Zhao Wanli and his wife Zhang Jinxian were photographed in the 1930s.
On January 14, 1932, Zhao Wanli, head of the examination and ordering team of the Rare Books Department of the National Beiping Library, went south to Shanghai to petition for books, and went to Mr. Wu Hufan's Meijing Bookstore as a guest. This year, Wu Hufan was 39 years old and Zhao Wanli was 28 years old. Wu Hufan's "Diary of the Ugly Man" records: "Zhao Wanli came to see my family's "Plum Blossom Joy Divine Spectrum" and "Huaihai Words". Zhao Wanli wrote in hufan tibetan ben ming zhengde gu congyi carved version of the "interpretation of the emperors of the past dynasties": "Xin Weidong, out of songbin, through Mr. Hufan Mr. Meijing Bookstore, Guan Suo collection of Song Shu "Huaihai Resident Long and Short Sentences", "Plum Blossom Joy Divine Spectrum", Jiguge Jing Song Ben "Meiwu Poetry", "ShiPing Long and Short Sentences", and this book and five, are the treasures of the world, and I want to count the words after this book, in order to remember the strange encounter with Yun'er. "After the text, there is a Wuhufan Zhu Wen oval self-use seal: Wanli Jiangshan for Yanqi.
"Ten thousand miles of rivers and mountains for Yan", this sentence comes from the Song Dynasty Zhang Xiaoxiang's "Huanxi Sha". In terms of transfer, Zhao Wanli also seems to be very accurate, and the word "Wanli" and Zhao Wanli's name in it are just coincidental, and can be understood as the meaning of visiting Wanli.
<h3>Knowledgeable and unbridled</h3>
"Thousands of miles of rivers and mountains for swallows" is really bold. In the search, identification, examination and study of ancient Chinese literature, Zhao Wanli really deserves this sentence.
On April 30, 1928, Zhao Wanli published a book review in the 17th issue of the Ta Kung Pao Literary Supplement, unceremoniously criticizing the "Mengpo Room Obtained Ancient Cong Compilation" collected by Zhou Qingyun (Mengpo) and edited by Zou An (Jing Shu). This book is a collection of ancient artifacts collected by Zhou Qingyun. Zhao Wanli said in a book review: "The counterfeits received in this compilation account for more than 67 out of 10 in the whole book, which is tantamount to opening a grand exhibition for counterfeit instruments... In the compilation of the interpretation of each more wearing chisel appendages".
Chen Yanjie published "Notes on Poetry" in the Kaiming Bookstore in June 1927, and on July 9 of the following year, Zhao Wanli published a book review in the 27th issue of the Ta Kung Pao Literary Supplement, first praising the book as "a publication with detailed citations, many creations, and still on the horizontal line", and then put forward 3 specific questions: Wu Xing Zhang's "Choosing to Be the Residence Series" Shadow Engraved Banknote, whose ancestors seem to be song and can be proofread; there are errors in the examination, and the source of the poem of someone in the original text of the "Poetry" is from the annotations of a certain language It can be quoted from the Japanese monk Kukai's "Treatise on the Secret House of the Mirror" to obtain its exact understanding. To write a study of ancient Chinese literary works, first, we must have the concept of editions, and what kind of versions are used to make the textual basis for research, which directly affects the quality of research; first, we must be knowledgeable and put forward a convincing basis for verifying the sources of historical sources and poems. Chen Yanjie's "Notes on Poetry" failed to withstand Wanli's consideration.
These two book reviews published in newspapers show Zhao Wanli's breadth, knowledge, and broad vision, which is a judgment that can only be made by a scholar who has profound knowledge of Chinese literature and cultural relics, has seen countless versions, artifacts, and has good discriminating power. The book reviews are written crisply and neatly, without ambiguity. Zhao Wanli's knowledge of philology, editions, and bibliography is probably beyond the reach of Hu Shi of the teacher's generation. For example, Hu Shi's old Tibetan moraine sand collection "The Great Nirvana Sutra", volume 29 has Hu Shi's words of January 31, 1931, which is said: "The number of this volume is 'Auxiliary Nine', which is incomprehensible." After the Song Dynasty, most of the engravings were numbered with the "Thousand Character Text", while the "Thousand Character Text" did not have the word 'auxiliary'. When another test. Zhao Wanli said in the early summer of 1933: "This book was published at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and it still follows the old style of the Song Dynasty's "Thousand Character Text". This volume is numbered 'Fu Jiu', and the word 'fu' is used to replace the word 'Kuang' to avoid the Song Taizu secret. The Sanxitang Fa Ti contains the Song Gaozong Imperial Book "Thousand Character Text", "Huan Gong Kuang He" as "auxiliary combination", which is also evident. In the early summer of the twenty-first century, Mr. Yu Shizhi saw this book, pretended to read it, and wrote a few words at the end of the volume, in order to be blessed with his eyes. Hu Shi thought it was incomprehensible, and Zhao Wanli took a knife in his hand to cut off the doubt. Moreover, Zhao Wanli faked Hu Shi's collection and read it, and without Hu Shi's consent, he wrote this article on the volume and directly stated his own insights, which is his bluntness.
