One day in March 1949, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and other central leaders sat on a train coming from Xibaipo, accompanied by bumps in the distance, looking at the ancient city wall of Beijing looming in the distance, and their emotions were very high.
After the train arrived at the station, Mao Zedong, who was full of red light and walking like a fly, stepped off the train and said humorously to Zhou Enlai next to him: "Enlai, today is the day of 'entering Beijing to catch the examination', how can I do if my spirit is not good?" ”
When Zhou Enlai heard the chairman's words, he laughed out loud and said, "Then I wish us all passed the exam and did not get returned!" ”
"Haha, we are resolutely improper Li Zicheng, we will definitely be able to get a good result!" Mao Zedong said with a smile.
Laughing, Ye Jianying came with the greeting team, and Mao Zedong looked at the familiar scenery in Beijing and suddenly recalled the "North Drift" time he spent at Peking University 30 years ago.
"Thirty years! When I came to Beiping in search of the truth to save the country, I suffered a lot, and later met a very good person, that is, Comrade Li Dazhao, and it was under his influence and teaching that I became a staunch Marxist. Mao Zedong recalled the past and said with great emotion.
"Comrade Li Dazhao is my real teacher, and if it weren't for Li Dazhao, I wouldn't know where I am today!"
It is a pity that Comrade Li Dazhao has long been sacrificed and has not been able to see the day of the victory of the revolution, but Mao Zedong has never forgotten Li Dazhao, let alone the glorious years he experienced with Comrade Li Dazhao 30 years ago!
Pictured| Li Dazhao
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="13" >, "drifting north" for the sake of finding a way to save the country</h1>
In the winter of 1918, the ancient and bustling city of Beijing was covered with snow, and under the cover of the vast snow, there were countless young people with lofty ideals who had the fiery patriotic heart.
Mao Zedong, Luo Zhanglong, Li Weihan and other young people who were preparing to go to France for work-study came to the city of Beijing thousands of miles away and found a place called "Three Eyes Well" to settle down, where many poor "North Drift" young people lived. At that time, Mao Zedong and seven people were crowded in a room, and at night, 8 people were crowded into a clay kang to sleep, one person next to another, Mao Zedong wanted to turn over and talk to everyone, and then everyone turned over together.
In such a living environment, Mao Zedong's sleep time has naturally shrunk a lot, he gets up early every day, and then goes for a walk in the park in Beijing, the young Mao Zedong not only felt the biting wind and snow in Beiping, but also saw the early spring containing vitality and hope, thick solid ice covered the North Sea, and the plum blossoms on the shore bloomed in the wind and snow, such a beautiful and strange scene made Mao Zedong in the confusion have a little more hope.
In the first few days of arriving in Beijing, Mao Zedong and his fellow villagers ate at street stalls, and the cost of eating and drinking in a day was very high and not in line with taste. Luo Zhanglong suggested that everyone should not buy rice noodles to cook and eat by themselves, so as to save a lot of money, Mao Zedong very much agreed with Luo Zhanglong's suggestion, and quickly organized everyone to go to the street to buy rice and noodles.
At that time, transportation was not as developed as it is today, and rice was a rare "luxury" in Beijing, which was undoubtedly a kind of torment for southerners who were accustomed to eating rice. Mao Zedong wandered the streets for a morning, and finally bought only a bag of fried rice and a bundle of green onions, and when he returned, everyone fried the noodles, then made into a batter, and seasoned them with green onions and salt, which was a good meal.
However, such a meal is simply tasteless for the spicy Hunan people. These "North Drift" youths go out to work for a day, and when they come back, they drink a bowl of such batter, and even those who hit the iron can't bear it.
A Manchu woman in the neighborhood often hid behind the window of her home to observe Mao Zedong and others, and when there was something to say, she sent her own children to pass on the news, and when she saw these young people drinking batter at home every day, she was very distressed, so she took advantage of the fact that there was no one on the street to sneak into the courtyard of Mao Zedong and others to teach several young people to steam steamed buns.
At that time, there was also an old man who delivered water in the Three Eyes Well called Lao Hou, who often came to deliver water to Mao Zedong and others, and everyone became familiar with it when he came and went. Lao Hou is a native of Shandong, very good at making pasta, after learning of the difficulties of Mao Zedong and others, he moved cooking utensils from his home, cooked for Mao Zedong and others every day, Lao Hou did not want to work, only hoped that everyone could share a few steamed buns to eat.
In this way, Mao Zedong and everyone lived by eating steamed bread and pickles every day, going to the reading room of the library of Peking University during the day to read and study, and returning to the small courtyard of the Three Eyes Well to talk to the stove at night.
