Abstract: Based on the law of the development and evolution of Chinese characters, this paper examines and interprets 6 groups and 8 vulgar characters in ancient Chinese medicine books since the Tang and Song dynasties by comprehensively using the methods of mutual search for morphology, sound, and meaning, and literature comparison. "" is the dividing word for "kiss", "
"It is a variant of "虻", and "䖾" is a false character of "蚘",
"For the word "clam", "
”“
”“
" is the differentiation of "spot" and "class", "
It is a variant of "鲗". The content of the interpretation will help the present generation to revise and sort out the ancient books of Chinese medicine.
Ancient books of Chinese medicine record the principles, methods, prescriptions, and medicines of Chinese medicine in the form of words, which are the main carriers of the inheritance of Chinese medicine, and are also the source of "inheriting the essence, keeping integrity and innovation" of today's Chinese medicine. As a kind of practical literature, ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine have stored a large number of vulgar characters, many of which have not been included in the books of previous dynasties, and these vulgar words have become an obstacle to the reading, sorting and utilization of ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. Wang Yongyan (2018) pointed out: "Traditional Chinese medicine attaches great importance to the excavation and inheritance, and it is necessary to carry out systematic, standardized, multi-faceted, and high-level interpretation and research on important ancient medical books, so as to accumulate knowledge to enlighten the truth, and recount learning as the Tao, so that the ancient books of Chinese medicine can be understood and applied by today's people." "The study of ancient Chinese medicine books and common characters is conducive to the inheritance and development of Chinese medicine classics and culture. Li Congming's Research on the Words and Sentences of the Compendium of Materia Medica (1996) and Shen Shunong's Research on the Use of Words in Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2007), as well as Fan Dengmai (2000), Sun Xiaozhong (2003), Liu Jinglin (2011), Ma Gan (2021, 2022), Zhou Yanhong (2021, 2022) and others have examined and identified difficult and vulgar characters in the Compendium of Materia Medica, handwritten Chinese medicine literature in the Tang and Song dynasties, and Japanese-Tibetan Chinese medicine literature, and corrected some of the errors in the modern proofreading.
This paper selects 6 groups and 8 difficult vulgar characters from insects in ancient Chinese medicine books since the Song Dynasty, sorts out their phonetic information and form origin, corrects some errors in the collation of modern people, and puts forward some suggestions for the revision of large character books such as the Great Chinese Dictionary. 1. Jin Zhang Congzheng's "Confucian Affairs" Volume 15 "Sores and Carbuncles": "Burning soup and fire recipe: For many years, the temple and the beast are the end, and the small oil is adjusted, and the soup fire sores are smeared, and it is effective. ("Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu" book V745P335 (1)), Yuan Wang Rumao's "Four Essentials of Mountain Dwelling" Volume 3 "The Essentials of Health: A New Class of Evidence and Miscellaneous Prescriptions": "Treatment of soup burning: use many years of temple and beasts as the end, water to apply the sores to the burn sores, and it is effective. ("Shouyang Series") pressed, "Chinese Dictionary" and "Chinese Character Sea" were not received. Xu Jiangyan and Xu Zhenguo edited "Zhang Zihe Medical Encyclopedia" annotated: ", the name of the insect is Ma Lu. (2015:169) Li Jingwei's school-based "The Complete Works of Shouyang Series" was copied as "things" (1997:123). In today's examination, "on the temple" is "kiss", and "" is the differentiation word of "kiss" of "kiss". The kiss is a kind of ornament at both ends of the ridge of the roof of the ancient palace, mostly in the shape of a dragon head and a fish; Its initial shape is the shape of the owl's tail, and later the style changes, and it folds upwards like opening the mouth to swallow the ridge, because of the name of the owl's kiss. The literature of "Kiss" is copied as "Kiss", and Ming Lurong's "Shuyuan Miscellaneous Records" volume 2: "Ancient artifacts have different names. …… The cocktail, which resembles a beast, has good sexual hope, so it stands on the corner of the house. From the context of "Confucian Affairs" and "Four Essentials of Mountain Dwelling", it should be "kissed" here, Xu Jiangyan, Xu Zhenguo and others interpreted it as "Ma Lu" inappropriately, and the "Complete Works of Shouyang Series" was also copied as "thing". The cockroach belongs to the mammals, so in the literature, "cockroach kiss" and "cockroach" are also called "beast kiss" and "beast". Ming Lurong's "Shuyuan Miscellaneous Records" volume 2: "The beast, which resembles a lion, has a good sex and eats yin and evil, so it is on the door knocker." (Mohai Golden Pot) "Beast" is "Beast Kiss", Qing Liu Can's "Zhiya" volume "Interpretation of Things, Names of Things in the Mountains": "Beast Kiss, standing on the door knocker, resembling a lion, good sex and eating yin and evil." The "" here is the differentiation of the word "kiss". "On the temple and the beast", the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine in the Ming and Qing dynasties are mostly inherited as "the head of the beast on the temple", such as the Ming Zhang Shiche "First Aid Prescription" Volume 2 "Miscellaneous Prescription": "Cure the soup and burn: use the beast head on the temple for many years as the end, and the small oil is adjusted to Fu Zhi, and it is effective." (Ming Jiajing carved book) this beast head is "the kiss". It is worth noting that the encoded character "" is a Vietnamese mum, and the mountain leech is called Kun in Zhuang and Vietnamese, so Wang Hongyuan's Kangxi Dictionary (Expanded Edition) includes the character "" according to the China-Japan-Korea-Vietnam Unified Character Set (CJK) (2015:1452). In fact, there are many "" characters in ancient Chinese books, and the word "" can be added according to the ancient Chinese books when the "Chinese Character Sea" and "Chinese Dictionary" are revised. 