<b>Wen | Xiao revival</b>
Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, Mr. Sun Li had a special love for Liu Zongyuan.
Forty-three years ago, at the end of 1978, Mr. Sun Li wrote an article entitled "On Liu Zongyuan". This article is included in Mr. Sun Li's first book, The Late Chinese Collection, published after the smashing of the Gang of Four. The book is very thin, but important and rich in content, which mainly covers three aspects: the memories of the homeland and the creation of themselves; the remembrance and remembrance of the old and the old, the old friends who have survived the disaster; and the re-reading of ancient and modern classics.
The first two aspects are not the simple nostalgia of "this night and night, the light of this lamp", but to look at reality with the past and express the feeling of today; the latter side tells Mr. Sun Li's purpose of regaining his grip on the pen as a text, which can also be regarded as a small declaration of the text. The two are interrelated and promote each other, and it can be clearly touched how the two sides of Mr. Sun Li's feelings and feelings, literature and thought penetrate each other, thus stimulating the climax of his creation in his later years.
"Talking about Liu Zongyuan" is the last article in the book. In my reading experience, I have always felt that it is the most important article in this book. It focuses on the evaluation of Liu Zongyuan's literary quality and the strength and weakness of the literati's personality.
Interestingly, the article begins with a discussion of the friendship of the literati. Mr. Sun Li said straight to the point: "My friend is one of the five Luns. The morality in this regard was taken very seriously by the ancients. "There is a considerable number of literary works that tell the story of friends in China." Then he talked about the friendship between Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan, two literary friends.
However, he did not say it deeply, and only wrote one sentence: "After Liu Zongyuan's death, his friend Liu Yuxi sacrificed again and again, and there were articles. It stopped abruptly.
This made me extra curious, even a little puzzled. Because from the beginning and end of the article, it is mainly written about the friendship between friends, the beginning begins with the ancients, and the end ends with reality, and the echo and mirror relationship before and after are obvious. Why is it that in the middle part, it is just such a stroke, and it is not written about the friendship between Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi?
The friendship between Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi was particularly prominent among the poets of the Tang Dynasty. The two of them are not only the same as the "two horses" in the Eight Simas of Yongzhen's innovation, and their political tendencies are the same; their poems are equally interesting and pursue consistency; more importantly, their characters are the same, and in the cruel reality of the time of distress, they see more and more the true feelings of pity for each other.
The latter point, for friendship, seems to be more reliable than words. In this way, when the two of them were degraded for the second time at the same time, Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Liuzhou, Guangxi, liu Yuxi was demoted to the more remote and poor Guizhou Bozhou, and moreover, Liu Yuxi also had to take his mother, who was more than eighty years old, all the way to the bumpy and long-distance bumps, boats, boats and carriages, it would take three or four months to reach Bozhou from Chang'an, how could the old man with the wind and candles bear it? Therefore, Liu Zongyuan wrote to the emperor to intercede, asking him to exchange with Liu Yuxi, and let Liu Yuxi take his old mother to the nearby Liuzhou and go to Bozhou himself.
Such a high affection and friendship, even today's literati, I am afraid it is difficult to do, not to mention that some people are too late to compete for fame and profit, where to talk about making themselves endure the pain of cutting flesh.
This is Liu Zongyuan's friendship with Liu Yuxi. In turn, Liu Yuxi was so kind to Liu Zongyuan. When Liu Zongyuan died at the age of 47, it was Liu Yuxi who took over several of Liu Zongyuan's children, swore that "the talent of the orphan is not talented, dare to promise his own son", raised these children, and trained one of his children to become a jinshi. At the same time, he fulfilled Liu Zongyuan's last wish, which took five years to finally collect and edit Liu Zongyuan's poems. As Mr. Sun Li said, after Liu Zongyuan's death, Liu Yuxi not only wrote an article "One Sacrifice and Then Sacrifice", but also devoted himself to the publication of Liu Zongyuan's anthology and personally introduced it.
The friendship between the literati, as Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi did, is really breathtaking. In history and today, it is not nothing, but it is extremely rare, and I think of the long-lasting friendship between Fang Weng and Zhang Jichang, an old friend of Sichuan. Fang Weng once had such a poem for Zhang Jichang: "The savage penghu is as cold as frost, and the inquiry is the only season chief today." The so-called "only one" is indeed rare. The so-called "savage Pontoon is as cold as frost", and the "only" in such a situation is even more rare.
