"Children here, I would like to ask you, what is your ideal? What kind of person do you want to be? At Tanbu Middle School in Guangning County, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, Peng Yina, granddaughter of martyr Peng Pan, an early leader of the Communist Party of China, is giving a special speech for the students – "A man born and died from an ideal." Offstage, the children looked up and listened intently to the story of this Chinese youth from a hundred years ago.
"A person who lives and dies from ideals", this is the evaluation of Peng Pan's compatriot and famous folklorist Zhong Jingwen after the founding of New China. In 1896, Peng Pan was born in Haifeng, Guangdong Province, a landlord family, one of the richest families in Haifeng, as Peng Pan himself once said, "The annual income is more than 1,000 stone rents, and the total number of peasants, men, women and children under the jurisdiction is no less than 1,500 people." ”
At Tampoo Middle School in Quang Ninh County, female middle school students gathered around Peng Yina at the end of the speech to exchange feelings. A hundred years ago, Peng Pan's deeds of having ideals in mind and paying everything for national rejuvenation and national liberation infected the children
However, Peng Pan, who was born into a landlord class family, was particularly sympathetic to the oppressed laborers. As he grew older, seeing that the people were faced with the miserable days of increasingly deep imperialist plunder, warlord scuffles and exploitation by the landlord class, Peng Pan, like most of the awakened young people at that time, with vigor and ideals, tried to explore a way to save the country and save the people.
"Among the children of my grandfather's generation, my grandfather was very much valued by his grandfather. In 1917, he was sent to Japan to study, and his grandfather hoped that he would have a good diploma and return to work as an official in the provincial capital. "However, my grandfather himself went to study abroad to find a way." ”
Statue of Peng Pan martyr in the former residence of Peng Pan in Haifeng County
Peng Pan's goal is very clear. In 1918, he was admitted to the Political Economy Department of Waseda University, and he said to a friend: "I chose this kind of major in order to study the political economy of our country in the future and aspire to reform." During his studies, Peng Pan also had a great interest in agricultural theory, and often asked his classmates who studied at the Faculty of Agriculture at Tokyo Imperial University. In Japan, Peng Pan came into contact with Marxism and confirmed his lifelong beliefs. In October 1920, Peng Pan and his friend Li Chuntao and others initiated the organization "Red Heart Society" in Tokyo, the word "Red Heart", indicating that they would "concentrate on studying Russia" and learning the socialist road.
"After coming into contact with Marxism, my grandfather's thinking changed dramatically. He began to realize that human suffering was caused by the economic system, and that therefore, in order to liberate all mankind, it was necessary to overthrow the irrational economic system. In 1921, Peng Pan returned to China, and the ideological trend of the "May Fourth" new cultural movement had begun to spread to Haifeng, and progressive young people rushed to read articles written by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao.
In the tide and practice of the revolution, Peng Pan gradually realized that the revolution could not succeed if the broad masses of workers and peasants were not mobilized. He was determined to betray his class, go into the countryside to popularize revolutionary ideas, burn the deeds in front of the peasants, and break with the old world once and for all. Since then, Peng Pan has embarked on a new journey and begun to engage in the great practice of the peasant movement.
At the end of 1924, the peasant movement set off in Guangning County was counterattacked by the landlord class, and Peng Pan was dispatched by the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China to guangning to command the battle for several months and won victories, completing the great initiative of the revolutionary army to help the peasant army with its first armed forces. This green mountain was the place where he had fought
In 1923, Peng Pan led the establishment of the "Haifeng General Farmers' Association" and was elected as its president. In 1924, during the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, the Executive Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee decided to open a peasant training institute in Guangzhou on the basis of Peng Pan's proposal to cultivate the backbone of the peasant movement. Peng Pan, Ruan Xiaoxian, Mao Zedong, and other Communists successively presided over the work of the training center, and more than 800 trainees trained went to all parts of the country to carry out revolutionary work, and the seeds were spread all over the land of China.
On January 1, 1926, "Chinese Peasant" was founded in Guangzhou, edited by Mao Zedong, and Li Dazhao, Peng Pan, Lin Boqu, Ruan Xiaoxian and others were all contributors
"In the process of practice, the group of '90s' of the twentieth century represented by my grandfather also gradually discovered that social change is not a scholarly theory, but a real sword." Standing in front of peng pan's former residence in Guangning County, Peng Yina sighed. At the end of 1924, the peasant movement that arose in Guangning County, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, was countered by the landlord class, and Peng Pan led an ironclad convoy to direct the elimination of the landlords' reactionary armed forces, and the ironclad convoy of more than 100 people became the first armed force directly controlled by the Communist Party of China. Because of Peng Pan's outstanding contributions to leading the peasant movement, Mao Zedong called him the "King of the Peasant Movement" in China.
In 1926, Peng Pan was at the Peasant Movement Training Institute. Because Peng Pan led the organization of large-scale peasant associations and peasant movements, Mao Zedong called him China's "king of the peasant movement"
After the collapse of the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, Peng Pan, as one of the organizers, led the "Nanchang Uprising", fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and then withdrew from Nanchang and went south to Guangdong with the army, and established the earliest local Soviet power in China, the Hailufeng Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Soviet Government. Peng Pan was arrested in Shanghai in 1929 at the age of 33.
In the memorial hall of the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Training Institute, there is an endless stream of visitors
At her home in Guangzhou, Peng Yina displays her collection of old photographs of her grandfather. She cut and pasted the album by hand
The villagers of Shegang Village in Guangning County heard that Peng Pan's descendants were coming, walked out of the house like greeting relatives, and talked with Peng Yina enthusiastically, hoping that she would often come back to see
"At a time when the revolution was at its worst, this group of young people was convinced that the revolution would eventually triumph and that the Chinese people would live happily ever after." Peng Yina said that she has also been thinking about what is it that communists do not hesitate to abandon their good lives, are not afraid to sacrifice their lives, and go to the soup for the fire and fight for it all their lives. The answer, she argues, is a belief — for the benefit of the broadest masses of the people— and that is Marxism. Peng Pan's faith is also like the poem he once wrote: "The wizards of Lei Luo sing Datong, and longjin shallow borrows the hidden dragon." May the suffering of the world be eliminated and all be in the day of Yao Yun Shun. Today, Peng Yina often tells the children about the deeds of this group of young people a hundred years ago, and she hopes to infect the next generation with the spirit of revolutionary martyrs, so that everyone can live vigorously for the ideal and mission.
(Original title: Life and Death in the Ideal)
Source: Beijing Daily | Reporters Zeng Ziqian and Fang Fei
Process Editor: u023
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