2. The prince of the Qing Dynasty received the "Selected Notes on the Ancient Recipes of Jiangxue Garden" Volume 17 "Inferior Medicine": "Leech: salty and bitter taste, entering the Yin meridian of the feet, and breaking the blood and wounding the gongzhuan. Harvest and cure the blood of animals. ("Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu", V783P934) press, "", "Chinese Dictionary" and "Zhonghua Zihai" are not collected, and Wang Hongyuan's "Kangxi Dictionary" (Expanded Edition) is included in the "" character (2015:1461) according to the China-Japan-Korea-Vietnam Unified Character Set (CJK), which is a Vietnamese word. In today's examination, in Chinese literature, "" is related to "虻", "䖟" and "蝱". Traditional Chinese medicine believes that leeches can eliminate blood congestion, and this treatment method is based on the "Treatise on Typhoid Fever". Han Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever" Volume 5 "Distinguishing Yang Ming Pulse Evidence and Treatment": Yang Ming Evidence, those who like to forget must have animal blood. Therefore, there is blood stasis for a long time, so it is happy to forget, although the feces are hard, the stool is easy, and its color will be black. It should be served under the soup. (2004:134) The third volume of the book, "Distinguishing the Pulse and Syndrome of Sun Disease and Treating It", "Resist the soup recipe" says: Leeches (thirty, boil. Salty, bitter cold) Ticks (30 pcs., boiled. Go to the feet. Bitter in taste, slightly cold) Peach Man (2) (20 pieces, peeled and pointed. Bitter and sweet taste, flat) Rhubarb (three taels, soaked in wine. bitter cold). (Bitter blood, salty is better than blood, salty and bitter of bugs and leeches, in order to remove animal blood.) Sweet and slow knotting, bitter heat, peach, rhubarb bitterness, the following knot heat) the right four flavors for the end, five liters of water, boil three liters, go to the trickle, warm one liter, not to take again. (2004:95) The third volume of the book also says: typhoid fever has fever, less belly full, should urinate is not good; Today's anti-profit, for the sake of blood, the present, can not be left medicine, should be used as a pill. …… Resist the pill recipe: leeches (twenty. Salty, bitter cold) Ticks (twenty-five. Bitter taste, slightly cold) Peach kernels (20 pieces, peeled tips) Rhubarb (3 taels). The right four flavors, the pestle is divided into four pills, take one liter of water, boil one pill, take seven together, and when the time comes, when the blood is spent; If not, take it more. (2004:95) The use of leeches, ticks, peach kernels, and rhubarb to treat blood congestion in the body should be an early record. After the Song Dynasty, doctors explained the pharmacology of the prescription and the pill. For example, Song Hanyi and "Typhoid Fever Micro Decree" volume "Animal Blood Evidence": All the treatment of animal blood evidence, when the soup pill prescription uses bugs, leeches and peach kernels, etc., all of which are blood-breaking drugs, if not this medicine, it cannot be ordered. (Qing "Zhu Cong Beilu" book) and Jin Cheng Wuji's "Typhoid Ming Theory" "Arrive at the soup recipe" article said: The owner of people, gas and blood. Qi is yang, and those who stagnate and do not do it are easy to disperse, and it is easy to cure yang diseases. Blood is yin, and those who do not work with blood are difficult to disperse, and it is difficult to treat yin disease. Blood animal in the bottom, non-big poison, can not be against its very evil, so the treatment of animal blood is said to be a soup. The leech taste is salty, bitter and slightly cold. "Neijing" says: Salty wins blood. Blood animals are below, and those who win blood will be salty, so leeches are kings. The insect taste is bitter and slightly cold. Bitter blood, blood knots are not good. Those who break the blood will be helped by suffering, and they will be subordinated to worms...... Qing Yang Shitai's "Materia Medica" Volume 27 "Insect Department" "Leech" article: Leeches use wriggling to eat blood, and those who do not manage to cure blood are similar to the function of flies, so Zhongjingfang often complements each other. It has its own soup pills to treat typhoid fever and animal blood, and later the evidence of animal blood treatment is not due to typhoid fever, nor can it be outside of these two flavors, only with the evidence as addition and subtraction. (2009:757) From the perspective of the origin of medical prescriptions, there is no doubt that "蜚" means "蜚虻 (䖟蝱)", and "" is a variant of the character constructed by replacing the sound note of "虻䖟". The use of ticks to treat congestion was earlier seen in Huainanzi. Han Liu'an's "Huainanzi Saying Mountain Training" said: "The raccoon head heals the rat, the chicken head has a fistula, the blood is scattered, the wood heals the caries, and so on." This recipe is inherited by traditional Chinese medicine, so Chinese medicine scientists mostly believe that it has the function of invigorating blood, such as Ming Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" volume 41 "Insect Three: "According to Liu Hejianyun: Eat blood and cure blood, because of its nature and use." Cheng Wu Jiyun: Bitter blood, blood knots do not work, to attack it. Therefore, the treatment of animal blood with insects is the liver menstrual blood medicine. This can also prove that "蜚" is "蜚虻 (薟蝱)". In Chinese literature, "" is also a differentiation character of "莣 (3)", and the character is replaced by a phonetic note as "", or falsely assigned"
And so on. The Qing Dynasty King Duanzhu's "Records of the Heavy Treatise on Zhai" volume 9: "For example, if the flow of empty mulberry, Fu Zhi, the year of the great chun, the cockroach He Jue." "(Qingdao lithography)"" is "莣", this book "Huainanzi Qi Customs": "Water is a pigtail." Xu Shen notes: "Dragonflies also." "Wang Yinzhi's "Reading Magazine: Huainan Inner Chapter 11" "莣" article test "" is a mistake of "蟌", "莣 (
