Sima Yan: Mother regent, uncle dictatorship, fierce general rebellion, a lifetime of emperors
Text/Lao Zhang is on the road
In the second year of Sima Shao Taining of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (324), after sima Shao, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, quelled Wang Dun's rebellion, his weak body soon collapsed.
On the second day of march in the third year of Taining (325), Sima Shaoli's eldest son Sima Yan was made crown prince. On August 19 (October 12), Sima Shao summoned Dazai, Sima Xi the Prince of Xiyang, Situ Wang Dao, Shangshu Ling Bian Hu, CheQi General Xi Jian, Protector General Yu Liang, Leading General Lu Ye, and Danyang Yin Wenyu to accept the edict together and assist Sima Yan, crown prince.
On August 25 (October 18), Sima Shao died of illness in Dongtang at the age of 27. The most promising emperor in the history of the Eastern Jin Dynasty died young, leaving the Sima Dynasty with a faltering mess.
On August 26 (October 19), The Crown Prince Sima Yan took the throne as Emperor Cheng of Jin.
Sima Yan (321 – July 26, 342), reigned (reigned 325–342), courtesy name Shigen, was the third emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The eldest son of Sima Shao, Emperor Ming of Jin, and the half-brother of Sima Yue, Emperor Kang of Jin, was empress dowager Yu Wenjun of Mingmu.
Sima Yan was born in the first year of his father Sima Shao's reign as emperor, and when his father Sima Shao died, Sima Yan was only 4 years old and was born in the imperial family, and the doll also had to sit on that dragon chair. Because of his young age, his mother Empress Dowager Yuwen came to the court to listen to the government.
Yu Wenjun (296–328), a native of Yingchuan Yanling (present-day Northern Yanling, Henan), was the third daughter of the zuo general Yu Chen, the sister of the powerful minister Yu Liang, and the empress of Sima Shao, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty.
Yu Wenjun has a kind temperament and a beautiful posture. When Emperor Yuan of Jin heard about it, he hired her as the crown princess of Sima Shao. He had sons Sima Yan, Emperor Of Jincheng, and Sima Yue, Emperor Kang of Jin.
After the death of Sima Shao, the Emperor of Jin Ming, Sima Yan took the throne, because Sima Yan was too young, and the ministers asked Yuwen Jun to come to the regency of the dynasty.
Yu Wenjun repeatedly resigned, but the courtiers all advised her to put the overall situation first. She had to agree, saying, "I am a female streamer, how can I take on the heavy responsibility of the imperial court?" When the time comes, I'll step back as soon as I get out. ”
During Empress Yu's regency, while appointing Yu Liang as shang shu ling, she also appointed Wang Dao to this position, and the two jointly undertook the task of assisting the government.
Wang Dao was a wise man, and he was in charge of everything by Yu Liang, and he himself retreated to the back. The actual power of this new group was in the hands of Empress Yu's brother Yu Liang. After Yu Wenjun announced that he would bow to the government, he returned to his palace and never asked about political affairs anymore.
Yu Wenjun was young and widowed, but her good education enabled her to adhere to the so-called women's way of feudal society, she did not make any scandals, and she has always been strict with her mother's family. Some ministers proposed to posthumously honor Yu Wenjun's parents, but she firmly refused. She also often warned her brother Yu Liang and urged him to govern impartially.
After Yu Liang came to power, he threw aside his sister's words. He was too into the drama and regarded Sima Jiangshan as his own Yu clan. On the one hand, he rejects Wang Dao, and seems to be avenging the Sima family; On the other hand, he was suspicious of local officials, which eventually led to the rebellion of the Liyang general Su Jun.
Speaking of which, Sima Shao Sima Yan's father and son were also sad enough. Sima Shao served as emperor for just three years and encountered the rebellion of Wang Dun. In the end, Wang Dun's rebellion was calmed down, and Sima Shao's body was also dragged down. When his son became emperor, he was not yet an adult, and he encountered the rebellion of Su Jun.
The rebellion of Su Jun, also known as the rebellion of Su Jun and Zu Yue, broke out in the second year of Xianhe (327), the third year of Xianhe (328) Su Jun was killed in battle, Xianhe was four years, the remnants were eliminated one after another, and the war had to end.
Su Jun and Zu Yue were both imperial court officials of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and commanders of the displaced people under their respective command. The rebellion of Su Jun and Zu Yue began with the move of Sima Shao, the Emperor of JinMing, to lure exiles into the Weijing Division during Wang Dun's rebellion.
Originally, after Sima Rui, the founding emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, entered Jiankang, he was deeply suspicious of the displaced commanders who led the people from the south, and generally stayed in the north and south of the Huai River and did not cross the river. For example, although the famous Zu Ti led the displaced people across the river to Jingkou (present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), he was not allowed to stay for a long time, that is, to return to the Central Plains. Su Jun originally led the crowd to Guangling, but was soon ordered to fight in the Huaibei area.
