Daming Lake, Ming Lake, There are lotus flowers in Daming Lake, There are toads on the lotus flowers, Poke and stomp.
Remember this legendary oil poem? Many people have placed it on Han Fuyu's head, but in fact, Han Fuyu, who wrote a good hand and had a good writing background, was really wronged, this is not his handwriting at all, but the masterpiece of his predecessor, Zhang Zongchang, the first king of Shandong.
Zhang Zongchang
Zhang Zongchang, who did not go to school much, is a veritable demon king of the Republic of China, he has broken through the Kwantung, to Russia, as a soldier, as a bandit, at his peak even brought the Shandong region under his rule, and married up to 25 wives, is a veritable winner in life.
In the Republic of China period, when the gun was the king of grass, the strength of the troops under his command was the most fundamental pillar of a warlord, so how many troops did Zhang Zongchang have?
Zhang Zongchang was born in the eighth year of the Guangxu Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty to a poor peasant family in Zhujia Village, Ye County, Shandong Province. However, Zhang Zongchang, who has been poor since childhood, does not have the simplicity and generosity of an ordinary peasant family, on the contrary, Zhang Zongchang, who has grown tall and stout since childhood, has a rough temperament and often provokes trouble.
He himself was not willing to be lonely, unwilling to be a poor peasant with his back to the sky facing the loess soil. In this case, as he grew older, Zhang Zongchang, who had grown up at the age of seventeen or eighteen, after hearing the story of his hometown people breaking into the Kanto, decided to follow the footsteps of his hometown and go to the Kanto region to break into his own world.
In modern times, the largest population movement in China is to break into the Guandong, and the Shandong people are the most numerous in the large-scale migration activities of tens of millions of people to the Kanto. In 1900, Zhang Zongchang, who was about 18 years old, arrived in the northeast for the first time.
After arriving in the cold and harsh northeast, zhang Zongchang, who had no relatives, did not have any goals, he worked as a gambler, worked as a miner, fantasized about making a fortune overnight to pan for gold, also contracted labor on the railway to build roads, and even worked as a dart player in the dart board.
Break into Kanto
And due to the situation of bandits everywhere in the northeast region at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zongchang, who loved to mix, was tall, tall, thick and thin, and was also mixed with bandits. Even as far away as possible, Zhang Zongchang crossed the Heilongjiang River and reached the Far East occupied by Tsarist Russia.
Just as the so-called "there is a wrong name, there is no wrong nickname", Zhang Zongchang's nickname of "Mixed World Demon King" is indeed worthy of the name, even if he comes to Vladivostok occupied by the Russians, Zhang Zongchang is still mixed up, he not only mingles with the local Chinese, but even gets acquainted with many local Russian upper classes, and even intersects with many people.
It was during this time that Zhang Zongchang also showed a superb talent for language, and he learned fluent Russian, which also laid the foundation for a White Russian soldier recruited by his command.
vladivostok
In 1912, taking advantage of the period of the Xinhai Revolution in China, Zhang Zongchang, who had come into contact with the revolutionaries themselves and was not willing to be lonely, gathered more than 400 compatriots and enthusiastic young people and decided to return to China to participate in the revolution.
However, when Zhang Zongchang led his men and horses to Shanghai, Shanghai had been restored, but even so, he was still welcomed by Li Zhengwu, the commander of the Shanghai Guangfu Army, and his team was organized into the Shanghai Guangfu Army Cavalry Regiment, and Zhang Zongchang became the regimental commander.
Although he ascended to the heavens and became the leader of the revolutionary army, Zhang Zongchang, who had joined the army for the purpose of speculation and personal wealth, obviously had no interest in the revolution. Soon, he defected to Feng Guozhang, the warlord leader of the Beiyang Army, and successively served as the brigade commander of the 6th Mixed Brigade of Jiangsu and the commander of the provisional 1st Division.
Feng Guozhang
However, Zhang Zongchang, who did not have a thousand days, flowers that were not red, and who had no foundation and no military foundation, quickly ate the consequences. In the warlord melee in Hunan, Zhang Zongchang was defeated and his army was completely scattered.