This impoverished life lasted for quite some time, until Mao Zedong met his "nobleman" Li Dazhao.
At that time, Peking University was the dissemination center of the new cultural movement in China, Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Hu Shi and other celebrities were the leaders of the new cultural movement, they all worked at Peking University, and Mr. Cai Yuanpei, president of Peking University, also very supported the new cultural movement, advocating a hundred schools of thought and brave innovation, providing a fertile soil for the development of the new cultural movement.
When Mao Zedong came to Beijing, Li Dazhao became the director of the library of Peking University, in addition to the daily work of the library, Li Dazhao propagated the new cultural movement among the students and seriously studied Marxism-Leninism, and at that time a large number of patriotic young people of Peking University surrounded Li Dazhao, and Li Dazhao became the thought leader of the advanced youth in Beijing.
At the Peking University Library, Mao Zedong met Li Dazhao for the first time.
On that day, the snow in Beijing was very heavy, Mao Zedong was reading in the library reading room to keep warm, when he was holding a pile of books and passing an office in the southeast corner of the Red Chamber, a gentleman in the office wearing an old robe, old cloth shoes, a round face and a black beard, and round-rimmed glasses looked at Mao Zedong, and the two looked at each other, mao Zedong's mood suddenly became tense, but the gentleman nodded to Mao Zedong with a kind smile.
Later, Mao Zedong learned that the gentleman with round-rimmed glasses was Li Dazhao, the leader of the well-known new cultural movement.
At that time, Mao Zedong had not had a formal job, and the coils on his body were almost finished, and he was about to lose his life, so Mao Zedong helplessly found his mentor, Mr. Yang Changji, and asked him to help him find a job.
Yang Changji introduced Mao Zedong to Li Dazhao and Cai Yuanpei, and the fate between Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong began.
Pictured| Yang Changji
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="28" > Second, what if Mao Zedong had no food</h1>
In September 1918, under the introduction of Yang Changji and the recommendation of Cai Yuanpei, Li Dazhao arranged a temporary errand for Mao Zedong, mainly responsible for managing Chinese and foreign newspapers in the second reading room of the Peking University Library, with 8 oceans per month.
Many people say that Mao Zedong was serving as an assistant to the Peking University Library at that time, but Peking University did not have the position of assistant at that time, in addition to the library director Li Dazhao, there were teaching assistants, clerks, secretaries and miscellaneous staff at the bottom.
Teaching assistant is responsible for helping students read, mainly selected from the previous graduates, the work of the clerk is more difficult, mainly by the senior Peking University staff, the handyman is a typist, bookbinder and cleaning staff, the secretary's work content is relatively extensive, most of the cases are recruited by the newbie, so Mao Zedong is still very suitable for this position.
Jiang Menglin, the former acting president of Peking University, also said in his recollection that when Li Dazhao came to the principal's office, he solemnly said to him: "What if Mao Zedong has no food to eat?" ”
Jiang Menglin pondered for a moment and asked, "Why don't you let him run a cooperative like before?" ”
Li Dazhao waved his hand anxiously and replied, "It doesn't work, that one has already gone bankrupt." ”
Jiang Menglin thought that Li Dazhao was the director of the library, so he asked, "Then can you arrange a position for him in the library?" ”
Li Dazhao nodded and said that this was feasible, and Jiang Menglin continued: "Go and be the secretary of the library!" ”
Then, he picked up a pen and paper and wrote a note to Li Dazhao, which read: "Send Mao Zedong as the secretary of the library!" ”
Later, Mao Zedong's classmate Xiao Zisheng also recalled this incident, when Mao Zedong's economic situation was very embarrassing, he wrote to President Cai Yuanpei, hoping that Cai Yuanpei could arrange a job cleaning the classroom for him, Cai Yuanpei received the letter, immediately wrote a letter to Li Dazhao, asking Li Dazhao to arrange a job for Mao Zedong, the position is "library secretary".
Therefore, it is very likely that Mao Zedong was serving in Peking University at that time, with a monthly salary of 8 yuan, which was actually very low in Beijing at that time, and Lu Xun in the same period could get a salary of more than four hundred yuan a month.
Pictured| young Mao Zedong
Because of his work, Mao Zedong had to deal with Peking University students every day, including Luo Jialun, Fu Sinian and others who later led the New Culture Movement, and Mao Zedong was very interested in these people and hoped to be friends with them, but Mao Zedong, who came from the south and spoke a thick Hunan accent, did not attract the attention of Fu Sinian and others.
Mao Zedong also visited Hu Shi, a "foreign doctor" who had returned from the United States; although Hu Shi was only two years older than Mao Zedong, he had already hung up the title of "professor," had eaten foreign bread, drunk foreign ink, and naturally ignored Mao Zedong, who was the secretary of the library.
