In the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi had a poem "Enthēn wěi (zhēn wěi, Qin and 洧 are the names of two rivers)": "The sunset is stationed and ridden, and the ancient feelings are cherished." Zheng Feng's changes have been exhausted, and Qin Huan is still clean. There are no soldiers and women, and there is no peony name. The poem clearly states "Huaigu", and what I feel is that even the "changing wind" of the "Book of Poetry and Zheng Feng" will disappear completely, and it will take a thousand years to go, only the water of the Qin River and the Qin River is clear, and it is not willing to give up day and night. Of course, there are no beautiful men and women by the river who pick herbs and give peony medicine in the spring, and they love and love.
Image source: Yanqing, Beijing
The beautiful scene that made Bai Ju feel nostalgic is from the "Book of Poetry, Zheng Feng, Qin Huan", the poem:
Qin and Huan, Fang Zhuo. Shi and female, Fang Bingrui (jiān, lancao, generally believed to refer to the Great Zeeland) Xi. Female "Guan Hu? "Shi Yue" is both. "And look!" Outside of The Hun, xún xū (indeed very broad) and happy. Wei Shi and the female, Yi Qi, sneered at each other and gave them a spoonful of medicine.
Qin and Liu, Liu Qiqing. Soldier and woman, Yin Qiying. Female "Guan Hu? "Shi Yue" is both. "And look!" Beyond the water, it is fun. Wei Shi and the female, Yi Qi will be teased, and give them a spoon of medicine.
The poem is a repetitive sentence, and the two chapters are consistent. The general poetic meaning is that the spring sun is warm, the spring water is flourishing, and the Qinhe and Huanhe rivers are good in spring. Men and women hold orchids and peonies in their hands, which are clean and fragrant. The girl said, "Let's go see?" The man said, "I've already visited it." "Then why not watch it again?" The banks of the Qin River and the Huan River are so spacious and so joyful. Men and women go on a spring trip together, teasing each other endlessly, and giving each other peony medicines, which is deeply affectionate.
The "spoon medicine" in the poem is an ancient writing, that is, "peony medicine". Zheng Xuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty commented: "In other words, he sent a spoon of medicine to his daughter, and he was also in love." Later, scholars who annotated the Book of Poetry throughout the ages mostly agreed with Zheng Xuan's statement. Kong Yingda of the Tang Dynasty further explained, "There are soldiers and women who are suitable for noda, holding the fragrant orchid grass. Feeling the spring breeze, tuō (with "to) picking herbs, period in the field... He also loved this woman and gave her a spoonful of herbs, and made a gesture of grace as a covenant. ”
Note that the word "grass" is the key. Carefully studying the commentary of "Mao Shi Zhengyi", it is obvious that the scholars of the Tang Dynasty believe that the sweet date of young men and women in "Zheng Feng Qinhuan" is to be carried out under the pretext of "picking herbs", and they are giving away "spoon medicine herbs", most likely not the delicate and beautiful peony flowers we think!
Ah, it's not a peony flower! So, what about them making a handful of peony seedlings?
Why?
The ancestors of the "Book of Poetry" era collected peony sprouts, or collected peony sprouts with roots, in addition to the love of the above analysis, in fact, there is a very realistic functional basis, people collect "vanilla" peony, is used both medicine and food. Even, as late as the Han Dynasty, Sima Xiangru, Mei Cheng, Yang Xiong, etc., in their great famous texts, still wrote "the sum of peony medicine", "the sauce of peony medicine", "the sum of sweetness, the beauty of peony medicine" and so on. It seems that giving away the beloved person to peony "vanilla" is really hearty, really intentional, it is also the first to catch the lover's stomach, ah, have to admit, the ancients' sweet love, we do not understand too much. In this way, we think that "Zheng Feng Qinhuan" "giving it a spoon of medicine" is a beautiful flower peony flower, which is a beautiful misunderstanding.
Image source: Taiyuan release
But such a beautiful misunderstanding began as early as Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty. Liu Zongyuan's poem "Peony Medicine Before the Stage of the Drama Title":
Fan Hui and Shi Xie, Yan Hua Hua Zi Chen.
Red drunken dew, lingering in the spring.
Lonely appreciation of the day, the wind shakes frequently.
The night window is fragrant, and the secluded knows the blind date.
May you give a gift to Qin Huan, a long southern countryman.
Liu Zongyuan praised the peony flower as an extraordinary flower, the morning light contains dew, the red is drunk, and it is obedient. From day to night, fragrant and affectionate, in the southern country of the land of debasement, I hope to be able to give this beautiful and delicate peony flower to my lover by hand like in the poem "Zheng Feng Qin huan". Therefore, from the literal content of this poem, Liu Zongyuan's understanding of "Zheng Feng Qinhuan" peony medicine is the first love flower is very beautiful and moving. But the cultural implications of Liu Zongyuan's poem are far deeper than the literal content. The perception that the peony flower is not a "fanhui" fanhua, and the feeling of being a "southerner" are the keys to understanding the deep expression of this poem.