Zhang Zongchang, who had become the commander of the light pole and had no foothold, went north and wanted to defect to Cao Kun, another leader of the warlords directly under his direct line. However, General Wu Peifu and other generals under Cao Kun did not look up to the bandit-born division commander at all. In the end, forced to go to the northeast where he had been, he became a battalion commander under Zhang Zuolin.
I have to say that Zhang Zongchang was able to mix among the warlords of all departments in the Republic of China, and from an unknown bandit to a high-ranking general, there is indeed something outstanding about him. Zhang Zongchang, who had single-handedly joined Zhang Zuolin as the commander of the gendarmerie battalion, soon found an opportunity.
Zhang Zuolin
During the 1st Zhifeng War, Zhang Zuolin, whose main force was fighting against the direct army outside Guanwai, caught fire in the backyard, and Gao Shibin, the brigade commander of the Jilin Army, joined forces with the bandit Lu Yonggui to launch a rebellion, and because there were not enough troops to quell the rebellion for a while, Zhang Zuolin thought of Zhang Zongchang and ordered him to go to quell the rebellion.
The rebellious Gao Shibin had thousands of troops, while Zhang Zongchang's gendarmerie battalion was only more than 300 people, and it is said that such a comparison of strength is very different, and it is nothing less than a fantasy to want Zhang Zongchang to quell the rebellion. However, Zhang Zongchang was not only not angry, but regarded this as an excellent opportunity.
On the way to quell the rebellion, Zhang Zongchang recruited troops all the way, and by the time he arrived in Harbin, he already had more than 1,000 guns. After reaching the front line, Zhang Zongchang found that many of the subordinates of the rebellious bandit Lu Yonggui were Shandong compatriots whom Zhang Zongchang had met when he broke into the Guandong.
These people all automatically turned against Zhang Zongchang after seeing the team led by Zhang Zongchang, and in this way, Zhang Zongchang quickly hit the Suifen River with a small number of troops. The rebellious Gao Shibin, Lu Yonggui and others were not generals themselves, and they lacked courage, and they had no will to fight in the face of Zhang Zongchang and retreated all the way.
Under these circumstances, Zhang Zongchang was so strong that he finally calmly put down the rebellion. After Zhang Zongchang absorbed the rebellious army, his strength also increased dramatically. After Zhang Zongchang's victory was reported to Shenyang, Zhang Zuolin was very happy, he thought that Zhang Zongchang was obviously a talent, and decided to reuse it.
Therefore, Zhang Zongchang was appointed as the defender of Suining Town, and at the same time, he was appointed as the commander of the 3rd Brigade of the Jilin Provincial Defense Army, at this point, Zhang Zongchang not only had a place to stay, but also changed the strength of his troops from a battalion to a brigade, and Zhang Zongchang once again became a senior general.
Zhang Zongchang and Zhang Zuolin and others
Shortly after Zhang Zongchang became the commander of a brigade, the Russian Civil War in the north gradually came to an end, the rebellious White Russian Guards were inferior to the Soviet Red Army, and some of the White Russian Guards that collapsed in the Far East fled to China.
Zhang Zongchang saw an opportunity from this, although the White Russian Guards were defeated, but thanks to the status of the Russian powers, these White Guards themselves were very well equipped and advanced, and at the same time, the combat effectiveness of the White Russian Army, which had been in the battlefield for a long time, was not weak.
Therefore, after asking Zhang Zuolin for permission, Zhang Zongchang used his relationship with the White Russian generals in the Kwantung to close up these White Russian troops that had collapsed to the northeast. At the beginning, Zhang Zongchang collected more than 500 White Russian soldiers, and obtained more than 6,000 Water Rifles, 48 machine guns and 13 artillery pieces, as well as a large number of other guns and ammunition.
White Russian Army
At the same time, he also retained a number of White Russian officers as advisers. It was also this part of the White Russian soldiers with certain skills that made Zhang Zongchang's troops have ironclad cars running on the railway.
However, with the continuous expansion of the troops under his command, Zhang Zongchang's military salary was far from enough, and in this situation, Zhang Zongchang, who had no taboos in his own work, actually planted opium in his own jurisdiction to supplement the military salary by selling opium.
