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He was a "rich second generation" whose family had "land properties that crows could not fly", but he burned all his land deeds and became a proletarian.
He took off his white suit and hat, lived in a green brick house, and led the masses on the road of the peasant movement, which Mao Zedong called "the king of the peasant movement."
He opened the Peasant Movement Training Institute, was the first director of the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Institute, and led the establishment of China's first red power, the Hailufeng Soviet Government.
His name was Peng Pan, one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of China and an outstanding leader of the Chinese peasant movement.
(Peng Pan)
In 1896, Peng Pan was born in a feudal family of large landlords in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province, with the name Tianquan and the scientific name Hanqing. In the spring of 1917, Peng Pan went to Guangzhou Guangfu Middle School to study, and in the summer of the same year, with a strong desire to seek the truth of saving the country and the people, he traveled east to Japan to study, taking the name Peng Pan. In 1918, he was admitted to the Faculty of Political Economy at Waseda University in Japan, and participated in the patriotic movement of Chinese students.
(Peng Pan when studying at Waseda University in Japan)
In July 1922, Peng Pan, Zhang Ma'an and six other people established Hailufeng's first peasant association, the "Six-Member Peasant Association", which ignited the flame of the peasant movement. In January 1923, the Haifeng County General Farmers' Association was established, with Peng Pan as its president. Peng Pan formulated the flag for the General Peasants' Association and drafted a provisional charter and charter. In July of the same year, the peasant movement expanded to 10 counties, including Lufeng and Huiyang, and Peng Pan successively established the Huizhou Farmers' Federation and the Guangdong Provincial Farmers' Association.
In January 1924, the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang led by Sun Yat-sen achieved cooperation, which effectively promoted the development of the workers' and peasants' movement. In April, Peng Pan went to Guangzhou, where he was transferred from a member of the Chinese Socialist Youth League to a member of the Communist Party of China, and served as the secretary of the Peasant Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, responsible for handling ministerial affairs. From July 1924 to September 1926, Guangzhou held the first to sixth peasant movement training institutes. Peng Pan served as the director of the First and Fifth Peasant Movement Training Institutes, and served as a teacher at the Second, Third, Fourth and Sixth Peasant Movement Training Institutes, teaching courses such as "The Status of the Peasant Movement in Haifeng and Dongjiang" and systematically disseminating the experience of the peasant movement. His lectures are easy to understand and simple, and are very popular with students. Under the auspices of Peng Pan, the Peasant Movement Training Institute organized students to study Marxism-Leninism, the theory of the National Revolution, the methods of carrying out the peasant movement, conduct strict military training for students, and cultivate students into cadres who can both publicize and organize the masses and lead the armed struggle. His "Report on the Haifeng Peasant Movement" was selected by Mao Zedong, director of the Sixth Peasant Movement Training Institute, to be included in the "Peasant Question Series" and became an important document guiding the peasant movement.
(Statue of Peng Pan in the former site of the Guangzhou Peasant Movement Training Institute)
In June 1925, a provincial-Hong Kong strike broke out in Guangzhou and Hong Kong in solidarity with the Shanghai workers' anti-imperialist struggle. Peng Pan, who returned to Guangzhou with the Crusading Army to participate in quelling Liu Yang's rebellion, actively launched and organized peasants in the province to support the strike, organized the peasant self-defense army to fight side by side with the workers' pickets, inspected "enemy goods", cut off the supply of rice and vegetables in Hong Kong, and refused to trade with British businessmen.
In March 1927, peng Pan and Mao Zedong initiated the organization of the Provisional Executive Committee of the All-China Farmers' Association, and served as an executive member and secretary general. After the defeat of the Great Revolution, Peng Pan went to Nanchang to join the Party's Committee of Former Enemies with Zhou Enlai as secretary and participated in leading the Nanchang Uprising. The 1987th Party Congress elected the Provisional Politburo, who was elected a member of the Politburo and later a member of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. At the end of October, he returned to Hailufeng and instigated an armed uprising.
In November 1927, Peng Pan led the establishment of the Hailufeng Soviet power. In the first half of 1928, the peasant armed forces led by Peng Pan, together with some troops of the Red Fourth Division of the Guangzhou Uprising led by Ye Yong and Xu Xiangqian, carried out armed struggle in the areas of Hailufeng, Puning, Huilai, and Chaozhou, expanding the revolutionary base areas and consolidating and defending Soviet power. In November 1928, Peng Pan was elected a member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee and was ordered to go to Shanghai to serve as secretary of the CPC Central Committee, member of the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee, and secretary of the Military Commission of the Jiangsu Provincial CPC Committee.
In August 1929, Peng Pan was arrested for betrayal by traitors and imprisoned in Shanghai Longhua Prison. In prison, he was unyielding and fought heroically. Faced with death threats, he said: "As long as I have a breath, I will fight for the cause of communism to the end!" He firmly said: "For the sake of our children and grandchildren to fight for a happy life, even if you sacrifice your life, you will not hesitate."
(Peng Pan's letter to Zhou Enlai in prison before his death)
On August 30, 1929, Peng Pan and his comrades-in-arms Yang Yin, Yan Changyi, and Xing Shizhen sang the Internationale, shouting "Down with imperialism!" "Long live the Chinese Red Army!" "Long live the Chinese Communist Party!" And so on, heroic sacrifice, only 33 years old.
(Video: Yuan Shijie Producer: Zhu Wenting, Lin Jiayuan, Part of the material source: CCTV News)