Along the old Guikun Railway from east to west, just out of the Liuzhi Railway Station, on the south side, a crescent-shaped lake comes into view. Towering red chimneys jug into the sky, and Soviet-style red brick houses are hidden among the green trees by the lake, reminiscent of the time and space intertwined between magic and reality in the movie "Sunny Days".
The production plant of the Liuzhi Power Plant has been in operation since 1960. (According to the network map)
Every time the train leaves Liuzhi Station, 69-year-old Wei Yasha looks south: "This is the Dongfeng Reservoir, where we washed clothes when I was a child, and my younger brother and sister fluttered in the lake and eventually learned to swim...... The Dongfeng Reservoir that Lao Wei refers to is the cooling lake of the Liuzhi Power Plant.
The lake water is a small-scale reservoir of natural accumulation. In 1956, the Ministry of Coal decided to develop the Liupanshui coalfield in Guizhou in accordance with the spirit of the Beijing Conference of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. In 1958, the geological exploration and mine construction of the Liuzhi mining area started at the same time. On July 12 of this year, 22 demobilized cadres from the army and cadres transferred from the old area were stationed in the Liuzhi mining area by car, and the construction of the mining industry in Liuzhi kicked off vigorously. Since then, the industrial history of the land of Liuzhi has unfolded a magnificent narrative, and the construction of the third line narrates the industrialization process in an epic chapter.
Pioneers carry out three-line construction on their shoulders (according to the network map)
Imported generator sets were put into use to achieve industrial production guarantee
According to the memories of the first generation of "third-line pioneers", the first problem in industrial production was to solve the bottleneck of power generation and electricity consumption when drilling mines at the beginning of entering the mining area.
According to the records of Liuzhi Mine, from 1958 to the beginning of 1960, most of the construction power supply used in the seven work areas of the mining area at that time was a 40KW small diesel generator set produced by Shandong Weifang Diesel Engine Factory, with a distribution voltage of 380/220 volts, spontaneous, self-managed and self-used, with poor facilities, no guarantee of electricity, and slow construction speed.
The difficult scene of the construction of the mining area in the early stage of the construction of the third line. (According to the network map)
In order to solve the problem of electricity consumption in the mining area, in October 1958, the power plant in the Liuzhi mining area officially began to be built, and the site was located on more than ten acres of land at the corner between the north of Liuzhi Street and the Dongfeng Reservoir.
At the beginning of 1959, the initial scale of two 1500KW turbine generator sets of thermal power plant officially started, and the design and installation were carried out in two phases. Unit 1 adopts 3.15 kV and 1500 kV generators, 6.6/3.15 kV and 2100 kVA transformers, single-cylinder hybrid condensing steam turbines and single-cylinder drum inclined water tube chain furnace boilers produced in Hungary.
On February 7, 1960, the Liuzhi Power Plant was officially put into operation.
A slogan that has been preserved on the walls of the factory for more than half a century. (According to the network map)
Electricity changes living conditions in mountainous areas
"The reservoir is actually a cooling lake for the power plant's generator sets. Li Zhiguo, director of the Propaganda Department of Liuzhi Industrial and Mining Group, told reporters.
In the year the Liuzhi Power Plant started, Wei Yasha, who was only 5 years old, moved with her parents from Langdai to Majiaotian on Liuzhi Street - in just nine years, Langdai County was renamed Liuzhi City, Liuzhi County, and Liuzhi Special Zone, and moved to Xiayingpan, 50 kilometers northeast. During the nine years of living in Liuzhi Street, the Dongfeng Reservoir, which is less than 1 kilometer away, is not only the first choice for the neighbors to wash their clothes, but also a paradise for the teenagers to play.
Looking at the Guikun Railway across the lake, the iron trees planted in the middle of the factory have witnessed the ups and downs of industrial production and life changes for more than half a century. Deng Qian/photo
"At that time, there was no electricity in Liuzhi County, so we had to rely on kerosene lamps for lighting after dark, and there was no running water, so we had to pick up water from the well, and we had to carry our clothes to the wide Dongfeng Reservoir lake. Adults and children alike come here to swim. The power plant regularly discharges hot water, and many villagers come here to take a bath. Wei Yasha recalled. Hot water is actually the hot water that is replaced by the power plant after it has been cooled and cooled, and in the early days of the industrial age, this public heat energy also brought some unexpected convenience to the surrounding residents.