"" is a mistake in the word "䓗", and "䓗" is a vulgar writing of "蔥". (Qing Daoguang 12th year) Yang Baozhong suspected that "蔥 (䓗莣)" was the straight pronunciation of "蟌". (2018:393) Later generations did not know, so they mistakenly used "莣" as another name for dragonflies, and in the vernacular of Qinzhou today, dragonflies are called "scorpion" and "she", which is also the colloquial pronunciation of "莣". ""Change the sound note again", see Liu Yinchang's "Liu's Class Mountain" volume 4 "Insect Fish", "Shui Yu Wei", Qing Liu Can's "Continuation of Guangya" volume "Release Worm", dragonfly also", etc.; ""Again", found in the "Yuanjian Class Letter" volume 446 "Worm Pig" "Dragonfly" article quoted in "Huainanzi": "Water Fly is (spear) (business), dragonfly also." """" To sum up, the "蜚" in the TCM literature is a variant of "虻", "䖟" and "蝱" to replace the sound notes, and it is homographically related to the "zhi" in Huainanzi. "It is also a Vietnamese word, and the Zhuang language and Vietnamese call the cobra"
tiger" (Wang Hongyuan, 2015: 1461). In this way, in the Chinese character cultural circle, "" is the homoglyph of one shape and three characters. 3. She Song Anonymous's "General Prescription for Pediatric Health" Volume 2 "Food Taboo Theory" "Children should not eat millet rice, chicken, and courgette, so that children have worms in their abdomen" bet: ""Experience Formula" cloud: Children eat chicken before weaning, so that children have worms in their abdomen. ("Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu" V741P72) press, "Yu", "Chinese Dictionary" and "Chinese Character Sea" are not received. Today's compilation of the simplified Chinese version of the "General Micro Prescription for Pediatric Health" is mostly "round", and the traditional Chinese version is mostly "蚘". Wang Hongyuan's Kangxi Dictionary (Revised Edition) considers it to be a false character, and points out that the cost of reformulating Cao's medicine is "蚘". (2015:1461) From the perspective of the origin of the form, "䖾" should be a falsification of the word "蚘". The statement that babies will give birth to roundworms when they eat chicken is earlier in "Qi Min Yaoshu". Later Wei Jia Siyi's "Qi Min Yaoshu" volume 6 "Raising Chickens": "The Theory of Health Preservation says: Chicken is not edible, and children eat it, which makes them worms and emaciated. (4) (1982:334) Traditional Chinese medicine literature mostly inherits such views, such as Tang Sujing's "New Revision of Materia Medica", vol. 15: "Children eat chicken, and they are good at giving birth to worms." (Japanese manuscript) Liang Tao Hongjing of the Southern Dynasty limited the age of "children" to under the age of five, and Ming Miao Xiyong's "Shennong Materia Medica" volume 19 "Poultry Sanpin, Zhuji" "simplification": "Hongjingyun: children under the age of five eat chickens and roundworms. (2011:267) Similar content is more common in health preservation literature since the Tang and Song dynasties, such as Song Zhou Shouzhong's "Health Preservation Category Compilation", Volume 8, "Personnel Department: Children": "Children eat chicken and raw worms (Materia Medica). and "Baby and Children's Treasure Collection" cloud: Do not eat chicken before the age of two, there are worms in the abdomen. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that not only babies should not eat chicken, but pregnant women should also not eat chicken. For example, Tang Sun Simiao's "Preparation for Emergencies" volume 2 "Women's Fang: Raising the Fetus": "On the saying: The child is in the womb, the sun and the moon are not full, the yin and yang are not prepared, and the intestines and bones are not sufficient, so from the beginning to the beginning of the birth, there are taboos in the diet and residence...... Pregnant chicken glutinous rice, so that the child has more than an inch of white worms. (2011:22) Tang Wangtao's "Secret Recipes for Outer Taiwan" Volume 33 "13 Songs of Fetal Raising Law and Taboos" is also contained: "Pregnant people eat chicken and glutinous rice, and they make more than inch white worms. (2011:591) Tang Zhanyin's "Treatise on the Taboo of Pregnancy Food" in the volume of "Pregnancy Food Taboo": "Eating chicken and glutinous rice together makes the child give birth to white worms. (2011:3) Ascaris are white or beige, and the word "white insect" here should also refer to roundworms. It can be seen that there is no doubt that the "喾" contained in the "General Prescription for Pediatric Health" is a change of "薾", and the parts "especially" and "completely" are close and wrong. The right part of the "Word Sea Network" contains the variant of "蚘" as "", and its right part is close to the shape of "end", or the intermediate form of "蚘" is written as "䖾". Wang Hongyuan's Kangxi Dictionary (Expanded Edition) is correct in noting that "䖾" is "讹字" (2015:1461). It is worth noting that the "蚘" is falsely referred to as "" in the literature. Song Yang Shiying's "Ren Zhai Zhiji" Volume 6 "Spleen and Stomach" under the article "and Stomach Syndrome Treatment": "Wumei pill cures stomach cold, insect attack heartache, vomiting, and cold limbs. This sentence is also found in the paragraph of "Zhufang" in the twenty-fifth volume of the book, "Zhufang", and the word is "蚘". "You" and "冘" are similar to each other, and similar situations can be seen in "
"Writing variations can be made"
(Seen in the Great Chinese Dictionary - Face), "Writing Variations"
