The author of this article is the depths of dusk, and the editor-in-chief is Sasha, if reprinted, please be sure to indicate
Three Kingdoms Little People Zhi 0024: The fierce general who deserves the crime - Liu Feng
Liu Feng, a general in the Shu Han camp during the Three Kingdoms period and a son of Liu Bei, has always been deeply trusted by Liu Bei. According to historical records, Liu Feng had a fierce personality, was brave and brave, and was a member of the battlefield. In the process of Liu Bei's entry into Shu, he followed Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others to lead the army to battle, and had considerable military achievements. After Liu Bei had generally pacified Shudi, Liu Feng went out with Meng Da and captured the important stronghold of Shangyong, which further defended the eastern part of Shudi.
However, in the subsequent Battle of Xiangfan, Liu Feng did not obey Guan Yu's dispatch and sent troops to cooperate with each other; nor did he send troops to rescue Guan Yu in time when he was secretly attacked by Eastern Wu in Jingzhou and cut off Guan Yu's back road. Later, after shangyong fell, Liu Feng fled back to Chengdu, and Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang were listed for various crimes, allowing him to self-deprecate. After sighing a sentence " Hate not to use Mencius's words ( I regret not listening to Meng Da ' words in the first place)" Liu Feng drew his sword and committed suicide, when he was only in his 30s...
Regarding Liu Feng's death, later generations cannot help but lament and regret when evaluating. After all, he was a fierce general who could fight a good battle, especially for Liu Bei's camp, which was overstretched with military talents, which was rare. What's more, Liu Feng, as Liu Bei's righteous son, had no doubt about his loyalty. In the unfavorable situation that Meng Da later rebelled and the Cao army besieged Shangyong several times, he also categorically refused the enemy's surrender and fought to the death, until the defeat was decided and the whole army collapsed, and then fled back to Chengdu alone.
It can be seen that Liu Feng is indeed a brave and loyal warrior, and his best destination should be to die on the battlefield, rather than under the butcher's knife of his own people. Therefore, in the evaluation of posterity, Liu Feng is almost inseparable from a "wrong" word, because the defeat of Jingzhou and the death of Guan Yu are not his responsibilities.
According to historical records, Liu Feng led a partial division, and his small number of troops was a complete drop in the bucket for the Jingzhou battlefield. Not to mention, Liu Feng himself also undertook the task of sticking to Shangyong, and this newly conquered territory was under the tiger's eye of Cao Jun at any time. With the existing troops, Liu Feng was able to withstand the pressure of the Cao army to defend the city, it was already very reluctant, where could he still allocate men and horses to support Guan Yu's battle?
Besides, Guan Yu's defeat also came too quickly, from flooding the Seventh Army to defeating Maicheng, only one or two months. With the backward means of communication in ancient times, when Liu Feng learned the news, Guan Yu had already been defeated. Even if you have the heart to rescue, at best, you can only rescue Guan Yu from Maicheng (in fact, even this is difficult to do).
I would like to ask, the defeat on the battlefield in Jingzhou has been decided, at this time, thousands of miles rushed to rescue Guan Yu, the commander of the light pole, what use can it be? Not to mention, this also carries a huge risk of losing the mediocrity. Maybe as soon as Liu Feng's front foot left, the back foot of the city pool would be lost, and then not only would he not be able to save Guan Yu, but he would also be cut off by the enemy and repeat the mistakes of the fiasco in Jingzhou...
In fact, as Liu Bei, how could he ever think of the joints in this? How can you not understand that the main responsibility for the loss of Jingzhou lies?
The main reason why he gave Liu Feng death was not the defeat of Jingzhou and the death of Guan Yu. As for Liu Feng's grievances? Let's still open the historical data and interpret it in detail:
First of all, let's look at what Liu Feng did in Shangyong.
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Shu - Biography of Liu Feng, "The first lord yin feared that it would be difficult for him to take charge alone, but he sent himself from Hanzhong to take the underwater to unify the army, and to meet with Dahui Yong." This means that Liu Bei secretly did not trust Meng Da, so he sent Liu Feng from Hanzhong to Shangyong and went to the meng da rendezvous.
It can be seen that Meng Da was the main general who attacked Shangyong, and the main credit for the Shu army's ability to surrender Shen Yan and the soldiers to take Down Shangyong without bloodshed also lies in Meng Da. Liu Feng, on the other hand, went to work alone, which was like an airborne landing.
Why did Liu Bei send Liu Feng to Shangyong? The main purpose is undoubtedly to let him serve as his representative, appease the rich warriors of the three counties of Shangyong, and win the hearts and minds of the people. In addition, Liu Bei was not very reassured about Meng Da, because Meng Da had just surrendered to Liu Bei's command, and it was difficult to guarantee loyalty. Therefore, Liu Bei must send a close confidant to the past, as a supervisor, on the one hand, to envelop Meng Da and make him not have two hearts, on the other hand, he must also stare at him to prevent the front from rebelling.
Then, how did Liu Feng do in this post of supervising the army?