Zhao Wanli's frankness was backed by his true knowledge. Wanli writes articles like this, and the conversation between friends and friends is also like this "no cover". Zhu Ziqing's diary of February 17, 1934, read: "... To Feiyun (Zhao Wanli character Feiyun). Fei Yun talked about the current general trend of the academic community, saying that dong Yantang (editor's note: that is, Dong Zuobin)'s treatment of turtle shells and Xu Zhongshu's discussion of hunting images, are inevitably the disease of drilling the tip of the horn, so there are not many materials and think of the ancients, so they have to go here. As for the rhyme, there are no more roads in the ancient rhyme, and the investigation of Zhao Yintang (editor's note: that is, Zhao Yintang) is a new road, but there is no second person who can walk. It is also said that Tang Lan on Jin Wen has practical insights, and it is almost too late for my generation to live, and there are no more ways to open. The Japanese are very intelligent, regardless of the ancient history and buried the history of the Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties, so they created a unique duoye. It is also said that Xu Zhongshu's "Qi Qi Kao" originated from Ding Shan, and Ding Shan left the Central Institute of Language and History with this matter. ”。
Zhao Wanli's lectures are also in such a straightforward style. In the January 14, 1935 issue of the University News Weekly, Vol. 2, No. 18, there was an article written by Xia Yan entitled "About Two Young Teachers of Peking University", saying that Zhao Wanli taught "Chinese Historical Materials and Bibliography" and that "every classmate held his breath, did not dare to speak, did not dare to laugh, did not dare to squint." Listening quietly, everything is silent except for the sound of writing." The article also wrote: Zhao Wanli said in class, "Scholars before Wang Guowei knew that seven or eight points said ten out of twelve, Mr. Wang Guowei knew that ten points twelve points said seven or eight points, and now scholars know one point and two points and say ten points and twenty points." His scolding of today's scholars can be said to leave no room, I wonder what kind of antipathy today's scholars are? ”
The young Zhao Wanli was straightforward and Hu Shi did not care, but there were also people who were unhappy because of this. There are two pieces of material that can be explained. One piece of material is from Zhu Ziqing's diary, on June 12, 1933, Zhu Ziqing's diary wrote: "Enter the city early to visit Feiyun. Fei Yun was still a lecturer in the History Department, but the Peking University authorities did not have much respect for Qu Shu, and had the intention of Helping Ren. Mrs. Zhao's persuasion to rest was really reasonable. Jiang Gongyi feiyun was too arrogant, and it was very beneficial to suffer setbacks from him. "Jiang Gong, refers to Pu Jiangqing." Pu Jiangqing and Zhao Wanli are classmates and old friends of Southeast University. Saying that Zhao Wanli is too proud and that it is good to suffer a little setback is not something that an old friend cannot say or say.
The second material, from Liu Bannong's diary, on January 5, 1934, Liu Bannong recommended Zhao Wanli to guide peking university graduate students to study the history of Song and Yuan words, and he wrote in his diary on this day: "In the afternoon, I went to the institute and held a ministerial meeting of the Ministry of Literature and History at four o'clock. There was a graduate student who wanted to study the history of Song and Yuan words, Yu thought that he could ask Zhao Wanli for guidance, and Wanli had changed to a lecturer this year, □□ thought that it was impossible, but according to the chapter of the academy, the lecturer could also serve as a graduate supervisor. □□ made a big fuss, like a madman, Yu only sneered and ignored it, thinking of this jun's life, there is no learning career to speak of, only to lose his temper to become a family, but also pitiful. These two pieces of material can probably explain the trouble caused by Wanli's frankness to himself.