They do not know that the "library secretary" they despise is the famous "twenty-eight painters" in Hunan. Long before coming to Beijing, Mao Zedong had already published many articles in the New Youth, and one of them, "A Study of Sports", once published, set off a huge wave among the vast number of young people.
Figure | "New Youth"
Mao Zedong's pen name "Twenty-Eight Painters" is also gradually known to the world, this article was carefully selected by Chen Duxiu from many manuscripts, although the writing is not sophisticated enough, but the views and insights in it are thought-provoking, coupled with the fact that "New Youth" rarely publishes articles on sports topics, Chen Duxiu chose to publish Mao Zedong's manuscript.
"Studies in Sports" is the earliest published article by Mao Zedong, who was deeply influenced by ideas such as democratic reformism and utopian socialism, but the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal ideas were unmistakable.
However, after coming to Beijing, where Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, there were not a few young and promising talents like the "Twenty-Eight Painters", and Peking University at that time was a place where talents and celebrities from all over the country gathered, and Mao Zedong instantly seemed a little eclipsed. Under this psychological gap, Mao Zedong chose not to forget his original intention and humbly seek advice, no matter how much he ate behind closed doors, or actively ran on the road to study.
Of course, not everyone treated Mao Zedong in this way, and Yang Changji and Li Dazhao treated Mao Zedong very sincerely, and both of them provided Great Help to Mao Zedong.
Mao Zedong in this period originally had the idea of studying abroad, but Li Dazhao's empty valley foot sound at Peking University deeply attracted the young Mao Zedong, and it was precisely because of Li Dazhao's influence that Mao Zedong dismissed the idea of studying abroad. Recalling his state of mind at that time, Mao Zedong said: "I did not know enough about my own country at that time, and I should spend more time to understand my own country." ”
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="49" > third, without Li Dazhao, I don't know where today</h1>
Li Dazhao is not only Mao Zedong's "boss", but also Mao Zedong's "life mentor", the first time the two talked, Li Dazhao had a great interest in this young man with a long body and a southern accent, Mao Zedong was a peasant from Shaoshan, but his words and deeds were full of national feelings, and he also had many unique views on the current situation.
Li Dazhao was a few years older than Mao Zedong, but he had become a "Mr. Shouchang" respected by everyone, but he showed great enthusiasm for Mao Zedong, not only asking questions and answering Mao Zedong's questions, but also often taking the initiative to find Mao Zedong to chat and talk, and the two often read Marxist-Leninist books together and exchanged views and feelings with each other.
The first time Mao Zedong came to Beijing, he stayed for about half a year, of which he spent three or four months with Li Dazhao, but in three or four months, Mao Zedong's whole person underwent great changes, especially in the ideological field, Mao Zedong changed from a confused patriotic youth to a staunch Marxist.
Recalling the years of studying Marxism-Leninism with Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong said with great emotion: "Without Marxism, where would the Communist Party come from?" Mr. Li Dazhao is a propagandist of Marxism, and his published articles and books are all! ”
In addition to Mao Zedong, Li Dazhao also influenced a large number of advanced young people, making them staunch Marxists, including a large number of anarchist youths, who were influenced by the ideas of Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei, watched some anarchist pamphlets, and very much agreed with the anarchist ideas.
Picture | patriotic youth explore the way to save the country
But since Li Dazhao, some progressive young people with keen thinking have begun to read Marxist articles and pamphlets, and the Bolshevik revolution in the Soviet Union has officially entered the hearts of the Chinese people.
During his tenure at Peking University Library, Mao Zedong not only solved his own livelihood problems, but also had the opportunity to freely observe and participate in school activities in the school, which was a rare opportunity for Mao Zedong, who came from a peasant background.
The first academic group mao zedong joined was the "Journalism Research Association" jointly organized by President Cai Yuanpei and journalist Shao Piaoping, which was originally created to cultivate journalistic talents and make up for the gap in domestic education in the press.
Mao Zedong not only learned professional news writing knowledge in the Journalism Research Association, but also established a deep friendship with Shao Piaoping. Ms. Shao was arguably China's top journalist of the 1920s, but she cared deeply for Mao Zedong, who came from an ordinary background, and often helped Mao Zedong in his life.
Later, Mao Zedong founded the Xiangjiang Review, and most of the news knowledge he used was learned from Shao Piaoping. Since joining the revolution, Mao Zedong has always maintained the habit and hobby of writing, and when the Party Central Committee withdrew from Yan'an in 1947, xinhua news agency published a press release written by Mao Zedong himself, and its sharp words, majestic momentum, and flowing writing structure were all amazing!
