On June 23, 1950, less than a year after the founding of New China, Chairman Mao was so busy with major and minor matters that Chairman Mao was impatient. On this day, Chairman Mao was lying on the table working on the documents, when suddenly, a person broke in. The guards hurriedly followed, but did not dare to stop more.
Seeing him stride toward the chairman, he dropped a copy of the Yunnan Daily on Chairman Mao's desk, and he asked loudly: "Is it true that New China has no tolerance for people like this?" My Long Yun family has made such a great contribution to the country, will it end up in the end? ”
Chairman Mao fixed his eyes on it, and the Yunnan Daily impressively wrote: "The dragon rope has rebelled and fought for no avail, and has been completely annihilated..."
Chairman Mao
Logically, such small rebellions were not uncommon in the border areas that were still unstable at that time. Why is this story so special?
It turned out that long sheng, the leading figure of this rebellion, was the third son of Long Yun, then vice chairman of the third central committee and vice chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee.
General Long Yun made indelible contributions to the War of Resistance, the construction of Yunnan, or the war of reunification in New China. He was even honored by the local people as the "King of Yunnan". Extremely popular and outstanding.
The son of such a general was blatantly treasonous and killed by the People's Liberation Army, which is actually not easy to explain in any sense.
In fact, Chairman Mao received a telegram from Comrade Deng Xiaoping a few days ago: "The dragon bandits have been extinguished, and the work of the Yi people in DaliangShan and the Sichuan, Kang, Yunnan, and Qian border areas will be better done in the future." ”
At this time, Chairman Mao was already in his hands. Only to see the chairman stand up and roll up the newspaper. He patted General Long Yun on the shoulder and said:
"O Dragon General, I know that you are very angry in your heart now, and your heart is full of doubts. Whatever I say to you, it's hard for you to listen. Well, I won't say anything more, I'll give you full authority over this appointment, and I'm sure you can distinguish between public and private. ”
Chairman Mao and Long Yun (left)
Although Long Yun was confused, Chairman Mao had said this, and he did not ask much, so he secretly decided in his heart that he must return to his hometown to seek justice for his son who died tragically.
Chairman Mao also immediately sent a telegram to the Yunnan Provincial Government: "General Longyun will be sent back to Yunnan to deal with this matter." ”
After Long Yun arrived in Yunnan, he habitually disclosed his itinerary. Raise your hand to the local people on the convoy.
In Long Yun's heart, the people of Yunnan will surely welcome him warmly and happily as usual, and wash the dust for him.
However, this time, the situation far exceeded General Long's expectations.
Long Yun (middle)
The crowd on both sides of the convoy did gather as much as ever, but the eagerness in the eyes of the people turned into questioning, and the cheers turned into non-stop whispers.
General Long suddenly held his breath, and was even more confused--I have made such a great contribution to my hometown and to new China, and now I am so for me?
When he walked into the local government department in Yunnan with an ugly face, a commissioner immediately handed over a thick pile of materials to General Long Yun. He glanced at it and said with an ugly face, "This is impossible!" Subsequently, he personally visited and investigated the course of events and the context.
When he returned to the seat of government again, this old general, who was not afraid to be defeated, seemed to have aged ten years in one night.
Long Yun in his later years
In the face of inquiries from government officials, he bowed his head, his face was livid, and he could not speak for a long time. Finally, he whispered, "My son is very bad... He deserves it."
Then he walked quickly out of the department. After picking up Long Baofu, Long Sheng's son, he returned to Beijing and did not say anything more.
After the world heard this news, most of the people who understood the causes and consequences could not help but sigh - poor General Long I was famous, but he gave birth to such a son.
Long Yun, born in 1884, of the Yi ethnic group, studied in the Yunnan DaowuTang in his early years.
Long Yun when he was young
At that time, Yunnan bordered Vietnam. Vietnam was a French colony at that time, and France was very interested in attacking Yunnan and opening the door to China. In modern warfare, before the official start of war, public opinion often comes first.