It is also recorded in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Shu - Biography of Liu Feng": You Feng and Da Yi were at odds with each other, and Feng sought and seized Da Fei. Fearing sin, da yi was angry, so he resigned from the lord and led the leader to surrender to Wei...
This means that Liu Feng and Meng Da quarreled and disagreed, and Liu Feng tried to take away the drum and winding team under Meng Da's hands and put it under his command. Later, Meng Da was worried that liu bei would be angry because of the defeat of Jingzhou, and second, he could not bear Liu Feng's monopoly on power. So he wrote a letter, bid farewell to Liu Bei, and led his troops to surrender to Cao Cao...
It can be seen that in the position of "supervising the army", Liu Feng has done a good job that cannot be said to be a failure. Not only did he fail to pacify the people and win over his subordinates, but he monopolized power and oppressed his colleagues, even Meng Da's honor guard band did not let go.
You know, the ancients have a good face, pay attention to prestige and pomp, the so-called band is a symbol of bureaucratic status, but also the face of Meng Da as a general. And Liu Feng's robbery behavior, not only in the face of others, but also insulted the personality of others, which directly led to Meng Da's anger and surrender to Wei.
Not only that, after the anti-water campaign, Meng Da joined forces with the Wei generals Xiahou Shang and Xu Huang to counterattack Shangyong, and Shen Yi, a local strength faction in Shangyong, also took the opportunity to lead an army mutiny... In the end, under the situation of internal and external difficulties, Liu Feng could not withstand the attack of the Cao army, and the whole army collapsed, fled alone, and lost the important stronghold of Shangyong...
These are the good deeds that Liu Feng did in Shangyong, self-esteem, using power to suppress people, monopolizing power, and squeezing out colleagues... Instead of fulfilling the tasks that Liu Bei had given him, stabilizing the morale of the army, and co-opting his subordinates, he pushed Meng Da into the arms of the enemy, caused him to rebel and leave, and finally lost the city.
It can be seen that Liu Feng's political emotional intelligence is really not generally low.
Next, let's interpret the enmity and resentment between Liu Feng and Guan Yu.
Originally, Shangyong, where Liu Feng was located, and Jingzhou, where Guan Yu was located, were both strongholds on the eastern front of the Shu Han Dynasty. One of them was Liu Bei's righteous son, and the other was the elder general of Liu Bei's clique, and there was no clear superior-subordinate relationship.
However, when Liu Bei granted Guan Yu the Huang Yu of the Fu Festival and ordered him to take the initiative to attack the Cao army, the situation was different. At this time, Guan Yu had become the supreme commander of the Eastern Front of shu han and should command all the troops on the eastern front of shu han. And Liu Feng, of course, should accept his leadership.
What did Liu Feng do at this time?
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Shu - Biography of Liu Feng, "Since Guan Yu besieged Fancheng and Xiangyang, he even called out feng and Da, and ordered the troops to help themselves. Feng, Daci and Da resigned to the mountain county initially attached, can not be shaken, do not accept the fate of the feather. It will be defeated, and the Lord will hate it."
The meaning of this passage is that when Guan Yu attacked Fancheng Xiangyang, he ordered Liu Feng Mengda to send troops to help, but Liu Meng's men did not obey Guan Yu's orders and sent troops to cooperate on the grounds that the number of troops was insufficient. Later, Guan Yu was defeated, and Liu Bei was very angry with Liu Feng.
Why did Liu Feng refuse to send troops? He felt that his reason was that he was unable to reinforce because of the lack of troops and the need to defend the town. Of course, this is just his own opinion, that he is too simple-minded and too rough to think about the consequences of doing so.
He also didn't want to think about whose order he was disobeying, but Guan Yu was holding the "Fu Jie Huang Yu" given by Liu Bei, what did this mean? The runes were the evidence of the ancient Chinese transmission of orders and the conscription of soldiers, while the Huang Yu was an axe decorated with gold, like the sword of Shangfang in later generations, an embodiment of royal power. That is to say, the so-called FuJie Huang yu not only represents Guan Yu's "military power", but also symbolizes Liu Bei's "royal power".
Since ancient times, the king's most taboo against his military generals is the eight words of "supporting the army and respecting themselves, not obeying orders". And what Liu Feng did happened to be committing this biggest taboo! Moreover, Liu Feng's resistance to the order was very direct and rude, and he formed a contempt for Liu Bei's prestige.
Just think, if every military general with a soldier followed suit, made his own opinions, did not listen to orders, and fought separately, then as a monarch, what prestige could there be? In the long run, there will be no need for the enemy to fight, and the country and mountains will be torn apart on their own.
In fact, even if Liu Feng had insufficient troops and did not want to send troops, there was no need to directly disobey orders and clash with Guan Yu. He can play some tricks of yang and yin, handle things more cleverly, livelyly, and euphemistically, and leave himself some room for maneuver.
Liu Feng could first take Guan Yu's orders and agree to send troops, and then state that he did not have many troops and could only do his best. Then, symbolically sending some people to take the initiative to attack the Cao Army outside Shangyong City, fighting if they win, and running if they can't win, which attracts some attention from Cao Jun, and also shares some pressure on Guan Yu...