"Long Compilation of Mr. Zhao Wanli's Chronology", by Liu Bo, Zhonghua Bookstore, 2018
<h3>Appreciation of the seniors</h3>
Although he had a lot of trouble because of his straightforward personality, Zhao Wanli still got the trust, friendship and help of many teachers and friends. He was a young talent who enjoyed a reputation in the fields of bibalography, bibliography, and ancient literature and history research in Beiping and even China at that time, and he was also a lecturer in the Department of Chinese Literature and the Department of History of Peking University, Tsinghua University, Furen and other schools, and was also employed by the Institute of History and Language of the Academia Sinica, the Commercial Press presided over by Zhang Yuanji and other institutions to do book visits, appraisals, collations, and examinations. There are enough materials to explain that the young talent Zhao Wanli, who was written by Liu Bo and published by the Zhonghua Bookstore, was living, traveling and working in a rather favorable environment at that time, and he had a large and well-educated cultural and academic "circle of friends".
Let's start with a few pieces of material from the teachers. Wu Mi was very important to Zhao Wanli. Zhao Wanli Southeast University Chinese Literature Department in 1925, from September of the same year can be in Beijing Tsinghua School as Mr. Wang Guowei assistant teacher, but also with the consent of Wu Mi, who was the director of tsinghua research institute at the time, Wu Mi's diary on September 14 has a record: "Decide to stay forever Zhao..." On December 9, 1927, Wu Mi and Tianjin "Ta Kung Pao" discussed the establishment of the "Literary Supplement", on the 14th, Wu Mi invited Zhao Wanli, Pu Jiangqing, zhang Yinlin, and asked three people to help edit the "Literary Supplement" at Zhao Wanli's residence at No. 12 West Courtyard of Tsinghua School. Ta Kung Pao Literary Supplement), Zhao, Pu and Zhang each paid 40 yuan per month. Wu Mi's diary says that "all three kings are satisfied with it". In July 1928, Wu Mi planned to go south to Huning, but before leaving, he intended to entrust the editorial affairs of the Ta Kung Pao Literary Supplement to Wanli, and the remuneration was raised to 200 yuan (Wu Mi himself and Zhang Yinlin were 100 yuan each), and wu Mi did not make the trip, so this matter was not implemented.
Yuan Tongli successively presided over the Beijing Library, the Beiping Beihai Library, and the National Beiping Library, recruiting young and middle-aged academic talents, and at that time there was the "Eight Immortals", Zhao Wanli was transferred to the Cataloging Department of the Beijing Library in June 1928 (the section chief was concurrently by deputy director Yuan Tongli), and was also among the "Eight Immortals" (the other "Seven Immortals" were Xiang Da, Wang Chongmin, Liu Jie, He Changqun, Wang Yong, Xie Guozhen, and Gu Jiegang or Xu Senyu). On April 15, 1929, Yuan Tongli sent a letter to the Palace Museum, proposing to hire 10 additional people as special members of the Palace Museum's library, and Zhao Wanli was also listed on it. Wanli was only 25 years old this year, and together with Zhu Xizu, Yu Jiaxi, Ma Lian, etc., Yuan Tongli was nominated as a special member of the library of the Palace Museum. In 1930, Zhao Wanli served as the head of the Chinese interview team of the Interview Department of the National Peking Library, the head of the examination and ordering team of the Shanben Department, the librarian of the Jinshi Department, and a member of the Compilation Committee.