The first sentence of Liu Zongyuan's poem, "Fan Hui and Shi Xie", means that the flowers and plants of the ordinary, ordinary, ordinary, and human world have withered away from change at any time, which suddenly highlights the "immortal flower" attribute of the peony flower that bloomed at this time and sung by the author. The peony flower was first planted in the inner garden of the imperial palace, and the poets unanimously praised the peony flower as a fairy flower, and also praised the sacredness and merit of the Son of Heaven. For example, Zhang Jiuling, who was about a hundred years earlier than Liu Zongyuan, wrote the poem "Su Shilang Ziwei Ting Each Endowed with a Peony Medicine": "Immortal forbidden raw red medicine, Wei Fang is not self-sustaining." Fortunately, when it was clear and sunny. The name sees Tong Junzhen, and smells Zheng Guoshi. If the lone root is available, it is not directly Aihuazi. Zhang Jiuling's poem "Fragrant Smell of Zheng Guoshi" also uses the allusion of "Zheng Feng Qinhuan", and its first sentence "Immortal Forbidden Red Medicine" reveals that in the "Ziwei Garden" referred to in the title of this poem, the red peony medicinal flowers are blooming and slightly emitting fragrance. In the Tang Dynasty, the "Ziwei Garden" was the office of Zhongshu Province, located in the imperial palace, which belonged to the "Immortal Forbidden".
And from the title of Liu Zongyuan's poem, "Peony medicine before the stage of the drama". Why do you want to write "before the steps", the peony flowers in front of the steps, is there anything exquisite about this? There really is.
"Pre-step peony medicine" is a famous allusion, from the Southern Dynasty Qi's poem "Zhizhongshu Province": "The Purple Hall is yin and yin, and the Tongting is hehong." The wind moves the branches of the ten thousand years, and the sun is exposed. Linglong knotted sparse, deep Shen Reflects Zhu Net. When the red medicine is turned over, the moss is attached to the building. Zi Yan Xiang Feng Chi, Ming Pei Duo Qing. Shinmei is not my room, and The middle garden thinks about it. Friendship is rich in pottery, and spring is full of flowers. Ande Ling Fenghan, talk about the mountain spring reward. The so-called "Zhizhongshu Province" in the title of Xie Xie's poem is that he is on duty in Zhongshu Province, and the position is roughly equivalent to that of the emperor's senior secretary. In the poem, there are two sentences that "red medicine is turned over by the steps, and the moss is built on the building" that are highly sought after by the literati of later generations, and the "red medicine" is the red peony flower, that is, the "peony medicine before the steps".
Image source: Yanqing, Beijing
At this point of analysis, it can be known that Liu Zongyuan's poetry title uses the allusion of Xie Guan's "Zhizhongshu Province", and then writes about the "immortal flower" character of the peony flower at the beginning, so although he is in the land of debasement, he sees the peony flower in the southern country with his own eyes, but what he thinks about is still the peony flower in the palace.
In addition, Liu Zongyuan calls himself a "Yo-Yo Southerner", and this "Southerner" also has a history. The allusion to the "Southern People" comes from the "Seven Miscellaneous Poems and Four Of the Miscellaneous Poems" by the super talent Cao Zhi: "The southern country is beautiful, Rong Huaruo peach and plum." Towards the north bank of the river, Xi Su Xiao XiangLan. When the custom is thin and vermilion, who is the hair teeth? The years of pitching will be twilight, and the glory will not last long. "Cao Zhi's poetry can be attributed to the fact that Huai Cai did not meet, the beauty was late, and the wound died when injured. Liu Zongyuan's "Yo-Yo Southern People" compares himself to the "Southern People" of the Ronghua Dynasty, of course, it is not arbitrary. Therefore, the word "Lonely Fang" in Liu Zongyuan's poem seems to be written about the peony flower alone to beautify its own beauty, and it is written that the poet is watching the peony flower alone, but in fact, it is both Qinggao's lonely fang self-appreciation and sad lonely fang's self-harm! And in this deep understanding, it is obvious that the concluding sentence "Willing to give to Qin Huan, leisurely southern people" is a classic lyrical loyalty to the king and the country with the love of men and women. Liu Zongyuan still misses the son of Saint Ming the most, the warmest emotion he expressed, or his deepest loyalty.
Of course, there are also "peony medicine" Tang poems that express the love of men and women. Emperor Xianzong of Tang and the fifteenth year (820 AD) of the Gengzi family's Lu Chu poem "The Official's House Welcomes the Inner Son, there are garden flowers blooming" reads:
The peony was chopped and planted, and several flowers bloomed in court.
