the focus of the Qing Dynasty's prevention, because if they still get together to engage in the best nomadic herding, "once strong, it is not a good thing."
Wobasi Khan
Therefore, the Qing court comprehensively considered and decided to move the tribes directly under Wobaxi to the Zuledus grassland with abundant water and grass, and in August 38, Qianlong led 6 teams of this part to the Chuledus grassland, and at this point, the Turbats in the east completely determined their nomadic land and living areas, and continue to this day.
As for the organizational structure of the Turbat Ministry, according to the setting of the Qing court, the area where Wolbasi was located was called the old Turbat. Moreover, in order to prevent Wolbasi from becoming too powerful, it was divided into four leagues for the east, south, west and north roads, and each league set up a league leader.
The South Road was located in the northern Yuledus steppe of Qarashar (present-day Yanqi) and was set up with 4 banners, with Wolbasi himself serving as the commander of the league. The North Road is set up in Hebuksaili, with Tseberk Dorji as the commander of the league, the west road set up in the area of Jinghe County, with only one flag, with Mementu as the league chief, and the east road setting up two flags in the area of Kurkhala Wusu, and Bamubar as the league leader.
The Turbat Ministry of The Eastern Return
As for the Shelen Department, it was called the New Turgut Ministry, and two banners were set up in the Kobudo Altay region where it was located, and Shelen served as the commander of the League. The Gongge Department of the Pegatron Division is located on the shore of Bosten Lake, and there are also 4 flags, and Gongge is the leader of the league.
All the above-mentioned ministries and leagues of Turgut, which returned to the east, were all under the general and prime minister of Ili. At this point, the Turk special department of the Eastern Returned Tou finally completed the journey, and after being placed in Xinjiang by the Qing Dynasty, life was completely stabilized as desired, and it has continued to this day.