Wang Dun raised an army to the east and defeated liu kui and Dai Yuan, who had come to the rescue of the imperial court from Huaiyin and Hefei, which the Eastern Jin Dynasty relied on. Sima Shao did not have an army to deal with Wang Dun, so in the second year of Taining (323), he accepted the suggestions of Xi Jian, Huan and others, and led the Jianghuai exiles Liu Li and Su Jun into the Weijing Division, and died to quell the civil unrest.
Because of his merits to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Su Jun gradually had a high prestige, and he had tens of thousands of elite soldiers and sophisticated weapons, and was a powerful military force in Jiangbei. However, Su Jun was arrogant and indulgent, and even more took in outlaws and criminals who were hiding and fleeing. Among them, in the first year of Xianhe (326), Zhongshu ordered Yu Liang to remove Sima Zong, the king of Nanton, who intended to rebel, and his henchman Bian Xian's brother Bian Xian fled to Su Jun, and although Yu Liang ordered Su Jun to return Bian Yan, Su Jun did not obey.
Yu Liang therefore decided that Su Jun was a scourge that would one day cause chaos.
Zu Yue also participated in the crusade against Wang Dun and defended Shouchun to defend the north. Zu Yue believed that his fame and seniority were not under Xi Jian and Bian Xi, but he failed to become an auxiliary chancellor ordered by The Ming Emperor Sima Shao, so he always believed that it was the result of Yu Liang's tampering with the edict. Zu Yue therefore felt that the imperial court had abandoned him, and he was very resentful and even more resentful.
In October of the second year of Xianhe (327), Yu Liang, despite the persuasion of his courtiers, forcibly recruited Liyang Neishi Sujun to serve as the grand secretary of the central government, in order to deprive him of his military power and eliminate hidden dangers in the imperial court. Su Jun did not comply, so he joined forces with Shi Zuyue of Yuzhou to jointly raise an army against Yu Liang, and a new turmoil broke out.
Su Jun's troops were strong and well-armed, and with zu Yue's cooperation, they quickly marched to Jiankang City, and the officers and soldiers were defeated one after another. Yu Liang threw away his armor, left his sister and nephew The Little Emperor, who was the empress dowager, and hurriedly fled with his three younger brothers to Seek Yang and defect to Wen Zhao.
In February of the following year, Jiankang was lost and hundreds of officials were scattered. Only a few ministers, such as Wang Dao and Lu Ye, were left to guard the little emperor. Su Junle entered the palace, Wang Dao held the little emperor and sat on the throne, Zhong Ya and the Right Guard general Liu Chao waited to stand around, looking righteous and awe-inspiring, Su Jun did not dare to go to the temple to meet these people.
Su Jun declared himself a general on horseback and a recorder of shangshu, arbitrarily ruled the government, abused hundreds of officials, beat ministers, and stripped naked soldiers and women, doing whatever he wanted, because Wang Daode was highly respected, Su Jun still let him official take up his original position and ranked ahead of himself. The rebel generals Lu Yong and Kuang Shu persuaded Wang Dao and other ministers to kill them, and Su Jun respected Wang Dao and did not agree.
Su Jun also forced Sima Yan to move to Shicheng, put the little emperor and the empress dowager under house arrest in a barn, and ran every day to shout and curse, cursing all kinds of ugly words.
In the face of this situation, Wang Dao also began to be afraid, worried that a catastrophe was coming, at this time he could not care about the little emperor, and hurriedly fled with his two sons to Baishi outside the city.
It was not until the rebellion subsided that Wang Dao returned to Stone City and asked his men to bring the festival given to him by Emperor Sima Rui of the Yuan Dynasty, and Tao Kan teasedly said, "Su Wu Festival does not seem to be like this!" Wang Dao was full of shame and had no place for himself, and hurriedly asked people to put away the festival.
The Rebellion of Su Jun lasted for one year and four months, causing great damage to Jiankang City; the soldiers and people fled, the hundred industries were abandoned, and the palace room of the Zongmiao Temple was reduced to dust.
After Su Jun captured Kyoto, Empress Yu died of grief and resentment. After the death of the empress dowager, the war was calmed down, and wang dao and Yu Liang were still assisted by the government.
After another 13 years after Su Jun's rebellion, on the fifth day of the first month of June in the eighth year of Xiankang (342), Sima Yan was unwell and ordered his brother Sima Yue the Prince of Langya to inherit the throne; on the seventh day of June, he died in Xitang at the age of 22, with the title of Emperor Cheng, the temple number Xianzong, and was buried in Xingping Tomb (present-day Jilong Mountain, Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province).
(The picture in this article is a network information)