Liuzhi Power Plant Department. Deng Qian/photo
At the same time as the construction of the first unit, on the one hand, the organization of the power plant was prepared. On the other hand, the mechanical and electrical installation team of the Mining Area Construction Engineering Office erected five 6,000-volt wooden pole distribution lines, with Line 1 running from the power plant to the Laomaqingdi Zonggong area, with a total length of 5.2 kilometers; Line 2 from the power plant to Xiayunpan and Maojiazhai Work Area (the line was only erected to Xiayunpan), with a total length of 7.5 kilometers; Line 3 from the power plant to the Liuzhi work area, with a total length of 2.4 kilometers; Line 4 from the power plant to the Liangshuijing Mine, with a total length of 6 kilometers; and Line 5 from the power plant to Maomaodong, pour makan work area, the whole plant is 6 kilometers. After the construction of Maomaodong and Baomakan was suspended, Line 5 became a rural distribution line, and in 1983, it was handed over to Xinhua District of Liuzhi Special Economic Zone for management and use. Since then, the Liuzhi area has finally evolved from an agricultural society supported by kerosene lamps to a modern town, and has begun to enter the historical stage of industrialization. The lights depend on each other, electrical appliances enter the home, and every household is full of longing for the "realization of the four modernizations".
The Liuzhi Power Plant, which has contributed to the third-line industry for more than half a century, has ceased its former mission. As a national and provincial industrial site, it will always witness the development process of Guizhou's industry. Deng Qian/photo
The construction of coal mines in the mining area has begun to take shape
Combined with the "Liuzhi Industrial and Mining Chronicles" and the memories of the first generation of "third-line" pioneers, the second phase of the power plant project was also in full swing at the end of 1958.
Unit 2 is a domestic 6.3 thousand volt, 1500 kilowatt generator, impulse condensing steam turbine and flap grate coal throwing furnace boiler, which was completed and put into operation in September 1961 as the backup power supply of Unit 1.
Unit 2. Deng Qian/photo
After the No. 2 unit was put into operation, in early 1962, the No. 4 line could be used as a backup for each other in the Liuzhi Mine Line and the Liangshuijing Mine Line, and in the event of an accident on either line, the other line could be used for the two mines.
In 1965, the two generating units of the power plant could no longer meet the electricity needs of the mining area. In April 1965, after the opening of the Liuzhi Railway (the Guiyang-Liuzhi section of the "Guikun Line"), within one year, the Southwest Coal Mine Construction Headquarters (i.e., Dahua Farm) successively rented three train power stations with a single capacity of 2,500 kilowatts from the Train and Electric Power Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power as the power supply for the construction of the expanded mining area. Of the three trains, numbered 45 are set up next to the Dongfeng Reservoir, close to the power plant, and merged into the power plant for operation.
The unique Soviet-style factory was built more than 60 years ago. Deng Qian/photo
In November 1965, Comrade Deng Xiaoping took a special train to carry out on-the-spot investigation of the construction of the third line in the southwest, attaching great importance to the construction of the power grid, and proposing that "it is impossible to do without the power grid." There is coal in Guizhou, and there is a shortage of thermal power. Guizhou should make a good plan and make comprehensive use of it, and all walks of life must have a plan for how many factories to build here, what they want, how much they want, and how to solve the problem. On the 23rd of the same month, when inspecting the construction of the Liupanshui Coal Mine Base, the special train stopped at the bridgehead of the Dongfeng Reservoir that night.
After the train power station entered the mining area, it was connected to the power plant to form a 6,000-volt high-voltage distribution system. In 1965, four 6,000-volt distribution trunk lines were added: Line 6 with a total length of 1.2 kilometers from the power plant to Sijiaotian Mine, Line 6 was the connecting line between the power plant and the train, with a total length of 6.5 kilometers, the Train Line was 3 kilometers from 47 trams to the Dizong Mine, and Line 4 was 5.8 kilometers long from the power plant to the Liangshuijing Mine.
The Liuzhi Power Plant and the Guikun Railway face each other across the Dongfeng Reservoir. Deng Qian/photo
The Southwest Coal Mine Construction Headquarters decided to expand the third unit of the power plant, and the expansion project began in April 1966 and was completed and put into operation in early 1967. The unit is a 6.3 kV, 3000 kW generator, a single-cylinder impulsive condensing steam turbine and a shaft hammer mill pulverized coal furnace boiler produced in Romania.
So far, the capacity of the generator set in the mining area has reached 13,500 kilowatts, including 7,500 kilowatts of train electricity and 6,000 kilowatts of power plants.