(Seen in "The Sea of Chinese Characters") and so on. The form of "" and "" is also similar. These materials can further confirm the definite falsification of "薾" as "蚘". In addition, in Chinese literature, "喾" is actually a group of homoglyphs. I will make a slight correction today. (1) "䖾" is also a false word for "clam". Qing Li Yuan's "Worm Fan" Volume 4 "Matter and Food Seventh": "Mirage, grub, chelate, spotted, purple shell, sea clam, kui clam, Chang'e." According to the mistake, "spotted clam" is a mistake of "spotted clam", and the same book of the sixth volume of "materials" contains "spotted clam" as a kind of mirage. "Spotted clams" (also known as "class clams", etc.) can also be found in Ming Mu Xiwen's "Collection of Python History", Ming Peng Dayi's "Shantang Examination", Qing Zhangying's "Yuanjian Class Letter", Qing Zhang Yushu's "Peiwen Yunfu", etc., these materials can prove that "Ban Ling" is "Spotted Clam". "䖾" is a false word for "clam". (2) "Yu" is also a false word for "alkane". Song Dingdu's "Tribute Style" contains the avoidance of the temple of Song Qinzong"
Woo Yu". For similar content, see Song Xie Shenfu's "Qingyuan Article Legal Affairs", vol. 3, "Temple Secret" (Qing manuscript), Qing Zhou Guangye's "Jing Shi Avoidance of Fame", vol. 20, "Song Qinzong" (Qing manuscript), etc. In today's examination of "Jiyun", the glyph between the flat sound "Huan" and "Xiaoyunxia" and "蒝" is "alkane", according to which it can be seen that "䖾" is a false word for "alkane", and the shape of "fire" and "insect" is close and wrong. (3) "䖾" is also a false word for "梡". Ming Liu Yinchang's "Liu's Mountains" Volume 2 "Instrument Palace": "Yu Yan: You are the beginning of the Yu. (Ming Wanli inscription) and Song Gaocheng's "Chronicle of Things" Volume 8 "Shiwu Utensils" "Qui", "Ming Tang Position" also said: There is Yu Shi Yi Yu. ("Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu" book) these two places of the "䖾俎" that is, "梡俎". "The Book of Rites: Ming Hall Position": "Yu, there are Yu's Yiji, Xiahou's Yishan, Yin Yiyu, and Zhou Yifang." This is the origin of "梡俎". The shape of "梡" is "wood" as "worm", and the word is "䖾". (4) "䖾" is also a false word for "輗". Qing Liu Ye's "Ye Yun Collection" Volume 8 "Han Delete the First Ye Yun" "Lun": "Yi Lin": The dragon was born in the abyss, ascended to heaven because of the wind, Zhang Hu Bingwen, defeated the bird Xuan, sent to the Wen Valley, and stayed in Kunlun at dusk. ("Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu" book) "Jiao's Yilin" volume 8 "Huan Hexagram" "Than": "The dragon was born in the abyss, ascended to heaven because of the wind, Zhang Hu Bingwen, defeated the fowl, sent to the warm valley, stayed in Kunlun at dusk, and was free from trouble for life, full of essence and shine, and was not troubled. Although there are slight differences in the text of this paragraph in different versions of "Jiao's Yilin", the content corresponding to "Fa Yu Wengu" is "Fa Hui Wen Gu", which shows that "She" is a false character for "輗", and the parts "車", "worm", "er" and "finish" are similar and wrong. (5) "喾" is also a heterogeneous character created by the replacement of the sound note of "meander". In the literature, "meandering" can be used as "meandering", such as Li Yuanyang's "Limit Door Fu" contained in volume 15 of "Gaozhou Mansion Chronicles": "The flow is meandering. (engraved in the twenty-fourth year of Qianlong) "meandering" means "meandering". "Meander" can also be used as "meandering", Qing Liu Binhua's "Lingnan Qunya" volume 1 contained Feng Yushan's "Dengjie Liang to Yuxiang fog sun, looking at the left Tianzhu peaks are very majestic, and a song is endowed": "Meandering Zhongtiao Mountain, thousands of miles to the east of the Pan River. (Qing Jiaqing eighteenth year jade pot mountain house carving) here "Xuan" is the inverted text of "Xuan". There is also "Xiang Pan" in the literature, which can be found in Fu Xuan's "Xiangfeng Fu" collected in Volume 5 of "Fu Yuan": "Because the image sets the shape, the Pan beast thinks it is a toe." (Ming Wanli carved book) "Jade Sea", "Han and Wei Six Dynasties One Hundred and Three Collections", "Beitang Book Banknotes", "Art and Literature Gathering", "Pei Wenyun Mansion", "Fu Hui Yi Sentences of the Past Dynasties", etc., are all "meandering", only "Yuanjian Class Letter" is provincial as "Wan". There are many poems that are similar to the semantics of "the beast thinks it is the toe", such as Jin Panyue's "Xiangfeng Fu": "The beast is on the lower toe." Jin Sun Chu's "Xiangfeng Fu": "Er is the root of the divine beast. The semantics of "丞" and "Pan" are the same, according to which it can be seen that "䖾" is entrenched in the meaning, which is being used as "meandering", and "䖾" is a later vulgar word (the phenomenon of similar phonetic note substitution is also seen in the "豌" variant character)
", "䝹" variant character as "
"Wait). (6) "Yu" is also a false word for "snake". This type is more common in handwritten documents, as well as typeset copies based on handwritten documents. For example, volume 10 of "Rebuilding Heshun County Chronicles": "The old dragon is entangled in stalagmites, and the moon is bright and the crane meets the waves." (The third year of the Republic of China) "Three Jin Dynasty Stone Carvings Daquan Jinzhong City and Shun County Volume" recorded in the "Youhe Mountain Yong" tablet and interpretation are slightly different from this poem, but "Yu" is the word "snake". Also, Hebei's "Dongming County New Chronicles" volume 22 "Memorabilia": "In the first year of Emperor Ling's Zhongping, the demon grass in the county of Juju was born, the stem was as big as a finger, and the shape was similar to a dove and a dragon and a ......" (the 22nd year of the Republic of China) This mysterious event is found in the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty". "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Five Elements Chronicles" is "shaped like a dove, a sparrow, a dragon, a snake, a bird and a beast". According to this, it can be seen that the "dragon 䖾" in the "Dongming County New Chronicle" is "dragon snake", and the "䖾" here is also the shape of the word "snake". "Snake" is the one who is "Yu", that is, "end" and "it" are close and wrong. In the Fang Zhi literature, "She" is also found in the "Chronicles of Maping County, Liuzhou Prefecture", Volume 2, "Property": "Gold, Wen, lotus leaves, She, snakehead." (Guangxu 21st