In short, Liu Feng had to make some movements, and accepted and carried out the order on his behalf. As for whether the order was carried out well or not, it was another matter, after all, he had too few troops and limited strength, and he could only do everything that should be done anyway, and he could only do this step.
As long as this is done, Liu Feng can explain everything. After that, if the Battlefield of Jingzhou was won, he was also one of the heroes, and his name was indispensable in the merit book; if Guan Yu failed in battle, no one could cure his crime, because he also tried his best to send troops and cooperate with the battle, and he could not attribute the failure of the main force to his partial division!
However, Liu Feng did not do this, he just refused the order with a strong attitude, and put his words to death, leaving no room for maneuver. While offending Guan Yu, he also annoyed Liu Bei, and even more he put a pot on himself as supporting soldiers and respecting themselves and not obeying orders, and marked him with the dangerous label of battlefield disobedience.
Finally, let's take a look at Liu Feng's performance after the defeat.
Liu Feng fled back to Chengdu after the fall of Shangyong, did he go back to liu bei to take the blame? Of course not, he did not think at all that he would be killed when he returned, or that he did not feel that he had made any mistakes at all.
According to Liu Feng's thinking logic, the loss of Shangyong is not his responsibility, but because meng Da, a traitor, is a hero who fights to the last moment.
He didn't feel that there was anything wrong with disobeying Guan Yu's orders, because he thought that the reason was very good, even if he disobeyed, it was also a matter of course, and he was upright...
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Shu - Biography of Liu Feng: "Sealed to the end, the first lord blamed feng for invading Lingda, but did not save Yu." Zhuge Liang was worried about the fierceness of the seal, and it would be difficult to control the emperor after the Yi Dynasty, so he persuaded the first lord to get rid of it."
This passage of record is exactly where Liu Feng's guilt lies:
First, "the invasion of Lingda by Feng Feng" refers to Liu Feng's bullying of Meng Da, forcing him to rebel in desperation, which eventually led to the loss of Shangyong.
Second, "not to save Yu", one is to refer to Liu Feng's disobedience on the battlefield and does not listen to Guan Yu's command; the other is to say that when Guan Yu was killed, Liu Feng did not save him.
Third, "worried about Feng Gangmeng, it will be difficult to control the emperor after Yi Shi", of course, it is Liu Feng's character, too strong and difficult to control, Zhuge Liang is worried that after Liu Bei's hundred years, no one can suppress him, so he advises Liu Bei to eliminate the harm as soon as possible...
It can be seen that Liu Feng is completely deserved, he has indeed made a series of mistakes, and led to very bad results, and his death is actually not unjust.
Originally, Liu Bei was very important and trusted Liu Feng, and if nothing else, just the close identity of the "righteous son" showed how much Liu Bei attached to him. He hoped that Liu Feng would grow up as soon as possible, become a general on his own, and add another loyal military figure to the Shu Han camp.
However, the first time Liu Feng acted independently, he handed over such an answer sheet: arrogance and domineering, oppressing people with power, self-sufficiency, forcing rebellion against colleagues, disobeying orders on the battlefield, not listening to dispatches, supporting the army and respecting themselves, and self-righteousness... He was not even aware of this, and did not know where his mistakes lay.
What really killed Liu Feng was none other than himself, or rather, he was too upright and lacked a sleek personality, and his political IQ was so low that he was almost naïve. Although he also has the advantages of bravery and loyalty, as a military general, it is far from enough to have only these...
Finally, to paraphrase a sentence from the principal's education xue yue: In China, if you want to become a good soldier, you must not only be able to fight, but also must understand politics!
PS: The main reason why the descendants were wronged by Liu Fengming was that Liu Bei let Liu Feng bear the responsibility for the loss of Jingzhou and the defeat of Guan Yu. It is true that Liu Feng was only the commander of a partial division, and it was somewhat unreasonable to insist on shouldering the guilt of the defeat on the main battlefield. So at this point, Liu Feng was indeed the head of the wrongdoer and carried the black cauldron.
However, this was also a helpless thing for Liu Bei at that time, because the situation at that time was like this, and it was necessary to find someone to come out and carry the pot to be punished, for the loss of Jingzhou. Otherwise, how can we calm the anger of the people, calm people's hearts, and let ourselves get off the stage?
Guan Yu was already dead and could not take responsibility, and Fu Shiren Mi Fang defected to Eastern Wu, and he could not pursue the responsibility. Now, the only one who can pull out the cushion is undoubtedly Liu Feng, who fled back to Chengdu alone.
To put it bluntly, Liu Feng is already punished for several crimes, and the death penalty is inevitable, so he doesn't care about carrying another black cauldron? In this way, Liu Bei could not only maintain his majesty as a king, but also have an explanation for the defeat of Jingzhou in front of the entire Shu Han clique.
At the same time, this can also show Liu Bei's impartiality, anyone who treats all equally, has an iron face and is selfless, even if he is his own son, he has made a mistake, then he should be cut off!