【Centennial Pioneer】Peng Pan: "King of the Peasant Movement"

"Party Building" magazine co-produced by communication university of China

Peng Pan, whose original name was Peng Hanyu, was born in 1896 in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province, and joined the Communist Party of China in 1924, an outstanding leader of the Chinese peasant movement and one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China. With his short life, he made a major contribution to the Chinese revolution, and his life was a glorious life, a revolutionary life, and a life of fighting.

Peng Pan came from a wealthy family of industrial and commercial landlords. At the beginning of 1917, He went to Japan to study. Under the influence of the October Revolution in Russia, he began to study socialist doctrine and Marxism, and actively participated in the anti-Japanese patriotic movement.

After returning to China in 1921, he joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in Guangzhou and was invited to serve as the director of the Haifeng County Education Bureau, preparing to start with education to carry out the practice of social revolution. However, due to the strength of the feudal forces, Peng Pan's desire to educate and save the country was soon shattered. Thus he "made up his mind to go to the countryside to carry out a practical movement" and thus embarked on a new revolutionary road.

Peng Pan took off his suit, put on a pointed bamboo hat, burned his own deeds in public, and traveled to various rural areas to propagate the revolutionary principles to the poor peasants, calling on the peasants to organize and fight for their rights and interests. He successively organized the establishment of the "Six-Member Farmers' Association" and the "Chishan Yo-Farmers' Association", and in January 1923, he led the establishment of the Haifeng County General Farmers' Association. Under his leadership and influence, the peasant movement in Guangdong rose rapidly.

After the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, Peng Pan, who had joined the Communist Party of China, served as secretary of the Peasant Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee and director of the Peasant Department of the Guangdong Provincial Party Department in accordance with the arrangements of the Party organization. From July 1924 to the end of 1925, he served as the first and fifth directors of the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Training Institute, and concurrently served as a teacher of the previous Agricultural Movement Institute, training a large number of backbone peasant movements for Guangdong and even the whole country.

Peng Pan paid attention to summing up the experience of the peasant movement from theory, and his "Haifeng Peasant Movement" expounded the inevitability, necessity and regularity of the peasant movement, which was the first monograph on the peasant movement in the history of the Communist Party of China, and he was also known as the "king of the peasant movement".

Peng Pan was also the founder of the Hailufeng Revolutionary Base Area and the Dongjiang Revolutionary Base Area. At that time, Haifeng presented a vibrant revolutionary scene and was called "Little Moscow".

After the defeat of the Great Revolution, Peng Pan participated in the launching of the world-famous Nanchang Uprising and served as a member of the Committee of Former Enemies. After that, he returned to Guangdong and concurrently served as the secretary of the Dongjiang Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, devoting himself to the creation of a rural revolutionary base area. Under his leadership, in November 1927, the third armed uprising of Hailufeng was victorious, the Hailufeng Soviet power was established, the "Land Confiscation Case" was adopted, and the agrarian revolution of great historical significance was carried out.

The development of the Hailufeng Soviet power caused great panic among the Kuomintang reactionaries. In March 1928, the enemy gathered a strong force to invade Hailufeng, but due to the disparity between the enemy and our forces, the Soviet power of Hailufeng, which lasted for more than 4 months, was declared a failure. Peng Pan led the Red Army and peasant armed forces to move to the area around the Great Southern Mountains.

In August 1929, Peng Pan was arrested by the Kuomintang reactionary authorities for informing traitors. In prison, he was tortured but still had an iron backbone, used the enemy's court as a forum to denounce the evil deeds of the reactionaries, and tried every means to rescue his imprisoned comrades, fully demonstrating the revolutionary integrity of a Communist who regarded death as a homecoming. On August 30, Peng Pan and his comrades-in-arms sang the "International Song" and walked to the execution ground, heroically fighting in the voice of "Long live the Chinese Red Army" and "Long live the Communist Party of China", at the age of 33.

The hero is speechless, and the spirit lives on. Today, the memorial hall of the former site of the Red Square Site of Haifeng Red Palace, the activity center of the Hailufeng Soviet regime led by Peng Pan, has become a national key cultural relics protection unit and a national patriotic education demonstration base.

(Written by: Shan Wei Unit: Central Academy of Party History and Documentation)

The source | Party Building Network

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