On June 12, 1930, Fu Zengxiang sent a letter to Zhang Yuanji, introducing Zhao Wanli to the Commercial Press Han FenLou to read books, and the letter read: "Zhao Jun Wanli will return to the south and want to see Han Fen's books. The most introspective person in the following life shall be ordered to hold a letter of consolation for his hopes. Its people... In the version of the proofreading are in line, but also gratifying. The phrase "the most elite of the afterlife" shows the weight of Wanli in Zengxiang's mind. On June 21, Fu Zengxiang sent a letter to Xu Naichang introducing Zhao Wanli to visit the south, saying that Wanli had "studied the study of the version of the catalog and heard about the Book of Books." On June 23, Fu Zengxiang sent another letter to Zhang Yuanji introducing Wanli Xiangguanshu, in which he said that Wanli was "a relative of Wang Jing'an, a scholar of collation and surveying of the edition of the catalogue, all of whom had experience, and was a later Yingxiu." In early July, Zhao Wanli was sent by the National Beiping Library to go south to Ninghu, Suhang, to interview ancient books. On July 25, Zhang Yuanji replied to Fu Zengxiang, saying: "Zhao Jun really has experience in the study of the version catalog. Shōgun Shōsuke, the younger brother has been appointed to the same person, in the library of the book, free to read. ”
Zhao Wanli later wrote "From Tianyi Pavilion to Oriental Library", saying that he visited the Hanfen Building of the Oriental Library of the Commercial Press on Baoshan Road in Shanghai for two full days in the summer of 1930, and the librarian who entertained him said, "This is the first time since he entered the library to entertain outsiders to read old books, and there have been few cases before, that is, the gentlemen in the editing office at the bottom cannot easily enter to read or borrow books." It can be seen that Zhang Yuanji's trust in Wanli Learning. On December 26, 1931, Zhang Yuanji sent a letter to Wang Tongyu, introducing Zhao Wanli to Guan Song Ben Wuchen's Annotations on the Anthology of Literature, which said: "Our friend Zhao Junfeiyun, who has served in the Beijing Library for many years, has great experience in the edition..." Fu Zengxiang introduced Wanli to Yuanji, and Zhang Yuanji is now willing to introduce Wanli to Guan Shan Ben.
Mr. Chen Yinke has always cared about Zhao Wanli. For example, on December 8, 1932, Mr. Yin Ke wrote to Fu Sinian: "Wei Wen Rong, Zhao Erjun knows that Shangjun has a monthly salary of sixty yuan, compared with fifty yuan such as Qu, the treatment is different, and there is a sense of unfair complaint." My brother hasn't seen Erjun in recent days, I don't know what to do? Ten yuan is extremely small, when not measured to this point, or Qu and other thoughts that we have the intention of Xuan Yuan in the middle of it. The matter was told and begged. "Rong, Rong Geng; Zhao, Zhao Wanli; Shang, Shang Chengzuo." Mr. Yin Ke asked Fu Sinian about the difference between Rong, Zhao and Shang's monthly salary of ten yuan, and said that he had not seen Rong and Zhao in recent days, and he had heard about it. Yin Ke said that the ten yuan was a small matter, but either Rong and Zhao would think that there was a difference between "me" treating the three of them, so they "gave advice in the middle" and asked Fu Sinian to "look down". The words are very polite, and the meaning is very clear.
Hu Shi encountered the problem of proofreading the version, and the first person who thought of it was probably Wanli, and Hu Shi's diary on September 15, 1934 had such a sentence: "There is no good book in the whole country of the "Chengzhai Collection", and the book received in the "Four Series" is Miao Quansun's shadow banknote Song Ben, each page must be wrong, the whole school has passed, it is really hateful." In February 1931, the seventy-three volumes of Zhao Wanli's compilation of "School Compilation of Song Jinyuan Renzi" were published by the Academia Sinica Shiyu Institute, and Wanli was quite comfortable with his book, saying in the preface that "the collection of Song people's music is engraved, starting with Changsha's "Hundred Family Words", and the rest of this compilation is over." Hu Shi wrote the preface, praising the book sparing no effort, saying that this sentence in Zhao Wanli's preface "is not boastful, but a very plain estimate", and also said: "The strength of this book is not only in the number of materials, but also in the rigorous and meticulous methods and examples." And specifically summarized the 5 advantages of this work. The trust and praise of the teachers, here are just a few, you can also watch the whole leopard.
Zhao Wanli recorded the ming Wanli inscription of the Wang Guowei "Water Sutra Notes".
