Speaking of the "black-clad prime minister", the average person will think of the Daoyan monk Yao Guangxiao, who assisted Zhu Di in the Ming Dynasty. In fact, in the Yuan Dynasty, there was also a "black-clad prime minister", who was the Zicong monk Liu Bingzhong who "participated in the conspiracy of the curtain and fixed the great plan of the society" in the process of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the pride of the Xingtai people</h1>
Liu Bingzhong (1216-1274), first known as Kan, was born in Ruizhou. Since his great-grandfather served as an envoy to Xingzhou in the Jin Dynasty, he lived in Xingzhou (邢州, in modern Xingtai, Hebei), so he became a native of Xingtai from his grandfather Liu Ze. Xingtai is the birthplace of Liu Bingzhong and the place of activity in his youth, the former residence of Liu Bingzhong in his youth, on the east side of the Qingfeng Building in the old town of Xingtai City. The cemetery of him and his family, west of the village of XingtaiJia, still exists.
Liu Bingzhong's family had been officials for generations since the Liao Dynasty, and in the first two years of his birth, the Mongol army ravaged Xingtai, and the family took refuge in Mount Wu'an. When he was a teenager, he and Zhang Wenqian and Zhang Yi "classmate Purple Mountain" formed a deep friendship. After the three of them became adults, they all took the word from a "Zhong" character, Zhang Yi character "Zhongyi", Liu Bingzhong character "Zhongqian", and Zhang Wenqian character "Zhongqian". The three of them later founded the most brilliant school of the Yuan Dynasty, the Xingzhou School.
Xingtai Purple Mountain
Liu Bingzhong is the pride of Xingtai people, and in 2016, he also held an 800th birthday commemoration event for him.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the descendants of the Cao Dong Sect</h1>
When Liu Bingzhong was seventeen years old, he served as the lingshi of the Xingtai Jiedu envoy, and Liu Bingzhong was not willing to be a sword and pen official, and he had the idea of being born. He once lamented to people: "Life is limited, but the world is better to have a pole?" I'm breathtaking! ”
Liu Bingzhong lived in seclusion in Wu'an Mountain, first studying with the Quanzhen Daoists. "Bitter skeletons, sweet and indifferent, outside the house, and dwell with the true Path."
At that time, the Zen master of Tianning Temple cherished his talent, so he summoned him to become a monk with the title of "Zi Cong", at this time Liu Bingzhong was 23 years old.
This Zen master was a high-ranking monk of the time, a descendant of the Shaolin sect of the Five Sects of Zen Buddhism, cao dong sect, and was known as "reincarnated Huineng". And Liu Bingzhong also performed the sixteen-character legal system, commonly known as "Liu Taibaozong".
Liu Bingzhong is known in Buddhist circles as the "descendant of the Cao Dong Sect", but he is also closely related to the Linji Sect of Zen Buddhism, and some people say that he once "returned to Linji".
In 1242, The northern leader of the Linji Sect, Master Haiyun, introduced him to Kublai Khan, which was a turning point in Liu Bingzhong's life and the beginning of his political career.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > chief designer of Dayuan</h1>
At this time, Liu Bingzhong was 27 years old, "beautiful in wind and bones", "heroic in ambition", and "on the world's affairs like fingers", and soon won the love of the 28-year-old Mongolian prince. Since then, Liu Bingzhong has remained at Kublai Khan's side as an aide, saddle up his horse, and never leave. Kublai Khan, on the other hand, was very good at him, "all conquests and conspiracies are with him."
In 1251, Liu Bingzhong went to the "Book of Ten Thousand Words", the main contents of which were: adopting the Han law and ruling the country with Confucianism; setting up schools and selecting talents; forbidding the slaughter of the city and stabilizing the people; lightly servitude, reducing taxes; building water conservancy, and persuading farmers to sang. "Adopting the Han law and governing the country with Confucianism" is the core of its governing philosophy, "Imperial China should do Chinese things."
Kublai Khan admired it and said, "As Ru said, the world can be ruled without labor." ”
In 1260, after Kublai Khan achieved hegemony in the Central Plains and established the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Bingzhong's governing concept of "adopting Han law and ruling the country with Confucianism" was basically adopted, and other contents were also implemented in national construction.
