Source: Yuxi Daily - Yuxi Network
□ Chen Jia, all-media reporter of Yuxi Daily
In recent years, driven by the market, policy guidance, brand drive and benefits, the city's citrus industry has developed rapidly, and by the end of August 2021, the city's citrus planting area has reached 355,200 mu. At present, the citrus industry in our city has formed two advantageous areas of Huaning and Xinping, the variety structure has been continuously optimized, and the citrus industry has become a bright business card of modern agriculture with plateau characteristics in our city.
However, it should also be noted that due to the impact of the market, the replacement of citrus varieties is very fast, and the "chip" of the citrus industry - seeds (seedlings) is still a short board. In order to enhance the competitiveness of the citrus industry, since 2017, the city has actively used biodiversity to vigorously excavate the high-quality "bud change" genes of different citrus varieties, develop its own citrus "chips", and specially held citrus "bud change" selection skills competitions in Huaning County and Xinping County, excavated high-quality "bud change" genes, and continued to incubate new varieties of citrus with strong adaptability and local characteristics.
Seeds are like locomotives
Seeds are like locomotives, and seeds are the "chips" of agriculture. "As a large citrus growing prefecture (city) in Yunnan Province, Only by vigorously excavating the high-quality 'bud change' genes of different citrus varieties, developing their own citrus 'chips', and participating in the research and development of agricultural 'card neck' topics can they build their own development foundation in the increasingly fierce market competition." Yang Yunguang, director of the Yuxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station, told reporters.
Zhang Zhijun, chief of the planting industry management section of the Yuxi Agricultural and Rural Bureau, also believes that the Yuxi citrus industry must develop healthily and sustainably, and it must attach great importance to the selection of "bud change". From the perspective of market sales, today, when homogenization competition is becoming increasingly serious, we need to have our own independent intellectual property rights. From the perspective of industrial development, having its own high-quality varieties is a guarantee for improving the anti-risk ability of the citrus industry. From the perspective of cultivation history, high-quality varieties have won the opportunity for our city to seize the market.
Practice has proved that early citrus dominates the market, which is an example of the success of the city's use of biodiversity in the selection of citrus varieties. It is understood that the cultivation of citrus in our city originated from Lufeng Village in Huaning County, Qing Dynasty, and has a history of more than 100 years. By the 1980s, experimental demonstrations such as the Niushan Citrus Experimental Field and the Xincun Citrus Farm in Huaning County had been successful, and the scale of citrus cultivation in Huaning county had expanded year by year. In 2011, the "Encyclopedia of Chinese Famous, Special and Excellent Citrus" listed the low-heat river valley area in our city as the most suitable characteristic area for citrus cultivation in China, and Yuxi citrus ushered in the spring of industrial development.
In the 20th century, the city introduced the colonization of rock sugar orange, Thomson navel orange, Newhall navel orange, Miyamoto, Oura, Miyagawa, Xingjin, Lime Neonatal Line No. 3 and other citrus varieties, using biodiversity after years of testing and screening, and finally determined the industrial pattern of Huaning County with Wenzhou mandarin orange series as the main and Xinping County as the main ice candy orange series.
In the face of increasingly fierce competition in the citrus market, a major factor in the success of the citrus industry in our city is to make full use of the advantages of climate and soil, work the word early, take early as the first, select and breed high-quality varieties, so that the city's production of extra-early ripening, early-ripening Wenzhou mandarin oranges mature 40 days to 50 days earlier than other domestic production areas. On this basis, the city has also increased its efforts to cultivate varieties that mature earlier, always maintain the advantages of early maturity and marketing and good sales prices, and do a good job in the article "Seeds are locomotives".
Pay attention to the selection of "bud change"
Enhance the competitiveness of the citrus industry
Although the citrus industry in our city is booming, the "disease" of the industry cannot be ignored, and it is imperative to fully explore the citrus "bud change" resources, screen high-quality "bud change" genes, cultivate varieties with independent intellectual property rights in Yuxi, and improve the core competitiveness of products.
