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Text: Anti-inflammatory pills (reading history columnist)
In 254 AD, Shu Jiang Wei attacked Wei Heguan and Lintao counties, and the war continued; Huan Of wu failed to murder Sun Jun of Xiangguo, and the brutal and cruel Sun Jun killed him, setting off a bloody storm; the state of Wei in the north was not peaceful, Sima Shi deposed the Wei emperor Cao Fang as the king of Qi, Li Feng, Xiahou Xuan of Taichang and a number of other high-ranking officials were executed, and everyone in Luoyang, the capital of the State of Wei, was killed.
In the chaotic world of bloody rain and wind, Cao Cao's great-grandson, Cao Pi's grandson, and the 14-year-old Noble Township Duke Cao Xi succeeded to the throne.
For Cao Xian, the people of the time have a high evaluation.
Chancellor Zhong would say that he was "only with Chen Si, wu class Taizu." "King Chen Si is Cao Zhi, and Taizu is Cao Cao."
The Wenxin Carved Dragon Chronology states that Cao Xian "is still a young lord, only noble and elegant, Gu Pan hehezhang, and his words become a theory". He had an article in his eyes, and his speech became a theory.
The "Spring and Autumn of the Wei Dynasty" says, "The public god Ming Shuangjun, Deyin Xuanlang." "He's not only talented, but also good looking.
Maybe not to be an emperor, Cao Xian will be a great literary scholar who has flowed through the ages; perhaps born decades earlier, Cao Xian will also be a clan nobleman who has made a difference.
But fate seemed to have played a joke on him, arranging for the talented man to be a puppet emperor at the mercy of others. But even if he burned out his life, he also wanted to break free from the arrangement of fate, and he was stabbed to death before he was 20 years old, creating a tragic history.
01. Expectations
Originally, after Cao Fang was deposed, the emperor Sima Shi wanted to establish was not Cao Xi, but Cao Cao's son, Cao Zhao, the King of Pengcheng. However, Empress Guo, the wife of Emperor Cao Rui of Wei, disagreed.
Empress Dowager Mingyuanguo said, "King Pengcheng, my uncle Ji, is now here to stand, what should I do?" And the Ming Emperor should be the heir? I think that the noble township duke, the eldest grandson of Emperor Wen, the disciple of Emperor Ming, Yu Li, Xiaozong has the righteousness of Emperor Dazong, and his detailed discussion. ”
The reason given by Empress Guo was that the Cao Zhao that Sima Shi wanted to establish was Cao Cao's son, the uncle of the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui, and she was Cao Rui's wife, and the establishment of Cao Rui meant that Emperor Wei Ming had cut off his sons and grandchildren, and Yu Li was not able to understand, and she was also an embarrassing empress dowager, and her generations were chaotic.
The identity of Empress Guo was placed there, and the Chuanguo Jade Seal was also in her hands, and Sima Shi did not dare to come hard. Moreover, no matter which emperor was appointed, it was Sima Shi who held real power, which did not have much impact on the political situation.
In the end, Sima Shi consulted with the Qunchen and, according to Empress Guo's arrangement, welcomed Cao Xi as emperor.
There were so many descendants of the Cao clan, why did Empress Guo choose Cao Xi as emperor? When the officials and the empress dowager asked for the jade seal and prepared for the enthronement ceremony, the empress dowager left this answer: "I have seen the noble township prince, and I have known it since I was a child, and tomorrow I want to give it with a seal." ”
Empress Guo had seen him when Cao Xian was a child, and it must have been Xiao Cao Who had left a deep impression on Empress Guo, who chose Cao Xi to inherit the throne. This also means that Empress Guo has certain expectations for Cao Xian.
02. Ascension to the throne
Cao Xian, who had just entered the palace, did not disappoint Empress Guo and the hundred officials of the Qunchen, and at the age of 14, he showed maturity beyond his age.
Although everyone on earth knows that the honor guard invited Cao Xi from Shandong to Luoyang, Henan, to become emperor. But before he officially ascended the throne, his status was still only a royal family, still just an ordinary courtier.