At that time, the Chinese mainland people often knew only the reputation of The British hegemon and did not know the military power of France. Therefore, in order to make the people fearful of France, the French governor found a Hercules in France and set up a ring opposite the Yunnan Daowu Hall. Challenge the elite of a province.
However, Tang Jiyao, the head of Yunnan at that time, did not dare to expel him because he was afraid of the French, and could only hope that someone would drive him away to prevent the morale of the people from slipping.
And a few days passed, when most people were undernourished, had no scientific training, and were not allowed to use weapons, and no one could really defeat this strong Man of France. As a result, he became more and more arrogant and began to claim to be "invincible in the world".
Long Yun and Chennault
At this time, Long Yun stood up. And public information, cleanly solved this French Hercules in the ring. Tang Jiyao was sitting on the edge of the ring watching at the time, very happy about this, and firmly remembered this young man with high martial arts.
General Long studied martial arts all his life, until 1954, after liberation, when a delegation composed of the people of Sichuan went to Beijing to visit Long Yun, according to a reporter's report: "(General Long Yun) showed everyone while speaking, although he is not very tall, he is stronger than ordinary people, and he still jumps like an ape at the age of seventy."
After graduating from the Daowu Hall, Long Yun was promoted all the way and became the second in command of the Dian Army. Tang Jiyao, then the real power controller of Yunnan Province, has changed from the hard work of the beginning of the founding to the fainting of indulging in pleasure. Personnel and political affairs are all messed up, and they have even caused great internal contradictions in the management of the army.
Therefore, the generals within Yunnan at that time united and overthrew Tang Jiyao.
Tang Jiyao
However, after overthrowing Tang Jiyao, in order to compete for power in Yunnan Province, these united generals once again played a pot of porridge. Long Yun was considered the strongest by the Kuomintang at that time and was awarded the title of military commander. However, he remembered his old feelings and could not bear to do it.
He didn't want to, but he was arrested by the generals he regarded as brothers. Even the wounds left by Long Yun's eyes that exploded during the arrest were not healed, but because Long Yun was strong in martial arts, he was afraid that Long Yun would flee. A large iron cage was specially made, and Long Yun was kept in the cage for a whole month, his whole body was covered with lice, and the wounds in his eyes were purulent and rotten.
Later, Long Yun was rescued by his subordinates and formed a provincial government. He wrote in his diary: "It is a painful thing that the count is three years of service, and the brothers are on the wall. At the time, however, the situation was overwhelming."
And he often talked to his family about the experience of that month, saying: "Do you think I, the provincial chairman, is easy to get?" How good is it to be locked in an iron cage for more than a month? ”
After gaining the right to govern Yunnan Province, Long Yun made great efforts to make yunnan, which was poor and backward at that time, a paradise on earth.
Before longyun governance, foreign tourists wrote this sentence after coming to Yunnan: "In Yiliang, which is far east of central Yunnan, there is a vast area of intensively cultivated fields, most of which are blooming with poppies, and about half of the dams between Kunming and Dali are used to grow big smoke."
Yunnan under the administration of Longyun built water conservancy
After Long Yun's governance, he launched a series of reforms in many fields such as politics, economy, military, culture and education. The policy of openness to the countries of South-East Asia has been adopted and great results have been achieved. At that time, he was revered by the local people as the "King of Yunnan". There were even local people who erected the Immortal Arch for him.
In 1935, when Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling came to Yunnan to investigate, they were amazed to see that the social environment, order and people's lives in this border province were even more civilized and harmonious than many large cities in the country. Song Meiling wrote down in surprise:
"The streets of Kunming are very clean and tidy, the buildings are all the same color, and it is more comfortable than the messy buildings we have seen elsewhere. Pedestrians on the streets of Kunming have been divided into left and right sides, and travel back and forth in the most orderly way. ”
Song Meiling and Long Yun's wife Li Peilian took a group photo
Not just the people, because of Long Yun's superb political skills, the officials at all levels in Yunnan at that time were united. It formed the most feared branch of the local military forces at that time. And this also laid hidden dangers for later generations.
Long Yun was also increasingly dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's measures of ignoring the overall situation and concentrating on fighting a civil war.