year reprint) the 21st year of the Republic of China typeset edition "Liuzhou County Chronicles" volume 2 "Property" with "Yu". "䖾" is unknown, and it is suspected that it is a falsification of the word "蜺" for the variant of "salamander". Also, the "New Compilation Kang County Chronicles" volume 15 "Baiyun Cave" article: "There are also divine fish and water insects swimming in the meantime." (The 25th year of the Republic of China lithograph) here is suspected to be "Jiao". To sum up, the "䖾" in the "General Prescription for Pediatric Health" is a false word for "蚘", which can be sorted out as "Ascaris" today. In other literature, the words "clam", "alkane", "梡", "輗" and "snake" can all be falsely used as "䖾", and "䖾" is a variant of the replacement of "meander", which causes "䖾" in ancient Chinese books to become a homoglyph with multiple characters, and we need to be cautious in the process of collation. 4. Song and Tang Shenwei's "Zhenghe Materia Medica" volume 22 "Shrimp Toad": "Lei Gongyun: How many things are, don't misuse them." There are black tigers, there are yellow, there are yellow, there are moles, there are toads, and their shapes are different. …… Yellow, yellow all over, there is an umbilical cord under the abdomen, five or seven minutes long, where it lives, there is natural juice under the belt. (Mongolian Zhang's obscure Ming Xuan inscription) pressed, "Chinese Dictionary" and "Chinese Character Sea" were not received. Nowadays, people often transcribe the text without annotation, or copy it as "" (2011:600). The glyph of "Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu" is false"
”（V740P892）。 The Compendium of Materia Medica is cited in the same way as the Zhenghe Materia Medica. "Chinese Medical Dacheng" and "Lei Gong Cannon Pharmaceutical Sex Solution" was changed to "Yellow Clam". Similar content can also be found in Song Xie Weixin's "Ancient and Modern Combination of Things", volume 90, "Insect Elephant Gate, Frog", "General Theory of Things": "Frogs, shrimp and toads, several kinds. There are black tigers, there are yellow, there are yellow, there are moles, there are toads, there are mountain clams, and their shapes are different. …… Yellow all over the body, there is an umbilical cord under the abdomen, and it is five inches long and ......" ("Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu") Xie Weixin's "Ancient and Modern Combination of Things and Preparations" should be inherited from "Zhenghe Materia Medica", according to which it can be seen that the Song Dynasty has been made yellow. Also, Qing Li Yuan's "Worm Fan" Volume 1 "Thing Horse Second": "It is said that the yellow body is yellow, there is an umbilical cord under the abdomen, and it is inedible at the beginning of the first month." In the literature, "has" and "巳" are often confused, so "often written", which is similar to "
"Variant characters" (the heterogeneous characters of """"") constitute homographs. From the literal point of view, "yellow" should be a toad with yellow skin, and "yellow clam" just fits this characteristic. Ming Huang Zhongzhao's "Eight Fujian Tongzhi" volume 25 "Food, Native Products, Jianning Mansion": "Genus of insects: ...... Stone clams (shaped like field chickens and large, with yellow skin, commonly known as yellow clams, and extremely beautiful taste) ......" (1990:538) The Great Dictionary of Chinese Dialects contains the frog in Zhongshan, Guangdong, which refers to frogs as yellow clams. (1999:5300) "Sanqing Mountain, China's Most Beautiful Taoist Mountain": "Yellow clam: commonly known as 'yellow skin toad', is one of the specialties of Sanqing Mountain. The whole body is yellowish-brown, and the skin is wrinkled. Its sex is warm and can be used as medicine. Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" calls it 'clam'. Around 1959, Huaiyushan Pharmaceutical Factory made 'Yellow Clam Jisan'. (2012:138) It can be seen that the custom of eating frog clams has long existed in southern China. According to this, it can be known that "yellow" is the mistake of "yellow clam", and the cover part "fit" cursive writing is similar to the shape of "taboo" and wrong. There is also "stone (literature also mostly makes '')". Ming Mu Xiwen's "Collection of the History of the Toad" Volume 11 "All Insects" under the article "Toad": "In the deep valley of Shisheng, when encountering the south wind, it comes out, the back is black and prickly Lei, the two strands are very long, Xiaofeng people cherish it as the top grade, even the skin is steamed, and the taste lies in the skin. This section of the literature was inherited by Qing Chen Yuanlong's "Gezhi Jingyuan", Qing Wu Qian's "Baijinglou Poems", and Qing Liquan's "Different Names of Things". The Great Chinese Dictionary of Stone explains that "stone" is a kind of toad produced in the valley. Stone, a stone clam. Qing Ruan Yuanxiu, Chen Changqi and others compiled the "Guangdong Tongzhi" volume 98 "The Geography of the Land": "Stone clams, a sitting fish, the big one is heavy, the short item, the body is blue and black, the local people even eat the skin, the cloud can not be taken off, this brocade jacket." (Qingdao lithography) because the word "" is rarely used, and the literature mostly thinks that the word is from the insect and the taboo. For example, Ming Geng Suichao's "Examination of Famous Objects" Volume 4 "Insects and Interpretation": ": taboo. (Wanli inscription) Geng's should be based on the "Compendium of Materia Medica" and other documents to include the word "", and "taboo" as the sound of "". Wang Hongyuan's Kangxi Dictionary (Expanded Edition) adds the character "" (5) according to the "Worm Fan" and the Vietnamese character "jì" (2015:1461), and also uses "taboo" as the phonetic note. Judging from the fact that the physical objects corresponding to "stone" and "yellow" are toads and toads, this is similar to the Chinese nation's calling toads and toads "field chickens", "green chickens" and "water chickens". Therefore, "" is from the worm, taboo sound, the sound is the same as the chicken. 5.