<h3>Peer trust</h3>
What is the "circle of friends" of peers? A few examples can also be given. Pu Jiangqing is a classmate of Zhao Wanli Southeast University and an old friend, 1 year older than Zhao Wanli. For example, Pu Jiangqing's diary on August 29, 1928, recorded: "From 8 o'clock in the morning. Yesterday Yin Lin came to the city to see Fei Yun today, and Fei Yun was very disgusted with his son. Pu Jiangqing's diary records a lot of exchanges with Zhao Wanli, and here is another one, February 12, 1929: "To Dashizuo, visit Feiyun in his apartment." Had a good conversation with Fei Yun and his wife. ...... It is the overnight stay at Fei Yun's house. ”
Another example is Xie Guozhen, Xie Guozhen had "Regret Yu Poems" in his later years, one of which recalls the interaction with Wanli Tong when he was young that day when he was working in the Beijing Library: "The original title of the book is a habit, and the feelings of sleepiness are all dependent." Fei Jun laughed at my stupidity and stubbornness, like a fish drinking water only knows itself. "Fei Jun, that is, Zhao Wanli." Remembering Mr. Xu Senyu because of Fei Yun, he noted himself: "On the day of Yu's Beijing Library, Sen Lao, together with Fei Yun, Jue Ming, Yi Zhong's brothers and Yu You Park, was built in the Tai Feng Lou on Coal Market Street, the so-called Feng Lou in Li Ciming's diary. "Jue Ming, that is, Xiang Da; Yi Zhong, that is, Wang Yong." Xie Guozhen looked back on his youth as a mentor and friend, and when he had infinite indignation.
Zhu Ziqing, Gu Jiegang, and Fu Sinian were about 10 years older than Zhao Wanli by their years, and according to their generations, they should all be later than Fu Zengxiang, and they should also be later than Mr. Wu Mi and Mr. Hu Shizhu, and it can also be said that like Wanli, they are all students of these gentlemen. They are all in the "circle of friends" of Zhao Wanli's "green pepper" era. Fu Si Nian has a big temper, but he can put it off the shelf for those who are really learned, regardless of the other party's youth. Fu Sinian presided over the Institute of History and Language, hired Zhao Wanli as a part-time researcher, and often entrusted Zhao Wanli with the great task of collating and sorting out important ancient documents. Since Zhu Ziqing became the head of the Tsinghua Chinese Department to the Anti-Japanese War Military School, the list of part-time jobs proposed to the school every year has been ten thousand miles. Gu Jiegang's diary is also famous for its details and length of time, and in the diary of the 1920s and 1930s, Zhao Wanli's name often appeared, either to visit each other or to participate in various banquets and gatherings.
Although "Green Pepper" Zhao Wanli is full of bookishness and straightforwardness, he may offend some people, but his true learning and frank personality have also been trusted and accepted by his predecessors and teachers, and in this relatively simple circle of academic culture at that time, Zhao Wanli's visits, reading, research, social travel and life should be happy and moist. In 1940, Zhao Wanli ended his life in Beiping and bought No. 8 Beiguanguan Hutong, where he lived for the rest of his life. Beiguanguan Hutong, on the west side of present-day Wangfujing Street, runs north-south, from Dengshikou West Street in the north to Shaojiu Hutong in the south. This year, Zhao Wanli was 36 years old.
Wanli and his cousin Zhang Jinxian fell in love freely and got engaged. On September 28, 1926, Zhao Wanli presented his cousin Jinxian with the inscription "Song Mingjia Words" and "Xiaoshan Words" engraved by the Ming Chongzhen Mao Clan Jigu Ge, and the cover inscription read: "Jia Zi Xia Dian read it." Remember sister Yi Xuan. Seven days after the Mid-Autumn Festival. "It's a graceful thing. On February 7, 1932, Pu Jiangqing had a diary record of Zhao Wanli and his wife stirring up their mouths at home: "In the afternoon, Fei Yunli invited Yu to his home, and Zhi Zebi read the newspaper while arguing with his wife. The little two quarreled, and Jiang Qing "hey but out", this sentence is really vivid. Wanli read the newspaper while mixing his mouth, this scene, but also let us see it and feel interesting. At this time, the Wanli family should be living at No. 1, Kongde West Lane, Dong'anMen.
Zhao Wanli, a native of Haining, Zhejiang, was born in the 31st year of the Qing Dynasty, on May 7, 1905, and died on June 25, 1980, at the age of 76. Haining, historically under the jurisdiction of Hangzhou, was directly under the jurisdiction of Zhejiang Province in the first year of the Republic of China, and was assigned to Jiaxing after May 1949. "The Haining Zhao clan is a descendant of the Zhao and Song dynasties, and the Northern Song Dynasty Jing Kang changed to the south and settled in Haining." ("Mr. Zhao Wanli's Long Genealogy") I don't know if Mr. Zhao Wanli had ever thought of the "green pepper" years when he was in the National Peking Library when he died. That should also be a warm memory in Wanli's heart, right?
Zhou Weiqiang