Later, on the way of the Red Army's Long March, it passed through Yunnan. Chiang Kai-shek forced Long Yun to pursue and strangle the main force of the Red Army, but Long Yun did not want to attack the Red Army. Because, At that time, Long Yun's old friend and the red army commander Luo Binghui sent someone to send a secret letter to Long Yun when he was passing through Yunnan.
The letter indicated that the Red Army's Long March was only for the north to resist Japan, and had no intention of attacking the city. It is hoped that Long Yun will not fight a blockade campaign, and it is best to drag the hind legs of Chiang Kai-shek's army. There are also words in the letter such as "there will be a period" and "very much thanks".
Long Yun was already extremely dissatisfied with Chiang Kai-shek's policy of despite the threat of the Japanese army and bent on fighting a civil war, coupled with his old friendship with friends, he made a secret decision in his heart.
Long Yun and Chiang Kai-shek take a group photo
Therefore, Long Yun superficially cooperated with Chiang Kai-shek's troops, but secretly prepared a truckload of medicines that the Red Army was in short supply. You know, in those war years, medicine was more precious than gold for the Red Army, which lacked supplies.
Along with the medicines, there were also military maps and other materials of Yunnan that Long Yun sent people to carefully draw. The successful implementation of the four crossings of the Chishui River and the clever crossing of the Jinsha River, the life-and-death moment of the Red Army's Long March, is precisely this incomparably accurate military map that plays a vital role!
When the Red Army went to the Jinsha River to cross the river, it was Long Yun who withdrew his troops and gave way to the defensive line in the Kuomintang's heavenly net, only chasing after it but not blocking it. This allowed the Red Army to win a decisive victory in the Long March Campaign.
And during this period of contact with the Red Army, he also made ideological contact with the commissioners of our Party. He began to hesitate, because he began to think that our party was the real party of the Chinese people. In an interview with the reporter of the "Declaration" at that time, he publicly praised:
"The Red Army passed through Yunnan twice, but it was not a crime. Strangling his belly and rampage through more than a dozen provinces, Mo said that in China, right in the world, where is such a strong army?! ”
After the July 7 Incident and the establishment of the anti-Japanese united front, he even established a secret contact with Marshal Zhu De.
Jude and Long Yun
In Long Yun's "Some Memories of Me Before and After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression", it is written: "Zhu De, Ye Jianying and I successively went to Tangshan. After dinner, we took a walk outside and talked about the anti-Japanese issue, and we generally agreed.
Zhu De said: 'Can Yunnan produce 200,000 or 300,000 people?' ’
I said, 'It depends on the military development.' ’
I asked Zhu De, 'What weapons has the government given you this time of resistance?' He said, 'We only need light weapons.' ’
I asked him again, 'How are we going to contact him in the future?' ’
He said: 'Contact by radio. I gave him a password.
Later, his secretary looked at it and said: 'This password is not good, it is easy to leak.' Zhu asked my secretary to discuss another arrangement with his secretary.
I said, 'No need to study.' My secretary has no experience in this area, and it is entirely up to your secretary to make it up, just give me a copy. ’
After I returned to Nanjing from Tangshan, the password was compiled and sent. Later, I contacted the radio station in Kunming with Yan'an, that is, I used this code.
After returning to Yunnan, he even scolded Chiang Kai-shek. He and his subordinates said:
"In those days, enemy planes were bombing Wuhan and Jiujiang, the Jiujiang Spinning Factory was blown up, there were no anti-aircraft guns or anti-aircraft machine guns on the ground, and the spinning mill caught fire for an hour or two without the fire brigade extinguishing it.
I was sad to see that Nanjing's air defense was so weak, and so was the locality. Chiang Kai-shek did not really prepare for the War of Resistance, and it was even more exposed. ”
Chiang Kai-shek and Long Yun
However, Chiang Kai-shek was not prepared to resist the war, but Long Yun believed that he could not fail to fight. He immediately carried out a series of preparation measures, and exhausted the manpower and financial resources of the whole province, and in a few months, he built the Yunnan Burma Highway, which Chinese and foreign architects predicted would take at least three years to build.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance, he also fully fulfilled what he and Marshal Zhu De said. The general's wind, a mouthful of spit a pit. In the case of shortage of manpower and material resources, he organized more than 200,000 Dian troops to rush to the anti-Japanese front.