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Song Chen Ziming's "Women's Complete Prescription" Volume 11 "Pregnant Women's Medicine Taboo Song": "Worm leeches and gall insects, aconitum aconite with Tianxiong." ("Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu", V742P618) Ming Xue has "Xue's Medical Case" volume 35 "Women's Prescription" "Pregnant Women's Medicine Taboo Song Sixth": "Worms □ leeches and gall insects, aconitum aconite with Tianxiong." ("Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu", V763P805 lower left) North Korean Lu Chongli, Yu Hyotong, Park Yunde, etc. "Township Medicine Formula" volume 57 "Pregnant Woman Medicine Taboo Song": "Worm leech ground gall worm, aconitum aconite with Tianxiong. According to the (Korean inscription), the three characters of """""" are not found in the "Great Chinese Dictionary" and "Zhonghua Character Sea". "Worm", "Worm" and "Worm" have the same context. Today's compilation of the "Women's Daquan Good Prescription" is mostly "newt" (2019:234), "Xue's Medical Case" and other "worms" (6) (1997:820), and the "Township Medicine Integrated Formula" compiled and published in Chinese mainland is also inherited as "worms" (2015:1305). It can be seen that there is still controversy in the understanding of this group of words in the Chinese medicine community. "Worm" is also seen in the "Pregnancy Pill Taboo Song" on the volume of "Fetal Heart Method" by Yan Chunxi of the Qing Dynasty: "Worm leeche, gall worm, aconitum aconite and Tianxiong." ("Continuation of the Four Libraries of the Whole Book", V1008P145) in this examination, "" is the later character constructed by the replacement parts of "spot", "" is the later character of the "spot" plus the shape "worm" construction, and "" is the later character of the "ban" plus the shape "worm" construction. Song Zhu Duanzhang's "Health Jiabao Obstetrics Preparations" Volume 5: "Prenatal taboo drugs, Lu Yi Zhou Dingji thought it was a song: worm spotted leech gall worm, aconitum aconite with Tianxiong. (engraved in the eleventh year of Song Chunxi) This should be the earliest source of "Pregnant Woman Medicine Taboo Song". After the Song Dynasty, the Chinese medicine literature mostly inherited this ballad, but some of the Chinese medicine literature contained the names of the ballads are slightly different, such as Ming Wanquan's "Guangsi Minutes" volume 6 called it "prenatal taboo drug song", Qing Liu Changdi's "Jiyin Bao Raft" volume 8 "Seeking the Heir Gate" called it "drug taboo", Ming Chen Wenzhi's "Guangsi Quanjue" volume 1 called it "medicine taboo", etc., Ming Sun Wenyin's "Dantai Yu Case" volume 5 called it "pregnancy drug taboo" and so on, but the content is basically the same. ("Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu" V769P753) Jin Li Gao's "Pearl Capsule Supplemental Medicinal Properties" Volume 2 "Medication Instructions" "Pregnancy Medication Forbidden Song": "Spotted cat (7) leeches and flies, aconitum aconite with Tianxiong. (Qing Guangxu carved book) this ballad should be based on the "Pregnant Woman Medicine Taboo Song", but slightly simplified. "Frog spot", "Worm class", "Worm", "Worm" and "Worm" refer to the same medicine, and the "spot" and "class" of "Worm Spot" and "Worm Class" are the abbreviations of "cantharid", and "spot" and "class""""""" are the original "Crab". "Saying Wen Insect Department": "Crabs, cantharids, poisonous insects." "Cantharids are poisonous, so you need to be cautious when using medicine. Some Confucian doctors were familiar with the "Shuowen Jiezi Five-Tone Rhyme Spectrum", etc., and when Ming Wang Kentang and others inherited the "Pregnant Women's Medicine Taboo Song", they changed "Worm Spot" to "Worm Frog" (see the "Medicine Taboo" article in Volume 64 of the "Criteria for Treatment" "Female Medicine, Fetal Front Door, Fetal Birth", and the Great Law). Cantharid, also known as "cantharid", "Shennong's Materia Medica": "Cantharid: pungent, cold, poisonous. The main cold and heat, ghost boils, Gu poison, rat fistula, scabies, malignant sores, eroding dead muscles, broken stone bleeding, hurting muscles, and abortion. (2011:290) It is precisely because cantharids have the effect of breaking blood and removing blood stasis that they have been listed as contraindications for pregnant women by many doctors. In the literature, "ban" and "ban" are commonly used, so "cantharid" is also called "bancanth" (seen in the "Su Shen Liangfang" volume 4 of the "Zhishu Zhai Series" under the article "Qi Inducing Dan") and so on. "Spotted" and "class" as """ should be influenced by the assimilation of the form of "worm" in the previous article and the shape of "worm" was added to highlight the meaning of cantharids; The "" is influenced by the assimilation of the shape of the "worm" in the previous article and changed the component "Wang (jade)" to "worm", the purpose is also to highlight the meaning of the cantharid. From this point of view, the three characters of """""" and "螌" constitute a group of variant character relationships. In addition, Peng Jianzhong and Wei Fu pointed to the second volume of the "General Guide to Taiping Huimin and Pharmacy Bureau": "Lu Yi's "Zhou Ding Ji" (8) thought that the song said: Crabs, leeches, gall worms, aconitum aconite and Tianxiong. (1997:134) The word "crab" here should be mistyped as the word "crab". 