The minister invited Cao Xian to enter the front hall, and Cao Xian shook his head and said, "No, this was originally the former residence of the former emperors, and I must not live offside for the courtiers." ”
The minister knelt down to greet the driver, and all the civil and military officials came to the south of the Xiye Gate to kneel and greet the driver, and Cao Xian quickly got up and got out of the car to return the salute, saying: "I am also a human subject, sitting on an equal footing with them, and I should return to worship!" ”
Summoned by Empress Guo, when he arrived at the stop door, the entourage said that the emperor could enter the palace by car, and Cao Xian insisted on getting off the car and walking, he said: "I was only summoned by the empress dowager today, and I don't know what happened to summon me, so I should still stop the car." ”
Judging from the entire process of ascending the throne, Cao Xian has always been clear about his positioning, behaved decently, is naturally generous, and has won unanimous praise, and all the civil and military officials have praised him, it can be said that the 14-year-old Cao Xian's debut on the throne can play a "full score".
03, Shaokang
Cao Xian is not only a good teenager who knows how to be polite, but also a good child who loves to learn.
In February of the first year of Ganlu, on the occasion of a banquet for his courtiers, Cao Xian raised the question of whether Xia Shaokang and Han Gaozu's ancestor Liu Bang were superior or inferior. In his debate with the masses, he strongly admired Xia Shaokang, believing that Shaokang's historical achievements were higher than Liu Bang's.
Liu Bang is very familiar to everyone, who is Xia Shaokang?
Xia Shaokang is a historical figure in the Xia Dynasty, and it is said that the current "wine" is the first time he brewed it, but Cao Xian admired him, not because he loved to drink, but because Xia Shaokang achieved a great reversal in life and achieved a counterattack as a fugitive prince, known in history as "Shaokang Zhongxing".
Shao Kang's father, Xiang Xiang, was a monarch of the Xia Dynasty and was killed by the traitor Han Hun. ShaoKang fled to the Kingdom of Yu, and with the help of tribal strength, joined forces with the remnants of the Xia Hou clan to defeat Han Hun and restore the rule of the Xia Dynasty. Therefore, it became the object of Cao Xi's admiration.
Through this debate, Cao Xian actually announced his political declaration to his courtiers that he would revitalize the Wei state like Shao Kang.
He issued a declaration of "lord of Zhongxing", and also made the appearance of "lord of Zhongxing", as soon as he ascended the throne, he set an example by example, was diligent and thrifty, ordered the reduction of Tianzi's carriage and horse clothing and harem expenses, and seriously discussed classic works such as "I Ching", "Shang Shu", and "Li Ji" with scholars in Taixue, reflecting certain academic insights.
04. Breakout
The image of a saint who loves the people like a son, practices strict economy, and acts diligently and prudently is about to come out, but unfortunately he has ambitions and ambitions, but he does not have the environment of "lord of Zhongxing".
Cao Xi strived to strengthen his own power through various methods, unite outstanding talents, and seek opportunities to divide the Sima Group.
He often co-opted a group of scribes in the name of literature. "Wei Gaoguixiang is a good talented man, and he hopes to meet pei xiu, Wang Shen, and Zhong Hui and meet with relatives, and count the banquet feasts." Public nature is urgent, xiu and other internal positions, urgently called to come. In order to look at the foreign officials, he specially gave the chasing car a ride, and the five people were greedy. ”
That is to say, Cao Xian often held cultural salons in the palace, gathered a group of literary lovers to chant poems together, and Wang Shen, The Scattered Rider Chang Shi Pei Xiu, and the Yellow Gate Waiter Zhong Hui were all in the internal post, and it was very convenient to participate in the party, Sima Wang was a foreign post, Cao Xian was anxious, and every time there was a gathering, he sent a stormtrooper to the outside to welcome Sima Wang into the palace.