The Burma Highway he built before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression opened up a transportation channel for international aid to China. After the fall of Guangzhou, this almost became the lifeblood of the Chinese nation. The height shows long Yun's strategic vision as a military expert. This highway has also been praised by Chinese and foreign people as "anti-Japanese blood vessels"
Later, because of the gengzhi of the warriors, Long Yun was put under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek after seizing power. After escaping from house arrest, he relied on his huge influence in Yunnan to call on the people of Yunnan to oppose dictatorship, breaking Chiang Kai-shek's dream of retreating to Yunnan and a long civil war.
Premier Zhou once spoke highly of General Long Yun: "During his lifetime, Mr. Long Yun made three important contributions and meritorious deeds to the country: first, he made contributions to China's democratic revolution; second, he opposed Chiang Kai-shek's personal dictatorship and made meritorious contributions; third, throughout the War of Resistance Against Japan, he resolutely supported until victory and meritorious service. ”
Premier Zhou
Parenting is a very important part of their children's upbringing. Therefore, in the folk, there is often a saying that the tiger father has no dog.
But this common sense seems less applicable to General Long Yun.
Because, in Yunnan Province, there are constant conflicts and contradictions. The rapid changes in the governance of Yunnan Province and the domestic situation can be said to occupy the time of General Long Yun. Of course, he can be said to be dedicated to the people of Yunnan, but as a father, the time he has spent is not so qualified.
Although he also restrained his son, because of the doting of his mother for many years, the dragon rope once broke away from Long Yun's vision and became lawless.
During the Republic of China period, he even engaged in a gun battle with the second lady of the Kong family in a public place such as Central Park, where the citizens were densely packed. He also drove all kinds of absurd deeds.
After the founding of New China, Long Rope followed his father to join our party.
Long Sheng once said to his subordinates: "No matter who is in charge of Yunnan, it is inseparable from my father, my father the king of Yunnan is not wrong, I am the prince of Yunnan." ”
Long Yun and his family
Out of the public consideration of the party and the people, General Long Yun resolutely gave up all real power in Yunnan, and also took the initiative to come to Beijing and cut off contact with his subordinates. To prevent their own private prestige from becoming an obstacle to the party's paving policies.
Such a profound and righteous move made Long Rope unable to understand. But helplessly, the arm could not twist the thigh, and could only accept. He was appointed second deputy commander of the Zhaotong Garrison District and chief of the security corps.
But this "petty official" can make the dragon rope once uneasy. Because of his illness, he wrote many times, asking Long Yun to give him special care and send an additional five hundred yuan.
General Long Yun resolutely refused him and gave instructions directly: "My son Long Yun is treated the same as ordinary soldiers. ”
The dragon rope could only be gray and slippery without a word. And the serious discipline of new China made him even more unable to adapt -- how can he serve the people if he is used to acting arbitrarily?
Chen Geng was the chairman of Yunnan Province at the time, and he also talked to Long Rope many times, hoping that he could integrate into the people and turn back to the prodigal son.
However, Dragon Rope had not only failed to listen to advice. In the name of his father, he also secretly colluded with the local gangsters, bandits and remnants of the Kuomintang to form more than 80,000 rogue bandits. Serious disturbance of local security.
In private, he secretly held a meeting with his bandits: "Once we are reorganized, we will have no freedom, and we will not be able to survive unless we plot otherwise."
At this time, Chen Geng had a headache and called General Long Yun over. General Long Yun didn't care much, just acting as a child. Pointing at the nose and scolding, the dragon rope had made a verbal promise, and a large number of armed forces were disbanded. After a good ride, he returned to Beijing.
But what Long Yun didn't expect was that this actually made Long Rope more determined to rebel. He secretly colluded with the Kuomintang and was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the commander-in-chief of the "Sichuan-Dian-Qiankang Anti-Communist National Salvation Army".