6. Song Qi Zhongfu's "100 Questions on Women's Science" volume "Fifty-eighth Question Those who have had an abortion in March of pregnancy and fall again in the month and day of the month": "Di Yu San, treatment of pregnancy damage to fetal cells, bleeding does not stop. Ground elm (three money) Dried ginger (three points) Angelica sinensis (three money) Keel (three money) Xiong Ling (three money) Artemisia leaf (half a tael) Ejiao (three money) Pu Huang (half a tael) Rehmanned land (one tael) Yellow cow bone (9) (one tael, burnt ash) Black bone (two money, burned ash) Atractylodes (half a tael). The right is fine, two dollars per serving, and the porridge is adjusted down, regardless of the time. (Ming Chongzhen engraved book) press, "" word has not been included in the previous dynasties. Today's compilation of "Hundred Questions on Women's Science" mostly organizes "black bones" as "black fish bones" (2012:56), and only Song Yongmei and Song Chang red dot school books, Du Huilan, Wang Yali and other school books are sorted out as "squid bones". "Diyu San" is a classic prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, and there are many variations, but all of them are based on Diyu which has the effect of cooling blood and stopping bleeding, detoxifying and reducing sores. The use of "black bones" into the ground was first seen in "Taiping Shenghuifang". Song Wang Huaiyin, Wang You and others "Taiping Shenghui Fang" volume 77 "Treatment of pregnancy and abortion after blood more than all prescriptions" "treatment of pregnancy damage to the fetus, blood does not stop, abdominal pain, elm scattered prescription": elm (three points, file) Dried ginger (one point, cracked, filed) Angelica (three coins, file, slightly fried) Keel (three points) Xiong Ling (three points) Artemisia leaves (half a tael, slightly fried) Ejiao (three points, mashed, fried to make the yellow dry) Cooked and dried rehmannia (one tael) Pu Huang (half a tael) Yellow horn (one tael, burnt ash) Atractylodes (half a tael) Squid fish bone (three points, burnt ash). The right piece of medicine, pounded and scattered. Regardless of the time, the porridge drink is adjusted down to two dollars. (1958:2430) This is the basis of Qi Zhongfu's "Hundred Questions on Women's Science". The use of "squid fish bone" to treat pregnant women who bleed due to fetal movement is based on traditional Chinese medicine that squid bones enter the foot syncope yin meridian and less yin meridian, and syncope yin is the organ that hides blood, so it has the effect of replenishing blood. The treatment of women's blood withering with squid bones is seen in the "Yellow Emperor's Neijing", "The Yellow Emperor's Neijing" Volume 11 "Treatise on the Abdomen": Qi Bo said: The disease is called blood dryness, and when he was young, he had a great loss of blood, and if he was drunk in the room, he was exhausted and his liver hurt, so the menstrual decline did not come. The emperor said: What can I do? What is the repetition? Qi Bo said: Take four black fish bones and one sir, the two things are combined, the pill is a bird's egg, as big as a small bean, five pills are used as the back meal, and the abalone juice is used to benefit the intestines, and the liver is also injured. (2014:137) The Shennong Classic of Materia Medica provides a more comprehensive record of the medicinal properties of squid bones. "Shennong's Materia Medica" Volume 21: Squid fish bones are salty, lukewarm, and non-toxic. The main woman leaked red and white, menstrual juice and blood closed, yin erosion, swelling and pain, cold and fever, childlessness, frightening abdomen, abdominal pain around the umbilicus, cold and swelling in the yin. It's childless. It also stops sores and pus, and the juice is not dry. (A conch cricket, a squid bone). (2011:280) This is the basis for ancient physicians to put squid fish bones into the elm soup recipe. The "thief" of "squid", "Shuowen Jiezi" is "Fish", "Shuowen Yubu": "Fish, blackfish, fish name." crucian carp, carp or from immediate. ""Fish" is also known as "鱡" (found in "Guangyun Deyun"), "
(Seen in "Jade Chapter: Insect Department"), "
(Seen in "Collection of Rhymes, Moral Rhymes"), "
(Seen in "Zhiyin Chapter: Fish Department"), "䰹" (found in "Zhengzitong Fish Department"), and Silverfish (found in "Zhengzi Tong Insect Department", which is simplified by human beings today"
etc., while the upper and lower structures of the "
"It is not found in the previous dynasties, and it is not included in the contemporary large-scale character books, and the glyphs can be added to the book when the revision of large-scale character books such as the Great Chinese Dictionary. In addition, the "black" of "cuttlefish" is also used as "squid", etc., which leads to the diversity of the word "cuttlefish" in Chinese literature, and these heteromorphic words are also reflected in the Chinese medicine literature compiled by today, such as the simplified Chinese medicine literature "squid" and "squid". We believe that "squid" should be the standard form of this group of heteromorphic words, and in the simplified Chinese version of the Chinese literature, it should be unified as "squid", not "squid", etc., so the current compilation of the "Hundred Questions of the Female Subject" should be corrected.