Based on the importance of varieties, in 2017, 2018 and 2019, our city held three sessions of Yuxi Citrus "Bud Change" Selection Skills Competition in Xinping County and Huaning County. Each citrus "bud change" selection skills competition has hundreds of citrus samples to participate, through the selection of citrus samples in the appearance and internal quality and other "bud change" excellent gene competition, mining, discovery and screening out high-quality "bud change" plants, the excellent traits stable and development prospects of the varieties further observation and test, and finally through the identification, cultivated into a local variety with Yuxi independent intellectual property rights, thereby improving the core competitiveness of yuxi citrus industry.
In recent years, the city has widely publicized and mobilized citrus growers and growers to actively discover new excellent "buddy" varieties using biodiversity. Zhu Fang, a horse farm group of the Chunyuan Village Committee of Xinping County, told reporters that his family planted 20 acres of ice sugar oranges, and since 2017, under the guidance of the Xinping County Cash Crop Workstation, he has done "bud change" selection work.
"In recent years, Xinping County has introduced about 5 new citrus varieties from the Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences every year, and has introduced a total of 27 new citrus varieties. At present, an excellent 'bud change' variety selected and bred has been preliminarily identified and reported to the provincial seed station for filing and registration. Pu Jin'an, director of the Xinping County Cash Crops Workstation, said.
At the same time, the city makes full use of biodiversity resources and strengthens cooperation with scientific research institutes. In 2007, the national early maturing citrus experimental station was built in Niushan, Huaning; in 2016, the "Modern Citrus Experimental Station of the Yunnan Thermal Area of the Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences" was established in Xinping; in 2017, the Yuxi Experimental Station of the Fruit Industry Technology System of Yunnan Province was settled in Huaning. In recent years, through cooperation with the above-mentioned experimental stations, the city has made new progress in the research and development of citrus "bud change" selection, as of now, the city has reserved 4 citrus "bud change" breeding varieties, and cultivated 2 varieties with independent intellectual property rights to apply for registration.
Grasp the initiative of the development of the citrus industry
Under the market conditions of biodiversity and variety diversity, whoever controls the seeds will grasp the initiative in agricultural development. With the upgrading of consumption and changes in market demand, China's citrus production has changed from the past quantitative scale and extensive development to quality and efficiency and refined development. Varieties with high sugar, low acid, seedless, early and late ripening, resistant to storage and transportation, long shelf life, beautiful appearance, abundant and stable yield, non-splitting fruit and other comprehensive excellent varieties have become market darlings.
In the past 30 years, the city has introduced 7 types of 65 varieties, using biodiversity has carried out citrus variety comparison experiments, citrus variety display, citrus varieties and excellent rootstock screening and other research work, screening out the early maturing varieties suitable for planting in our city Wenzhou mandarin Miyamoto, Dapu, Miyagawa, Xingjin, medium-ripening xinhui orange, improved orange, brocade orange, hamulin, navel orange, Deng er orange, da hongpao red orange, late ripening species wrinkled citrus, etc., and carried out large-scale promotion and planting.
At present, Wenzhou mandarin orange varieties account for 37.5% of the total area of citrus in the city, orange varieties such as rock sugar orange and navel orange account for 35.5%, and miscellaneous citrus and other varieties such as wo citrus, Maogu citrus, lime citrus and other varieties account for 27%. Among them, Wenzhou mandarin orange matures 40 to 50 days earlier than other domestic production areas, and rock sugar orange matures 10 to 20 days earlier. Wenzhou mandarin orange and rock sugar orange, as the two major "Hua Dan" of the current citrus strain in our city, play a pivotal role in promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the citrus industry.
In recent years, the city has strengthened the protection of biodiversity, increased the intensity of variety breeding, worked the work of variety reserves, continuously introduced tests, demonstrations and promotion of new varieties, and accelerated the breeding of local varieties with independent intellectual property rights by mining high-quality bud change genes, thus maintaining the core competitiveness of citrus in the market in our city.
This article is from [Yuxi Daily - Yuxi Network], which only represents the author's views. The National Party Media Information Public Platform provides information dissemination services.
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