Liu Bingzhong also formulated a set of rules and regulations for the Yuan Dynasty in accordance with the model of the Central Plains Dynasty, established a perfect state institution and bureaucratic system, and promoted the political, economic, and cultural development of the Yuan Dynasty.
In the early days of the Mongol state, there was neither a national name nor a year name, and the name "Great Mongolia" was used after the founding of Genghis Khan in 1206. In 1271, Liu Bingzhong suggested that Kublai Khan, taking the meaning of "Dazha Qianyuan" in the I Ching, rename Mongolia "Dayuan", which is the origin of the name of the Yuan Dynasty.
Liu Bingzhong, who had been involved in military aircraft affairs at Kublai Khan's side for more than twenty years, had always been a monk, and people called him "Secretary Cong". In 1264, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, asked him to return to the world, and he honored Liu Bingzhong as the Grand Master of Guanglu, the Taibao, and the Counselor of Zhongshu Province. He also married the daughter of Dou Mo, a scholar of Hanlin, to Liu Bingzhong as his wife, after which Zicong changed his name to Liu Bingzhong.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > architect in Shangdu</h1>
Liu Bingzhong's glorious contribution in history was to build the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1256, Kublai Khan ordered Liu Bingzhong to build a new city north of the Jinlian River, which was completed three years later and given the name "Kaiping". In 1260, Kublai Khan took the throne here, and Kaiping became the temporary capital. In 1263, Kublai Khan decreed that Kaiping Province should be the capital of Shangdu, which became the summer capital of the Yuan Emperor to escape the summer and handle the affairs of the dynasty.
Yuanshangdu has a unique design, reasonable layout and scientific planning, which is an amazing masterpiece of the organic integration of Mongolian and Han cultures, and still has a reference role for architects.
Ruins of Yuan Shangdu
In 1267, Liu Bingzhong presided over the design and construction of the Yuan capital.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the first generation of Taoist Liuding Shrine</h1>
After Liu Bingzhong was born, he first came into contact with the Quanzhen Sect, which was extremely popular, although the time was relatively short, but the Taoist culture had a deep influence on him, and cultivated his simple and free, indifferent and pure character.
He had close ties with Taoists. Zhang Sanfeng, the ancestor of Wudang Mountain, and Leng Qian, the lengmian mr., in Jin Yong's "Yitian Slaughtering Dragon", both had contacts with Liu Bingzhong.
He called himself a Tibetan Chunshan, and was proficient in yin and yang techniques, six doors of armor and the like. History says that Liu Bingzhong "counts the emperor's pole, and the misfortune can be decided, who is similar to it, Shao Junkang Festival." During his time at Datong Nantang Temple, the main content of his lectures was not Buddhist scriptures, but "astronomical yin and yang three-style books." In 1259, after the construction of Kaiping City, he opened an altar on Nanping Mountain to worship the Taoist god Taiyi Liuding.
In 1276, Kublai Khan gave Taiyi the seal of Master Xiao Jushou and ordered Taiyi to inherit the techniques passed down by Liu Bingzhong, and succeeded the lord of the Six Ding Shrine and the Six Ding Gods. Liu Bingzhong became the first generation of grandmasters of the Liuding Shrine to open the altar and expound the teachings.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Yao Guangxiao's idol</h1>
Liu Bingzhong is Yao Guangxiao's idol and the predecessor he has always emulated. Both are "black-clad prime ministers" with equal merit. Both of them were cattle people who penetrated the Confucian Tao, and they also knew everything about astronomical geography, five elements of gossip, and medical astrology, and they also had a hand in literature. Liu Bingzhong planned and designed Yuanshangdu and Dadu, and Yao Guangxiao planned and designed the city of Beijing. In many fields, the two seem to be on a par, on par, but in fact, Liu Bingzhong is slightly superior.
Liu Bingzhong founded the Xingzhou School, which Yao Guangxiao could not compare. In addition, Liu Bingzhong was also a feng shui public opinion scholar, and created the "Pingsha Jade Ruler Classic" and the "Jade Ruler New Mirror", which Yao Guangxiao could not compare.
Yao Guangxiao bowed to Liu Bingzhong and was ashamed of himself. During his time in Beijing, he often went to visit Liu Bingzhong's tomb. The following poem was written by him during the Spring Festival:
Fang Shi Deng'an ZangChun, Bing Dun Song Shu Cut Off Salary.