Substation facilities. Deng Qian/photo
The industrial handover system is strict and humane
One day in April 2024, on a lazy spring afternoon, 57-year-old Yuan Zuyi sat in the duty room of the power plant's gatekeeper to register incoming and outgoing vehicles. Since the shutdown of the power plant, the guard has become the last shift of his "worker".
A one-foot-thick cement sentry box stands on the north side of the gray power plant's gate, which rises 1,339 meters above sea level. The six-storey building more than 10 meters north of the sentry box was the single dormitory for workers in those years, although it has been idle for many years, but the arc-shaped exterior walls on the east and west sides, the terrazzo floor and the mosaic glass curtain façade in the building bear witness to the status of workers 40 years ago. "7 dormitories per floor, 42 dormitories in total. During the 'three shifts', in order to ensure the rest of the workers, 3 to 4 workers in each dormitory rest and make up for the sleep during their shifts. ”
Yuan Zuyi was transferred to the Liuzhi Power Plant in the 80s of the 20th century, and once waved a shovel in front of the flap furnace of Unit 2 to throw the thermal coal shovel into the coal throwing furnace to burn it to generate electricity. The factory building on the northwest side of the factory chimney is now idle and is the position he fought for more than 30 years.
"At that time, there was a canteen in the power plant, and welfare was distributed during the New Year's holidays, and in those days, materials were scarce, and working as a worker in the power plant was a job that the surrounding residents envied. Yuan Zuyi still remembers that, like front-line workers in coal mines, there is a strict time management system for power plant work:
"The morning shift is from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., the middle shift is from 16 p.m. to 24 p.m., and the evening shift is from 0 a.m. to 8 p.m. the next day. Workers are divided into four shifts in shifts, and one shift is rotated out to adjust the rest!"
The system is on the wall, and the discipline publicity has formed an iron law more than half a century ago. Deng Qian/photo
Boiler workers are very hard work, although the factory has a strict attendance system, in order to make the previous shift workers can leave work on time, the successor workers will arrive at the post half an hour in advance and start work 10 minutes in advance. "At its peak, there were more than 300 people. Later, the manual shoveling of coal was gradually replaced by machinery, and then the relevant parameters were adjusted by instrument control. ”
Under the integration of historical conditions, Liuzhi Power Plant and the Bulin Substation, which was put into operation in early 1967, assumed the main force of the power supply and distribution network in the mining area.
Over the years, for more than half a century, creeper vines have spread all over the stone walls. Deng Qian/photo
From production to life, the Liuzhi Power Plant gradually undertakes a small amount of load from local enterprises and nearby rural areas. Since then, the Liuzhi Power Plant has gradually become an auxiliary security power source in the mining area. At the end of 2014, the Liuzhi Power Plant officially stopped production. Since then, the Liuzhi Power Plant, which is the starting point of the third-line industry, has gradually withdrawn from the historical stage, and the first Hungarian-made 1500KW unit put into operation on February 7, 1960 has been donated to the Guizhou Third-line Construction Museum.
Postscript:
Recently, the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology announced the list of the first batch of industrial heritage in Guizhou Province, and 16 places, including Liuzhi Mining Area and Guizhou Transistor Factory, Moutai Liquor Brewing Workshop, and the former site of Meitan Central Experimental Tea Factory, were identified as the first batch of industrial heritage in Guizhou Province.
The identification of the first batch of industrial heritage in Guizhou Province is based on the "Guizhou Provincial Industrial Heritage Management Measures" issued by the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology in December 2023. In the list, there are 6 national industrial heritage sites, including Liuzhi Mining Area and Moutai Distillery Workshop, Liyang Aero Engine Company, Guizhou Wanshan Mercury Mine, Changzheng Electric Factory 12, and the former site of Guifei Strength Test Center.
The industrial heritage of Guizhou Province recognized this time has the characteristics of distinctive industrial characteristics, outstanding heritage value, good state of preservation, high management level and clear property rights. In view of the utilization of industrial heritage in Guizhou Province, the Measures for the Management of Industrial Heritage in Guizhou Province stipulate that it should be combined with urban transformation and development, pay attention to ecological protection, overall protection, and surrounding protection, and coexist in harmony with nature and humanity.
In addition, in terms of utilization and development, the "Guizhou Provincial Industrial Heritage Management Measures" also stipulates from "one strengthening, two supports, and three encouragements".
Guizhou Daily Tianyan News reporter Deng Qian
Edited by Xiang Qiuyue
Second instance Liu Dinghui
Third trial Sun Qin