However, this is not a simple literary and art gathering, in addition to their literary talents, these people are more or less "historical stains" in the eyes of the Sima faction, and they are the objects that Cao Xi wants to strive for.
Both Pei Xiu and Wang Shen were expelled by Sima Shi's political enemy Cao Shuang (曹爽) and made them their rafters subordinate, "and Shuang Jie, so that the officials were spared".
Sima Wang was the son of Sima Fu. Sima Fu was a figure in the Sima clan who had a very warm attitude towards the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and When Qi Wang Fang was deposed, Sima Fu was "overwhelmed with sorrow".
Cao Xian tried his best to pry open even a single gap in Sima Shi's power building, but it was still impossible to get. Wang Shen and Pei Xiu, whom he regarded as his confidants, ran to inform Sima Zhao as soon as they learned that he was about to raise an army to assassinate Sima Zhao.
Sima Wang, who was regarded by him as a good friend, "although he saw favors, every time he did not feel at ease, he asked for it from the west, and he was the general of the Western Expedition, the governor of The Festival, and the governor of yongliang and the two states." Fearing that sima Zhao would be suspicious because of the emperor's favor, he requested to be transferred from the post of lieutenant protector to the great northwest as a general, and exiled himself far away.
And Zhong Hui, who has been Sima Zhao's man from beginning to end, is a pawn of Sima Zhao's surveillance of Cao Zhao's literary gathering.
The edifice of Sima Shi's power was always in front of the young Cao Xian, who rushed left and right under the huge shadow, but he could not break through the shroud of this shadow.
05. Counterinsurgency
The gonggong of the court was on the ground, and the widow of Cao Wei in the wilderness was difficult to support.
Yiqiu Jian was a relict of Cao Wei who had made great achievements in battle, who had pacified Liaodong, conquered Korea twice, and repelled Eastern Wu.
In the year that Cao Huan ascended the throne, Wu QiuJian was angered by Sima Shi's deposing of the Wei emperor Cao Fang, changing Cao Fang to the throne, and flouting Cao Wei's imperial power, and he raised an army to fight to the death.
History did not have a miracle, under the disparity in military strength, the weak Wuqiu Jian was quickly eliminated, but his sacrifice was not meaningless, Sima Shi was seriously injured in the process of counterinsurgency, and in the process of Banshi's return to the dynasty, the old disease recurred and died.
Cao Huan also took advantage of this opportunity to order Sima Zhao to stay in Xuchang and ordered another general, Fu Hui, to return the army to Luoyang.
Cao Xi planned to take advantage of the brief vacuum of power after Sima Shi's death to deprive Sima Zhao of his military power. Unfortunately, Sima Zhao did not pay attention to Cao Xian's "holy will", and returned to the dynasty with a big swing, successfully completing the transfer of power.
Cao Xian's blatant resistance to Sima Zhao's will was helpless.
The successor to the post of General of Zhennan in Wuqiu Jian was Zhuge Birthday.
When Sima Zhao had just taken charge of the imperial government, he sent his confidant Jia Chong to test Zhuge Cheng's attitude toward practicing Zen concessions, and Zhuge Zhi righteously rebuked Jia Chong with a clear statement: "If there is a crisis in Luozhong, I am willing to die for the country." ”
Less than a year later, Zhuge Zhi joined forces with Eastern Wu to rebel against Sima Zhao, and this time Sima Zhao was wise enough not to give Cao Xian half a chance, and directly took Cao Xian and Empress Guo with him to suppress the rebellion, and also called it "Imperial Driving Pro-March".
Although Zhuge Zhi united with Eastern Wu, he only struggled to support him for more than half a year. Without any suspense, Zhuge Zhi was also eliminated, and from then on, looking at the territory of the State of Wei, there was no military force that could balance Sima Zhao.
06. Resistance
After Zhuge Was destroyed, Sima Zhao's authority became heavier and greater, and Cao Zhao's authority went away.
Sima Zhao pressed forward step by step, trying to make Cao Xi crown him "Nine Xi", in history, the crown "Nine Xi" is almost synonymous with usurpation, leaving only the fig leaf of "Zen Rang".
