According to historical records, the Shang Dynasty already had orthodox temple names such as Taizu, Shizu, Taizong, Zhongzong, Gaozong, and Sejong.
Shang Taizu: Into soup. Shang Taizong: Taijia. Shang Shizu: Pan Geng. Shang Zhongzong: Tai Peng or Zu Yi. Shang Gaozong: Wu Ding. Shang Shizong: Zu Jia.
The difference is that the "Records of History" records that Emperor Zhongzong of Shang was Tai Peng. According to the Bamboo Book Chronicle, Emperor Zhongzong of Shang was Zu Yi.
These seven monarchs are also recognized as Ming monarchs among the monarchs of the Shang Dynasty in the ancient and pre-Qin history books. [From Tang to Wu Ding, the Sage King 67 works.] [Fu Tang, Tai Jia, Wu Ding, Zu Yi, the grand prince of the world. 】
The Shang Dynasty's title for the monarch was to be called a king at birth, an emperor after death, and a son of heaven by the mandate of heaven.
According to the oracle bones unearthed in modern times, when the Shang Dynasty sacrificed, it would be the ancestor of the Shang clan; the seventh leader of the Shang clan, who was first called Wang Hai; and the founder of the Shang Dynasty, Cheng Tang (real name: Tianyi), all called [Gao Zu]: Gao Zu Kui (Qi), Gao Zu Hai (Wang Hai), Gao Zu Yi (Cheng Tang). - It may be considered that the "Gaozu" at this moment is not a particularly formal temple number of the Shang Dynasty, but a title for the ancestors of great significance.
The Zhou Dynasty abolished temple names, created a system of courtesy titles, and formally established the title of monarch as "Son of Heaven". Qin Shi Huang established the imperial system, the first title of emperor, and abolished the system of titles.
Liu Han Dynasty:
After Liu Bang of the Han Dynasty established a new dynasty, he simultaneously inherited the Tianzi system of the Zhou Dynasty and the emperor system of Qin Shi Huang, with the Three Seals of the Heavenly Son and the Three Seals of the Emperor, respectively, and the new king ascending the throne had different succession ceremonies for the Tianzi and the Emperor. At the same time, the temple number of the Shang Dynasty and the name of the Zhou Dynasty were also restored.
The first Tianzi and Emperor of the Han Dynasty: Liu Bang, the temple name Taizu, the courtesy name is Emperor Gao.
Subsequently, Emperor Wen of Han Liu Heng, temple name Taizong. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che, temple number Sejong. Emperor Xuan of Han, Emperor Zhongzong. Emperor Liu Xiu of the Han Dynasty, the ancestor of the temple. Emperor Liu Zhuang of The Han Dynasty, Emperor Xianzong of the Temple. Emperor Liu Ofhan, temple number Suzong.
The temple names of the Han Dynasty were given very strictly, and the Wenzhi martial arts of the Han Dynasty such as Emperor Wudi of Han and Emperor Xuan of Han were only "Sejong" and "Zhongzong", and would not be called a certain ancestor like some later dynasties.
Continuing the rule of Wenjing, quelling the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, and also being the direct ancestor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Han Jing Emperor, who was not honored with a temple title for four hundred years in the two Han Dynasties.
The "Gaozong" temple number of the Han Yuan Emperor Liu Yi was originally added to the cheap uncle in order to please his aunt Wang Zhengjun when Wang Mang was in power, based on the merit of "chasing and cutting down Zhi Shan Yu", but this matter was obviously Chen Tang's own initiative, and the life and deeds of Emperor Han Yuan were completely unworthy, and it was even more eye-catching than Emperor Wu's "Shizong" and Emperor Xuan's "Zhongzong".
Therefore, after the Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu overthrew Xin Mang and revived the Han Dynasty, he unceremoniously removed it, along with the "Tongzong" of the Hancheng Emperor Liu Xiao and the "Yuanzong" of the Hanping Emperor Liu Yan, in the name of Wang Mang's chaotic government, and in the temple number where Wang Mang was in power, only the "Zhongzong" of Emperor Xuan of Han was retained.
Liu Zhao, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, during his reign, destroyed the Northern Xiongnu, surrendered the Southern Xiongnu, pacified the Thirty-Six Kingdoms of the Western Regions, rebuilt the Western Regions Capital Protectorate, and created the "Yongyuan Long" of the Eastern Han Dynasty, only to have a "Muzong" ordinary temple number.