The east wind and restraint, left to the fine jun to come.
"Xiaojun" is the "inner son" in the title, which refers to the author's wife. This is the happy work of the new Branch Yuanlang after he won the official position. In order to welcome the arrival of the lover, the courtyard was newly planted with peony flowers. The few peony flowers that have already opened are really bright and beautiful, so I am looking forward to the arrival of my lover to watch together. Then I sincerely hope that the spring wind will be controlled and not rush to urge the flowers to grow old. The beauty of the beautiful flowers should be slowly appreciated with the beloved, the beauty is appreciated, such a mood, such a real expression, it is really very touching, the first place of the warm male title.
There are also those who know that the peony medicine of "Zheng Feng Qin huan" is given to the lover, but the peony flower is given to a friend, and the love flower is used to express friendship, which is very common in the Song Dynasty. Su Shi's poem "Sending Peony medicine and public choice" reads:
Today, I am not happy, and I have broken the flowers in the garden.
There is also a peony in the garden.
After a long drought, it has been raining, and it is covered with mud and sand.
If it is not folded, it can also be used, and it can also be folded away.
Abandon the failure to throw forgiveness, and send it to the who immortal family.
He also inserted a branch of spring into the two buns.
Su Shi said in the poem that the peony flowers he gave to his friend Li Gongxuan were all "residual flowers", residual flowers or whatever, which was all self-effacing words, of course, he would not really give the residual flowers to his friends "Who Immortals". And the last two sentences of the poem say that Su Shi himself also had to insert a peony flower between his hair buns, gorgeously transforming into a flower arranger, which also reflected the custom of hairpin flowers in the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, from the emperor and empress, down to the noblewomen of the group, the soldiers and women who stayed in the wind, all of them had flowers. The emperor's reward of hairpin flowers became a ceremonial system, and even the "History of Song" has such a record: "Whoever prepares a feast and a royal feast, the flowers he gives must be worn and returned to the private place." No more servants shall be allowed to wear them, and those who violate them shall be corrected. And the princes and ministers were also proud of the hairpin flowers and accustomed to it.
Image source: Gaoping TV
Therefore, there is also such a story of "four-phase hairpin flower" about the peony flower. Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Pen Talk and Supplementary Pen Talk" says: "In the Han Wei Gongqing calendar, Shuai Huainan, a scholar of the Senior Government Hall. One day, there were peonies in the back garden, one dry and four qi, one flower each, red up and down, and between the yellow buds in the middle. At that time, Yangzhou peony medicine did not have this product, and now it is called 'gold wrapped around the waist' is also. Public difference, open a meeting, want to attract four guests to reward them, in response to the four flowers of rui. When Wang Qigong was the judge of Dali, and Wang Jinggong was the judge of Dali, they were all summoned. There is still one less guest, in order to judge the envoys of the various divisions, forget their names, the longest official, so they take the number. Tomorrow morning, the ruler of the plutonium will file a complaint and will not be released. There is still one less guest, and the order is to seek an official foot in the guest. There were no imperial officials among the passers-by, only Chen Xiugong was a dali temple clerk when he was a minister, so he ordered the same meeting. In the middle of the feast, four flowers are cut, and each of the four guests has a branch, which is very prosperous. For the next thirty years, all four were prime ministers. This is the legend of Han Qi, the Duke of Han Wei, Wang Jue, the Duke of Wang Jing, Wang Anshi, the Duke of Wang Jing, and Chen Shengzhi, the Duke of Chen Xiu, about the "golden wrapped waist" peony flower. This story is a beautiful talk, only the Song Dynasty has been "Houshan Tancong", "Qingbo Magazine", "Moke Swinging Rhinoceros", "Xiang Wei Gong Tan Xun", "Xi She Trivia" and other classics reprinted, analogous to today's circle of friends, this is a very hot like, forward tweet.
The well-known famous sentence of the song of peony medicine flowers, as well as the Song Dynasty Qin Guan's poem "Spring Day", "There are sentient peonies with spring tears, and there are weak roses lying on the branches." And the Song Dynasty Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow" has clouds: "The Twenty-Four Bridges are still there, the waves are waving, and the cold moon is silent." Read the red medicine by the bridge, and know for whom you are born every year? This is also a famous sentence for writing "red medicine" red peony flowers, which can be called a long aftertaste, deep feelings, quite deep, quite affectionate. In the Qing Dynasty, some poets praised Peony medicine and said, "Spring play nanpu, remember yingying children's love seedlings." The description of this "child's love seedling" is really not too desperate!
Peony flower, the first love flower in ancient times, comes from the fragrance of "Poetry Classic, Zheng Feng, Qin Huan"...
(Author: Sun Xiuhua)