introduction
Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang were two staunch Marxists, and their contacts began during the Yan'an period. During the Liberation War, the two led the Battle of Sibao Linjiang together.
The two of them were like-minded, in the same boat, knew each other for decades, supported each other, respected each other, and forged a deep friendship.
Pictured| Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang in Nanman
01 Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang and life trajectory
In July 1979, Xiao Jinguang became vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress. At the Twelfth National Congress, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee and a member of the Central Advisory Committee.
Xiao Jinguang's life was full of ups and downs and experienced many tribulations. Xiao Jinguang deeply admired the strength and frankness he showed in his adversity.
Chen Yun believes that the reason why He can support Xiao Jinguang to come out of adversity is because he has the discipline and ideals of a communist, and because he has selflessness and positive values.
In September 1987, Chen Yun adapted it into a poem based on Bai Juyi's "Five Songs of Letting Go":
When The Duke of Zhou feared the rumors, when Wang Mang was humble and humble to corporal, he died in the first place, and who knew the truth or falsity of his life?
Who are Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang, and what is their extraordinary life trajectory?
Picture | the front row from the left are Bogu, Mao Zedong, Lin Boqu, Chen Yun, Xiao Jinguang and others
Born on June 13, 1905 in Qingpu County, Jiangsu Province, Chen Yun lost his father at the age of two, lost his mother at the age of 4, was raised by his aunt and uncle, went to junior high school at the age of nine, and later spent two months studying in a commercial school.
During this time, he learned bookkeeping and abacus. However, due to his family's financial difficulties, Chen Yun could only drop out of school and go home.
In 1917, Chen Yun came to the school on the recommendation of Du Hengbo, the principal of Yan'an Primary School in Liantang Town, and in 1919, under the introduction of the class teacher, he came to the Shanghai Commercial Printing House as an apprentice.
In 1925, after the outbreak of the May Thirtieth Movement, Chen Yun also participated in it. Due to his outstanding performance in this movement, in August of the same year, he served as chairman of the strike committee of the Commercial Printing House Distribution Center, leading and participating in the commercial printing house strike and achieving great victories.
Soon, Chen Yun joined the Communist Party of China and began to organize the activities of the Communist Party. In 1927, after the defeat of the Great Revolution, Chen Yun was appointed by the party committee to leave the commercial printing house and return to his hometown of Qingpu to launch an armed peasant rebellion.
Photo | Chen Yun
After that, Chen Yun successively served as the director of the Organization Department of the Songpu Special Committee for Approval, the secretary of the Qingpu County CPC Committee, the standing committee member of the Jiangsu Provincial CPC Committee and the secretary of the Agricultural Committee, the inspector of The Huning Of jiangsu Province, the secretary of the district party committee of Shanghai Fanan and Zhabei of the CPC, the secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial CPC Committee, and the director of the Organization Department, and successively led the workers' and peasant movements.
In 1922, after Chen Yun came to the Central Soviet Region, he served as the secretary of the Party Group of the Central Executive Bureau of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, responsible for leading the work of the trade union.
Xiao Jinguang was born on January 4, 1903 in Yuelushan Township, Changsha, Hunan Province, to an ordinary peasant family. In 1907, he came to Changsha Changjun Middle School to study. During his school studies, Xiao Jinguang was influenced by the May Fourth Movement and actively participated in the anti-imperialist patriotic movement held for a long time.
In 1920, Xiao Jinguang joined the Socialist Youth League. In 1921, appointed by the organization, Xiao Jinguang came to the Soviet Union to study. In 1922, Heung-kuo joined the Communist Party of China. In 1924, called by the organization, he returned to his homeland and came to Anyuan to engage in the workers' movement.
After the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists, Xiao Jinguang participated in the Northern Expedition and served as a party representative of the Sixth Division of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
In 1927, after the defeat of the vigorous Revolution, Xiao Jinguang was entrusted by the organization to study at the Leningrad Tormav Military and Political Academy, and did not return to China until 1930. After returning to China, Xiao Jinguang successively served as the principal of the Red Army School, the chief of staff of the Fujian-Guangdong-Gansu Border Region, and the director of the Political Department.
In the second half of 1933, after half a year of preparations, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign against the Central Soviet Region.
Photo | Xiao Jinguang
At this time, the "Left" mistakes represented by Wang Ming began to rise, and they were implemented by the whole people in the base areas, and under the guidance of the erroneous policy of "guarding against the enemy from the country's gates," the base areas and the Red Army were greatly destroyed and affected.
At this time, Xiao Jinguang was the commander of the Fujian-Gansu Military Region, and although our army led its troops to fight to the death, the result was repeated defeats. In the brutal military struggle, Xiao Jinguang did not die in the enemy's artillery fire, but almost died in the struggle.