"Gango follows the popularity, and the martial horse follows the goose", this is one of the few fragments of Cao Xian's articles that have been circulated in the world, and the words and lines all reveal the atmosphere of heroic martial arts and heroic spirit.
He's not a scumbag.
On the sixth day of the first month of may in the fifth year of Ganlu (June 1, 260), Cao Xian, who could not bear it, issued a cry that has been passed down through the ages: "The heart of Sima Zhao, passers-by know it!" ”
He could not bear the humiliation of waiting to be deposed, and wanted to "raise an army" to "crusade" sima Zhao.
Although there were only more than three hundred of his troops, although a considerable number of these three hundred people, except for the emperor's guards, a considerable number of them were civilian ministers and palace servants who had no combat effectiveness, and although among these civilian servants, there were still people like Wang Shen and Wang Ye who were ill-intentioned and ran to Sima Zhao to inform Sima Zhao at the first time, but this did not shake Cao Zhao's determination in the slightest, and Cao Xian personally took the sword, drove the car, and took more than three hundred people from the palace in a mighty way to challenge Sima Zhao, who had hundreds of thousands of heavy troops in the open and upright land.
At the palace gate, he met Sima Zhao's younger brother Sima Ling and his subordinates, who had heard the wind, and perhaps Sima Ling did not want to bear the charge of "killing the king" and retreated.
Then, they met Sima Zhao's adviser Jia Chong and his men, and the two sides officially began to fight, Cao Xian took the lead and personally held a sword to fight, with the identity of the emperor there, Jia Chong's people did not dare to harden and retreated step by step.
At this time, Jia Chong said to his subordinate Chengji, "Sima Gong raised you people precisely for today! Cheng Ji immediately pulled out Chang Ge and went forward to assassinate Cao Xian and kill him under the car.
A young emperor under the age of 20 fell.
07, later
When Cao Xian started the army, he said, "This time we will not necessarily die." ”
Indeed, although he was only treated as a puppet emperor, he was always the emperor in name. The courtiers dared to suppress the emperor in power and to usurp the emperor in ceremonies, but they were always afraid to destroy the emperor physically. After all, it is necessary to carry the infamy of the people of the world, and the insult of eternity.
When Sima Zhao heard the news of Cao's death, his first reaction was to be shocked and he fell to his knees on the ground. Jia Chong, who led the killing of Cao Xian, was not accused of killing the king until decades later, when he was accused by the chancellor Yu Chun of the crime of killing the king.
Cheng Ji, who personally killed Cao Xian, was seated by Sima Zhao, who was under tremendous pressure from public opinion.
If Cao Xian endured it any longer, I believe that Sima Zhao would not kill him in the end. Cao Fang's predecessor, Cao Fang, was deposed in 254 and died of illness in 273 at the age of 43. Cao Huan's successor emperor, Cao Huan, was usurped in 265 and died of illness in 302 at the age of 58.
Maybe Cao Xian can endure it again, maybe he can also be like Cao Fang and Cao Yi, a rich man with no worries about food and clothing, and elegant style.
But Cao Xi is Cao Xi, and the heavens have given him a talent, and he is unwilling to be manipulated by others and willing to be a puppet.
Wang Bo of the Tang Dynasty believed that Cao Xian "had more than enough public decisions, but not enough depth." ”
If Cao Xian's assassination deployment was more thorough and his mentality was more calm, would the results change?
"I'd rather be a noble township duke than a Han Xian emperor!"
More than two hundred years later, in 530 AD, Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei, who was also a puppet emperor, issued such a bold statement.
Under careful planning, Yuan Ziyou successfully booby-trapped and killed the powerful ministers Erzhu Rong and Yuan Tianmu. However, within three months, he was captured by Erzhu Rong's younger brother Erzhu Zhao, who went north and hanged him at the third-level Buddhist temple in Jinyang at the age of 24.
After all, it is still up to strength to speak.
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