Text/Zhang Yating
At the time of the Jin Yuan, China's history was facing a major turning point, the Mongol reformist nobles changed the policy of Han rule, Kublai Khan was appointed to govern the southern Han Dynasty, and recognized the importance of using the Han Dynasty to rule the Han Dynasty, so he recruited strategists and formed the Jinlianchuan shogunate. The shogunate brought together a large number of Confucians, the vast majority of whom were Han Chinese, and most of these staff members held high positions after Kublai Khan was proclaimed Khan, and later generations also called them the old lovers of the hidden residence. Then, among the talented old couples, who are the Han people who are the most valued by Kublai Khan?
It was Liu Bingzhong, who was called "the chief designer of the Great Yuan Empire" by later generations.
Liu Bingzhong was the first counselor to follow Kublai Khan and Kublai Khan's most important Han aid.
After Kublai Khan was proclaimed Khan, Liu Bingzhong was given the title of Taibao (太保) and the governor of Zhongshu (中書省), and played an important role in the political arena of the early Yuan Dynasty, and after his death, he was given the title of "Liu WenzhengGong". After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Bingzhong integrated mongolian traditions and The Han system, planned the dynastic canonical system for Kublai Khan, and influenced the direction of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty.
Why was Liu Bingzhong favored Kublai Khan? The reason is that Liu Bingzhong's academic background and style of conduct are important factors for him to be reused.
Liu Bingzhong was introduced by Master Haiyun to go north as a monk to meet Kublai Khan. The Mongol rulers were less interested in Confucianism, but the Buddhist theory of reincarnation was appealing to them, so the Mongols adopted a policy of religious protection. By this time, Kublai Khan had converted to Buddhism, and at that time, Buddhists were more likely to gain the trust of the Mongol nobility than ordinary Han Confucians. Therefore, one of Liu Bingzhong's monks' robes became a talisman for him in the shogunate of the Hidden Residence.
In the shogunate, Liu Bingzhong not only accompanied Kublai Khan as a monk, but was also favored for his proficiency in yin and yang techniques.
Mongol rulers have always attached great importance to divination, as early as the time of Genghis Khan, Yelü Chucai was highly valued for his proficiency in "pre-divination of auspiciousness"; Emperor Möngke also believed in this technique, "all actions must be carefully bowed". Therefore, Liu Bingzhong increased Kublai Khan's trust in him with his proficiency in yin and yang techniques. Kublai Khan praised him: "Faithful to the faithful for more than thirty years, careful and careful, not avoiding hardships and dangers, no hidden feelings." The essence of its yin and yang techniques, the knowledge of things, if it is in line with the contract, but the knowledge of the decay, others can not hear it. ”
In addition, Liu Bingzhong also used his own knowledge of public opinion to build Kaiping for Kublai Khan and plan the capital of Yuan, which was deeply appreciated by Kublai Khan.
Liu Bingzhong's learning is complex, not only proficient in magic numbers, but also well versed in Confucianism.
Xu Heng was an orthodox theorist who had learned to be rich in five cars at that time, but when he preached to Kublai Khan about his enrollment, it was difficult to understand, and Kublai Khan had no interest in listening to it. In contrast, Liu Bingzhong's way of teaching Confucianism to Kublai Khan was more simple and easy to understand, and more acceptable to the Mongol rulers. When Kublai Khan attacked Yunnan in the south, Liu Bingzhong always accompanied his attendants. In the Battle of Dali, Liu Bingzhong used the ancient sages as an example to advise Kublai Khan to stop the killing, and persuaded Kublai Khan to "take the world immediately, and not to rule it immediately", which not only calmed people's hearts, but also changed the mongol army's practice of burning and looting, which had an important impact on the Mongolian army's combat discipline and policy of ruling Han China.
Liu Bingzhong, who was well versed in the past and the present, and had foresight, put forward many effective suggestions for Kublai Khan. When he was in the domain, he did his best to recruit talents for Kublai Khan, who were either Confucian celebrities, or good at financial management, or had extraordinary talents, most of the people recommended by Liu Bingzhong were reused, Liu Bingzhong, together with Zhang Wenqian and other strategists, completed the great rule of Xingzhou, and played an important role in the actions of suizheng Dali and the Song Dynasty.
It can be said that Liu Bingzhong has one more layer of monk status than ordinary Confucians, and is also good at yin and yang techniques than ordinary monks, and at the same time has mastered the study of ancient and modern saints. He combined the three schools of Confucianism and Taoism into one, and bowed his allegiance to Kublai Khan for many years.
Liu Bingzhong was far-sighted and far-sighted, and through his own understanding of the han farming culture and the nomadic culture of the Mongolian steppe, he put forward a governing strategy for Kublai Khan to consider the ancient and the present. The plain language of his Book of Ten Thousand Words, which was easy to accept by the Mongol rulers, and its detailed and specific propositions were of great practical value to the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, which was at an important turning point, and liu Bingzhong became the most important Han Chinese of Kublai Khan. Liu Bingzhong's planning influenced the historical trend of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, and he became the "chief designer of the Great Yuan Empire".