In fact, in the era of Emperor Xian of Han, he was cut down together with the "Gongzong" of The Han An Emperor Liu Hu, the "Jingzong" of the Han Shun Emperor Liu Bao, and the "Weizong" of the Han Huan Emperor Liu Zhi, on the grounds that "there is no merit and it is not appropriate to call the Emperor", which is indeed a major unjust case.
Of course, this incident was originally the act of Dong Zhuo, who was in the monopoly at that time, when faced with the rebellion of local warlords in various states and counties.
[Yes, there is a Si Song, and the four emperors of He, An, Shun, and Huan have no merit, and it is not appropriate to call them Emperors, and the three empresses of Gonghuai, Jingyin, and Gongyi are not zhengyi, and after they are not properly titled, please remove the honorific titles.] "Yes." "】
As for the Jian'an era when Emperor Xian of Han broke away from the control of the warlords of Western Liang after Dong Zhuo's death and cooperated with Cao Cao, he never thought of restoring the temple name of Emperor Han and Emperor, probably because Liu Hong, the han ling emperor, was the grandson of Emperor Liu Zhao of Han and the great-grandson of Liu Kai, the prince of Hejian, and the blood of Han and emperor was not his direct ancestor.
In addition, before the Yin Shang Dynasty, the ancestor of the Shang people, the first to be called Wang Hai, and the founder of the dynasty into a tang, the sacrifice was mixed with "Gao Zu", and according to the Zhou rites: the Son of Heaven was first ordained, and the princes were first enthroned.
For the Han Dynasty, in addition to being the "Han Taizu" who was first appointed as the Son of Heaven, Liu Bang was certainly also the "Han Gaozu" who was first named the King of Han.
From the time Sima Qian referred to Liu Bang, the "Emperor Gao of Han Taizu", as "Gao Zu" in the "Records of History", it can be considered that Liu Bang actually had two temple names at the same time, "Han Taizu" at the time of formal sacrifice, and "Han Gaozu" in common sense.
Cao Wei Dynasty:
After the Cao Wei Dynasty, Cao Cao, who was "first enthroned" as the King of Wei, as the de facto founding monarch, had the temple name "Taizu". "First ordained", the Wei Wen Emperor Cao Pi, who officially became the Son of Heaven, had the temple name "Gaozu" and was also the first emperor to have an official "Gaozu" temple number. At the same time, the order of "Gao Zu is slightly lower than Taizu" is clarified.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of Jin clearly state that Cao Pi was "Emperor Zuwen of Wei Gao". [Emperor Wu built Hongji, put aside chaos and danger, and became Wei Taizu.] Emperor Wen succeeded to the Heavenly Revolution and was appointed Emperor Gaozu of Wei. 】
It was not until the Zizhi Tongjian that Cao Pi's temple name was inexplicably changed to "Shizu", and the Romance of the Three Kingdoms followed this usage: Wang Si Tuyun: "My Ancestral Emperor Wen, Shenwen Shengwu, Inherit the Great Unification, Ying Tianheren, Fa Yao Zen Shun..."
The reason for this may be that Sima Guang copied the wrong book, or it may be that in the later Northern Wei Dynasty, Zun Yuanhong was "Emperor Xiaowen of Wei Gaozu", from the name of the country to the temple and Cao Pi are too similar, in order not to be confused, in their books, forcibly changed the ancient Cao Pi to "Emperor Zuwen of Wei Shi", and then Sima Guang copied the version after the Northern Wei Dynasty...
And the Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui, on his merits, rejected Zhuge in the west, liaodong in the east, retired Sun Wu in the south, and begged Xianbei in the north, if he was called "Emperor Taizong of Great Wei", it was still qualified, however, Cao Rui had to invent a "Liezu" temple number for himself before he died, becoming the "Three Ancestors" of Cao Wei forever. Could it be that he did not have a biological son, and took his adopted son Cao Fang as his heir, worried that things would be as tragic as Han and Emperor? ——It is true that the predecessors have stumbled, and the posterity has been warned.
However, the two auxiliary ministers that Cao Rui had chosen before his death, Cao Shuang and Sima Yi, directly caused his young heirs, along with the entire Cao Wei Dynasty, to die short. Why bother with the calculations of the organs, but there is no access to his father Cao Pi: a country that has been immortal since ancient times!