It can be seen that the news knowledge taught by Shao Piaoping was of great help to Mao Zedong, and Mao Zedong has always been very grateful to Shao Piaoping, and in an interview with american journalist Edgar Snow, Mao Zedong also said with great emotion: "Shao Piaoping is a person full of enthusiasm, ideals and excellent qualities... I am a student of Shao Piaoping! ”
Picture | Shao Piaoping
In April 1919, mother Wen Qimei was seriously ill, Mao Zedong knew and hurried back to Hunan, not long after, the May Fourth Movement broke out, Mao Zedong set up a student federation in Hunan, actively responded to this unprecedented anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement, in the process of the movement, the students gradually shifted their targets to the Hunan warlord Zhang Jingyao, in December, Mao Zedong led the students of the "Exorcism Movement" petition group to Beijing again, just arrived in Beijing, he went to see Mr. Li Dazhao.
Li Dazhao was naturally very happy about Mao Zedong's arrival, and he gleefully told Mao Zedong about his preparations for the establishment of the Marxist Theory Research Association, and also talked to Mao Zedong about young students going abroad to work and study.
A few days later, Li Dazhao introduced Mao Zedong to the Young China Society, where Mao Zedong came into contact with many patriotic young people of his age, and also saw the ideological divisions that had just emerged from the awakening of the youth of that era.
This time, Mao Zedong spent another six months in Beijing, where he became acquainted with Chen Gongbo, Shao Piaoping, Tan Pingshan, and other celebrities who were at the forefront of the times, and under the influence of Mr. Li Dazhao, he became a thorough Marxist.
From the original aimless and unbeknownst to the "young man drifting north", Mao Zedong became a staunch proletarian fighter, and from this period onwards, his faith in Marxism has never wavered!
Although Li Dazhao did not teach Mao Zedong a single lesson, he was regarded by Mao Zedong as his "true teacher", and Li Dazhao's leading role in Mao Zedong on the road of Marxism was very important, which completely changed Mao Zedong's life and changed China's future.
In March 1949, after the peaceful liberation of Peiping, Mao Zedong came to Beijing by train with great joy to prepare for "entering Beijing", and after Ye Jianying's greeting team arrived, Mao Zedong quickly stepped off the train and stepped forward to hold Ye Jianying's hand tightly.
Pictured| Mao Zedong
Looking at the ancient city of Beijing in front of him, Mao Zedong was full of emotions in his heart, and suddenly recalled the stormy years when he came to Beiping 30 years ago and walked with Li Dazhao, Yang Changji, Chen Duxiu and others.
Mao Zedong said with great emotion: "It has been 30 years since I first arrived in Beijing, when I was running around to seek the truth of saving the country, and fortunately I met Comrade Li Dazhao. Comrade Li Dazhao is my real teacher, and if it were not for Li Dazhao, I would not know where it would be today! ”
It is no exaggeration to say that it was precisely with the help and guidance of Li Dazhao that Mao Zedong became a staunch Marxist, and Mr. Li Dazhao made great contributions and selfless sacrifices in order to propagate Marxism in China, and his spirit is always worth learning from us!
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="61" > four, north and south echo, mutual influence</h1>
In the early spring of 1920, the Marxist Mao Zedong left Beijing and rushed to the frontline of the grassroots, actively launching a peasant movement, and throughout the summer, Mao Zedong was "practicing Marxism"!
In 1923, mao zedong and Li Dazhao both came to Guangzhou to attend the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China, at which the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China discussed the Kuomintang issue, at which both were elected as members of the Central Executive Committee, and Mao Zedong was also elected as one of the five members of the Central Bureau.
Photo | Sun Yat-sen and Li Dazhao (first from right)
In 1924, at the first national congress of the Chinese Kuomintang, Li Dazhao was elected as a member of the Kuomintang Central Executive Committee, and Mao Zedong was elected as an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee, which was also the first time that Communists participated in the leadership work of the Kuomintang organs. When they left Guangzhou, Mao Zedong and Li Dazhao both agreed to see each other next time, but neither of them had imagined that this separation would become a farewell!
Because of the needs of revolutionary work, Li Dazhao and Mao Zedong could not see each other again for a long time, but the two have maintained a close correspondence exchange, especially in Marxism, and the two have reached an unprecedented agreement, and they have echoed each other from one south and one north, and have made great contributions to the Chinese revolution.
Unfortunately, Comrade Li Dazhao gave his young life for the revolution prematurely, and his departure made Mao Zedong very sad. Since Li Dazhao's departure, Mao Zedong has always been unforgettable in the glory days when the two men fought side by side.
Whenever he talked about the history of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong thought of Li Dazhao and repeatedly called li Dazhao his "real teacher."