Thinking about it in this way, we can more or less understand the inner potential reasons why Mr. Sun Li did not talk deeply about the friendship between Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi in "On Liu Zongyuan". Mr. Sun Li deliberately left blank space for our readers in this article. I say this for no reason, because in this article Mr. Sun Li did not say it in depth, but it is clearly involved in other articles. These articles, written during the same period as Tan Liu Zongyuan, were collected in the Late Hua Ji and the Ru Ze Ji.
In the article "On Zhao Shuli", Mr. Sun Li talked about the relationship between literati and the social environment, saying: "The situation of political struggle has also changed. In the field of superstructure, it has entered an eventful autumn, and many people have fallen. Writers are fragile and sensitive. Writers are faced with a new environment in which "reputation is destroyed in the front, and honor and disgrace are fought in the heart." Mr. Sun Li is very clear that in the turbulent environment, although many literati have suffered a bumpy fate like Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi, the fragility and sensitivity of many literati are difficult to achieve the friendship between Liu and Liu.
If you carefully read the article "On Liu Zongyuan", Mr. Sun Li mentioned that when reading Han Yu's "Liu Zongyuan Epitaph", he particularly deliberately wrote such a stroke: "In this article, I first saw the word 'falling stone' and the word 'squeezing' of the falling well. "I'm afraid this is not a hanging horn." Is it really good for the former friends not to go down the well and squeeze the well, where to talk about the same self-denial as Liu Zongyuan's request and Liu Yuxi's replacement of the exile land?
In the article "Reading Liu Yin's Poems", Mr. Sun Li had such a discussion about the simplified word "enemy", which is very interesting: "Since this 'enemy' has been simplified, the old man can become an 'enemy' by adding a casual skim. As a result, the old man has become very complicated. Such a profound, chic and wonderful but heart-wrenching statement can be used as another image supplement to the fragile friendship between the real literati.
In the article "Han Yingshan's Small Introduction", Mr. Sun Li wrote about the changes in people under such a situation: "Over the years, among the people I have interacted with, some have been different in life and death, and some have changed a lot... Even in the literary and art circles, there are constantly phenomena in which literature and art are used as a means of attachment, and those who have the potential are attached to them as friends, and those who have no power go and become enemies. In fact, this is far inferior to the intersection of the city road. Such words are painful to say, but they are the sighs of Mr. Sun Li himself after experiencing them. The literary world is "far inferior to the intersection of the city road", let alone the friendship between liu and liu.
In the article "Reminiscences of Hou Jinjing", Sun Li talked about how to comment on articles between friends. He wrote: "For a friend's work, it is not easy to write or talk about. Excessive reputation is contrary to public opinion, and blame is afraid of hurting private feelings. "The friendship between literati cannot avoid works, and works are important carriers and channels for friendship. But for the literati who maintain integrity and abide by their dignity, it is indeed difficult to talk about each other's works, so it is difficult for the literati to do the scene of liu Zongyuan's poetic works as Liu Yuxi, because it contains both private feelings and public opinions, rather than standing on the stage for the sake of awards or promotions or selling books.
From the intertextual complementarity of these articles, we can taste some of the blank meanings of friendship between literati that are not deeply mentioned in "Talking about Liu Zongyuan". Therefore, reading this paragraph in the afterword of the Late Hua Collection: "I deeply understand what Lu Xun lamented in the thirties: why the articles of the ancients mourning friends are so short, and the ending is so urgent!" At the same time, I also understood why the inscriptions and epitaphs made by famous artists were so empty. ”
This passage is concise and thought-provoking. I somewhat comprehended some of Mr. Sun Li's hidden and bitter feelings, thoughts and sighs in his heart. Even among friends, it is difficult to be able to speak the truth completely, especially for the fragile and sensitive literati, who attach great importance to the honor and can betray the name.
I don't know if Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi would have the same confusion if they lived to this day? Or do you still maintain the style of that year, withstand the test, and prove to the world that the friendship between the literati is not "far inferior to the friendship of the city"?
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