Notes* This paper is a general project of the National Social Science Fund of China "Research on the Use of Characters in Ancient Books of Chinese Medicine in Materia Medica" (22BYY122), a key project of the Collaborative Innovation Project of the Department of Education of Shaanxi Province "Collation and Research on Difficult Vulgar Words in Ancient Books of Chinese Medicine in Materia Medica" (22JY061), a key scientific research project of the Department of Education of Shaanxi Province "Collation and Research on Seven Kinds of Rare Manuscripts of Japanese "Secret Recipes of Foreign Taiwan" (22JZ035), and a youth project of the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of the Ministry of Education "Interpretation and Research of Difficult Words in Ancient Books of Chinese Medicine in Jinyuan" (22YJC740108), Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, "Three Research on Three Kinds of Rare Manuscript Manuscripts of Japanese "Qianjinfang" Proofreading" (SZY-KJCYC-2023-041). This article was presented at the 4th Annual Conference on Modern Chinese Character Studies (2022, Nanjing). (1) "V745P335" refers to volumes 745 and 335 of the Wenyuan Pavilion Siku Quanshu. The same applies hereinafter. (2) Peach people, now commonly known as "peach kernels". (3) "The Great Chinese Dictionary and Other Included Character Works"
”。 (4) The meaning of the word "食" in the Great Chinese Dictionary is "to give people to eat"; Support. Later, it was mistaken for "feeding", and the punctuation was mistakenly made "chicken is not edible for children; Food, so that roundworms. (2010:4730A) as a correction. (5) Vietnam calls "crab" "kun". Wang Hongyuan (2015:1461) also called the "flower crab" as "" in Vietnamese, and the larvae of mosquitoes "孑孓"
”。 (6) Sheng Weizhong, editor-in-chief of Xue Lizhai Medical Encyclopedia, mistakenly referred to as "worm" (2015:900). (7) The original version of "Revising Cao's Medical Masterpieces" is "Worm Spot", which should be corrected according to other medical books. (8) The sentence "Zhou Dingji thought it was a song" should delete the title of the book, and the collator mistakenly judged the phrase of the subject-verb structure to be the title of the book with a definite structure. (9) "䚡", Ming Chongzhen's engraved book was mistakenly made for "cheeks". There is no "cattle bone" in the literature of traditional Chinese medicine. "Ox bones" or this work "Ox Horns". "Ox bones" into the ground is found in the "Taiping Shenghui Fang" volume 77, and the name of the "Puji Fang" is "Ejiaosan", also known as "Ox Bone". Diyu scatter contains "ox horns", which can be found in the official medical books of the Northern Song Dynasty, such as "Taiping Shenghui Fang" and "Shengji General Record". Reference[Tang]Sun Simiao, 2011, "Preparing for Emergencies", China Medical Science and Technology Press. Wang Tao 2011 "Secret Recipes for Outer Taiwan", China Medical Science and Technology Press. Chen Ziming, 2019, "Women's Complete Prescriptions", China Medical Science and Technology Press. Miao Xiyong 2011 Shennong's Materia Medica, China Medical Science and Technology Press. Qi Zhongfu 2012 "100 Questions on Female Science", China Medical Science and Technology Press. Tang Shenwei 2011 "Reconstructing Political and Historical Evidence Alternate Materia Medica", China Medical Science and Technology Press. Wang Huaiyin, Wang You, et al., 1958, Taiping Shenghuifang, People's Medical Publishing House. Zan Yin, 2011, "Economic Effect and Production Treasure", China Medical Science and Technology Press. Cheng Wuji, 2004, Annotated Treatise on Typhoid Fever (2nd Edition), People's Medical Publishing House. Editorial Committee of the Great Chinese Dictionary (Compilation) 2010 The Great Chinese Dictionary, Sichuan Lexicographical Publishing House, Chongshu Publishing House. Huang Xiong, Cui Xiaoyan, 2009, Interpretation of Materia Medica, Shanxi Science and Technology Press. Huang Zhongzhao 1990 "Eight Fujian Tongzhi", Fujian People's Publishing House. Miao Qiyu 1982 "Qi Min Yao Shu School Interpretation", Agricultural Press. Park In-beom, Yin Myeong-ho, 2015, "Township Medicine Integrated Formula", Jilin Science and Technology Press. Qian Chaochen, Wen Changlu et al., 2008, "Jinling Ben Compendium of Materia Medica" New Correction, Shanghai Science and Technology Press. Sheng Weizhong (Editor-in-Chief) 2015 Xue Lizhai Medical Encyclopedia, China Traditional Chinese Medicine Press. Shuai Jingzhi 2012 "Sanqing Mountain, China's Most Beautiful Taoist Mountain", Guangdong Tourism Publishing House. Wang Hongyuan, 2015, Kangxi Dictionary (Expanded Edition), Social Sciences Academic Press. Wang Yongyan 2018 "Innovation in Interpretation", Journal of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 8. Xu Baohua (Japanese) Miyata Ichiro 1999 "Chinese Dialect Dictionary", Zhonghua Book Company. Xu Jiangyan and Xu Zhenguo 2015 Zhang Zihe Medical Encyclopedia, China Publishing House of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Mr. Ye 2023 "Word Sea Net" (http://zisea.com/). Zhang Huifang, Yi Guangqian, 1997, Xue's Medical Case, China Publishing House of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
This article was originally published in Chinese Character Studies, Issue 2, 2023