At the same time, Zhang Zongchang, who had neither attended a military academy nor had experience in the regular army, commanded the troops, and was more of a bandit-style righteous spirit, so the bandit habits of his troops were very strong, and the military discipline was even more corrupt, which made the local people complain.
Warlords divided the Republic of China
Under these circumstances, Zhang Zuolin, who had already suffered a crushing defeat in the 1st Zhifeng War, decided to reorganize the army and decided to comprehensively reorganize and train the various armies of the Feng clan, and the bandit-style Zhang Zongchang's troops naturally became the object of reorganization.
Therefore, Zhang Zuolin sent Zhang Xueliang, Li Jinglin, Guo Songling, and others to Zhang Zongchang's troops for a review. However, Zhang Zongchang's performance surprised Zhang Xueliang and others, who not only left an impression of being capable on the members of the inspection committee, but at the same time faced Guo Songling's broken mouth and scolded, able to bend and stretch, spit on himself, and even called Guo Songling, who scolded him, "pro-father" in the face.
It was precisely this performance of his that made Zhang Xueliang and others recognize Zhang Zongchang's strength, so this reorganization not only did not disband Zhang Zongchang's troops, but instead reorganized it into the 3rd Brigade of the Fengtian Army, with three infantry and a bomb regiment under its jurisdiction, and its strength was further improved.
Chang
Soon, in 1924, the second Zhifeng War broke out, and Zhang Zongchang, who was on the front line, seized the thousand-year-old opportunity that Wu Peifu's rear road was cut off after the Beijing coup, and directly led his troops to intercept the retreat of the retreating direct army, so that the direct army that had no intention of fighting and suffered from the enemy directly surrendered, and Zhang Zongchang also began to expand sharply because he had absorbed 60,000 or 70,000 people.
It was precisely because of his military achievements during the 2nd Zhifeng War that Zhang Zongchang was promoted to the commander of the First Army with the first military merit. At this time, Zhang Zongchang's strength already had 6 brigades and two columns, with a total strength of more than 65,000 people. Subsequently, Zhang Zongchang was ordered by Zhang Zuolin to start all the way south, passing through Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui and other places, and even directly hitting Shanghai.
In February 1925, Zhang Zongchang was appointed commander-in-chief of the three provinces of Suwan and Lu, stationed in Xuzhou. At this time, Zhang Zuolin, who was competing with Duan Qirui for Shandong, appointed Zhang Zongchang as the governor of Shandong under the pretext of Lu renzhilu.
Zhang Zongchang's White Russian Army
After Zhang Zongchang entered his hometown of Shandong, like a fish into the sea, he quickly reorganized and demobilized the army in Shandong, and finally, after the army of the former Shandong was incorporated, plus his original 65,000 people, Zhang Zongchang already had an army of 100,000.
In the Republic of China period, when the gun was the king of grass, Zhang Zongchang, who had the absolute superiority of 100,000 troops, unsurprisingly became the king of Shandong, and soon, he forced the chairman of Shandong Province, who was born in Anhui, to become the ruler of Shandong.
From then on, Zhang Zongchang began to maintain a three-year career as king of Shandong. In 1928, three years after serving as Wei Zuofu in Shandong, with the progress of the Second Northern Expedition, Zhang Zongchang's Feng clan was defeated by the four major warlords of the Kuomintang, and although he participated in several wars, Zhang Zongchang still lost his territory in Shandong.
Zhang Zongchang's masterpiece
After several turns, in September 1928, Zhang Zongchang's last 50,000 troops, who had retreated to the eastern Hebei region, were surrounded by the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Bai Chongxi, and in the end, the cornered Zhang Zongchang was forced to flee to Dalian alone, and the remnants of the army were all absorbed by Bai Chongxi.
Later, Zhang Zongchang, who was not willing to accept defeat, tried repeatedly to return to Shandong, but all in vain. Finally, in September 1932, Zhang Zongchang was assassinated by the Assassin Zheng Jicheng at the Jinan Railway Station in Shandong Province. And this assassin was the son of Zheng Jinsheng, the general of the Northwest Army who was ordered to be killed by Zhang Zongchang, and the so-called one report was returned, and a generation of mixed world demon kings died.