Since then, he has done a series of crazy things.
Dragon Rope had directed his men to carry out hundreds of armed uprisings. A series of atrocities were committed, such as the "Weining Black Stone Incident", the "Yongshan Dajingba Incident", the "Zhenxiong Cattle Farm Incident", and the "HuizeZhi Guoshan Incident". Among them, the "Weining Black Stone Incident" is the most heartbreaking.
At that time, a platoon of the Thirty-seventh Division escorted 18 trucks full of supplies to Zhaotong. Dragon Rope was once the chief in charge of receiving. After getting the transportation route map, he conspired with his confidants to do a "big thing".
He led thousands of bandits to lay an ambush in advance in the Black Stone area of Weining, Guizhou, and destroyed all the cars. But because of the looting of supplies, coupled with the perennial training of our soldiers. With such a huge numerical advantage, he was not able to completely annihilate our troops. Four soldiers of our army escaped death and reported the situation to the government.
At this time, Chen Geng still wanted to make a final rescue and tried to persuade Long Sheng Zeng to surrender.
Because General Long Yun has indeed done countless good things in the local area, the people have deep feelings for General Long Yun. Chen Geng feared that the blatant shooting of General Long's son would provoke a backlash in the opinions of the local people.
However, Long Shengzeng regarded this as the insufficient military strength of our party in Yunnan Province, which was a manifestation of weakness. Therefore, he and his subordinates actively planned the Spring and Autumn Dream of conquering Yunnan and establishing himself as the "King of Yunnan".
Heaven's sins are forgivable, but their own sins are not to live.
After receiving the news that Dragon Rope had gathered a crowd to prepare for war, Chen Geng also had to make up his mind.
On June 18, Chen Geng sent a telegram to Zhang Xianyang: "If there is no result in fighting, we can only closely monitor it; once there is a change, it will be annihilated immediately." ”
Chen Geng
Zhang Xianyang and Long Yun have old friends. He also soberly realized that those hooligans under Long Rope would only collapse in front of the soldiers of our People's Liberation Army. He couldn't bear to watch his sons and nephews keep moving forward on the road of self-destruction. At five o'clock in the morning of the same day, he sent a letter to the dragon rope, and he tried to persuade him.
But Dragon Rope once only thought that Zhang Xianyang: "There are no soldiers under his command, and there is no anger in his heart, because he is afraid of my Dragon King." ”
Therefore, instead of slowing down, he launched a more active attack on the headquarters of the 43rd Division.
In the case of preparation, the combat effectiveness of the two armies is not at all on the same level. In the vernacular, Dragon Rope's attack was purely a "suicide attack."
In less than two hours, the battle was over. Ironically, tens of thousands of bandits died only 219, and the whole army collapsed. Later in the battle, it was not at all a war, but like taking prisoners. The dragon rope, who once boasted of his marksmanship, rushed to the front line to fight, only to be killed on the spot by stray bullets.
To Chen Geng's surprise, the local people did not react to the death of Long Shengzeng. Only then did he understand that the eyes of the masses of the people were shining brightly.
Poor General Long Yun spent his life patriotic, but in the end he was ruined by his favorite young son, and became taciturn in later years, both because he could not raise his head in front of his acquaintances, but also because he was sad—Long Rope was once the youngest son who looked most like him and was also his most beloved. Premier Zhou and Marshal Zhu De went to comfort him many times, but with little success.
But perhaps it was Long Yun's doting on Dragon Rope that finally made Dragon Rope tsurugi embark on the road of no return. It can be seen that parents cannot just teach their children by example. The effort of time and the right constraints are indispensable. Only by having both can our children on the road of growth not go crooked.
Dragon Cloud
And no matter what happened to The Dragon Rope, we should correctly understand General Long Yun, who is a truly patriotic general who has made great contributions to the country.
As Liu Wenhui said in his eulogy: "Long Yun's life is bright and upright for the country and the people." And the state chose to bury him in the Babaoshan Cemetery after his death, which is exactly what it says in silence.