Cloud dark plain sleeping stone beasts, rain and desolation deep tunnel weeping mountain gods.
The remnants of the moss eclipse the article old, and the different generations pass on the surname to the new.
Huabiao does not have old crane complaints, and many pedestrians are tearfully stained with towels.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Guo Shoujing's teacher</h1>
Guo Shoujing was a famous scientist in ancient China, and his most famous achievement was the formulation of the most advanced calendar at that time, the Chronological Calendar. Most people are familiar with these junior high school history textbooks, but few people know that Guo Shoujing is Liu Bingzhong's student.
Guo Shoujing is also a native of Xingtai, and his grandfather Guo Rong and Liu Bingzhong are good friends. In 1250, Liu Bingzhong returned to Xingtai after his funeral, and brought back a young man named Wang Ke from Tang County, who was later taken to the Purple Mountain Academy for training. After Guo Rong heard about this, he also sent his grandson Guo Shoujing to the Purple Mountain to let Liu Bingzhong cultivate education.
Liu Bingzhong's two students, Guo Shoujing and Wang Ke, liu Bingzhong, Zhang Wenqian, and Zhang Yi were known as the "Five Masters of the Purple Mountain", and Liu Bingzhong was the core leader of the Xingzhou School.
The Chronological Calendar is not the achievement of Guo Shoujing alone, but the condensation of the painstaking efforts of every member of the Xingzhou School.
In 1986, the Guo Shoujing Memorial Hall was built in the Huitong Ancestral Hall in Beijing, and the tombstone of his teacher Liu Bingzhong was shown to him outside the door. If Guo Shoujing knew after his death, why did this make Guo Shoujing feel bad?
Liu Bingzhong's tombstone
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Kublai Khan's evaluation</h1>
In August of the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1274), Liu Bingzhong wrote the saying" "I do not live up to the world, the world does not live up to me, I am in the world, like the moon in the water, like a flower in the air." What is a flower that sinks and the moon falls? Duh! Then he meditated and fell silent, at the age of fifty-nine.
Kublai Khan was very sad after hearing the news, and he said to his courtiers: "He has been loyal to his subjects for more than thirty years, he has been cautious and cautious, does not avoid hardships and dangers, has no hidden feelings, and knows only the depth of his knowledge."
After Liu Bingzhong's death, people spoke highly of Liu Bingzhong, and Wang Pan praised Liu Gongwenzhen in the "Liu Gongwen Zhen Shinto Monument": "Ruofu assisted the holy prince to open up the rule of civilization, establish the foundation of Taiping, and the one who keeps the cause of the light, but only The Taifu Liu Gong is the head."
Among the many evaluations of the time, Liu Bingzhong was given the highest evaluation by the first person of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. He said in the "System of Gifts" that Liu Bingzhong and himself "jointly became a government, but a business of Sisi". Kublai Khan raised Liu Bingzhong to an equal position with himself, is not to say that Liu Bingzhong was also the founder of the Great Yuan Empire?
If Kublai Khan's evaluation of Liu Bingzhong is followed, then Yao Guangxiao is far inferior to Liu Bingzhong in terms of merit.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > conclusion</h1>
Liu Bingzhong was the founding father of the Yuan Dynasty and the chief designer of the Yuan Empire. He assisted Kublai Khan in unifying China, implementing Sinicization, from chaos to governance, from barbarism to civilization, and consolidated the great cause of the Yuan Dynasty in unifying China. Such a great achievement, but also can not be stained with the world, transcendent, live naturally. "The world is strong, the competition is me", is the best portrayal of it.
Liu Bingzhong is a university scholar who integrates the three religions and integrates them as one, and is also an educator who "has a peach and plum in the doorway, and a fragrant fragrance". He is the architect of Yuan Shangdu and Dadu, and he is also a unique person in the poetry and songwriting of the Yuan Dynasty.
Liu Bingzhong has a variety of colors and diverse identities, and has achieved impressive results in many fields, which is rarely compared in the long river of Chinese history. He is not only the pride of Xingtai people, but also the pride of our Chinese, and his deeds and achievements are worth excavating and studying.