Because Xiao Jinguang put forward different opinions on what they did, he was criticized as "the representative of luoming's line in the army", and in the name of the battle of Huwan and the fall of Lichuan, he was dismissed from his post and sent to the military magistrate's court for trial.
Although Xiao Jinguangshi proved that he was not at fault, he was expelled from the military and the party and sentenced to five years in prison. It was under Mao's protection that Xiao Jinguang was released after a month of detention and was later transferred to the Red Army University as a faculty member.
02 Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang's first acquaintance and interaction
At this time, the intersection between Xiao Jinguang and Chen Yun was not very much. But Chen Yun had already heard about Xiao Jinguang.
Picture | Xiao Jinguang and others in Nanman
In the Central Soviet Region, Xiao Jinguang served as the political commissar of the Red Fifth Army, which was changed by the 26th Army of the Nationalist Army in ningdu uprising. Because of his excellent job performance, Chen Yun heard about him.
Under the influence of Wang Ming's left-leaning line, Wang Ming was sentenced to justice and expelled from the party, and Chen Yun also heard about it.
Due to the erroneous "Left" line, this caused great losses to the Red Army base areas. In October 1934, the Red Army was forced to embark on the road of the Long March. The University of the Red Army was downsized into a cadre brigade at the regimental level of the Central Military Commission, with Xiao Jinguang as the commander of the brigade.
In this mighty long march, Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang both joined in.
Chen Yun successively served as the political commissar of the column of the Central Military Commission and the representative of the CPC Central Committee of the Fifth Red Army. In June 1935, Chen Yun left the Long March. After returning to Shanghai, he began to engage in the development and restoration of the party's secret work.
Later, Chen Yun was assigned by the organization to moscow and the Comintern to report on the Long March of the Red Army, the Zunyi Conference, and the Situation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Picture | Old photo of Chen Yun
In April 1937, Chen Yun came to Xinjiang from the Soviet Union and was appointed as the representative of the Communist Party of China in Xinjiang. In late April 1937, Chen Yun returned to Xinjiang from the Soviet Union and was appointed as the representative of the CPC Central Committee stationed in Xinjiang.
At the end of November 1937, Chen Yun returned to Yan'an from Xinjiang and replaced Bogu as the head of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee. In December, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting of the Politburo, and Chen Yun served as secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.
After the Red Army's Long March arrived in northern Shaanxi, Xiao Jinguang served as the director of the Military Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Provincial CPC Committee, the Secretary of the Shanghai Provincial CPC Committee, and the Minister of the Military Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Provincial CPC Committee.
In 1937, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Xiao Jinguang served as the commander of the General Left Guard Corps and the director of the General Left Guard Office in the rear of the Eighth Route Army. It was during this period that Xiao Jinguang became acquainted with Chen Yun.
After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression reached the stage of stalemate, a thorough sorting out and inspection of all departments of the Yan'an organs was carried out.
Pictured| the Red Army is fighting
According to the regulations of the central authorities, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee is responsible for sorting out and leading this work, and Li Fuchun and Chen Yun are mainly responsible for convening meetings of cadres and organizing mobilization work.
The inspection work was carried out for more than two months, and Chen Yun, Xiao Jinguang, Li Fuchun, and others formed an inspection work committee, which was mainly responsible for appraisal and summing up.
Under the leadership of Chen Yun, Xiao Jinguang, Li Fuchun, and others, the inspection work has been carried out very smoothly, and many departments of the central authorities have increased their unity, improved their work, and improved their work efficiency in this inspection work, and have scored great achievements.
Chen Yun's deepest understanding of Xiao Jinguang was still in the liberation war in the northeast. During the Northeast Liberation War, Xiao Jinguang and Chen Yun jointly led the Battle of Sibao Linjiang.
It turned out that since the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan, the northeast had become the focus of the Kuomintang's contention. In September 1945, the CCP appointed Chen Yundang as a member of the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. Later, Chen Yun served as the political commissar of the North Manchuria Military Region and the secretary of the North Manchuria Branch Bureau, and opened up and led the North Manchuria base area.
Picture | the Northeast Bureau of the Communist Party of China discusses military issues
In August 1945, the central government originally wanted to send Xiao Jinguang to work in the Shandong base area. As soon as he arrived in Puyang, Henan, he received a telegram from the central authorities, asking Xiao Jinguang to lead his party to find the comrades who were originally scheduled to go to Shandong and quickly transfer to the northeast, mainly for the purpose of implementing and enforcing the party Central Committee's policy of "defending to the south and developing to the north," and with Chiang Kai-shek forcibly occupying the northeast and building the northeast into his own base area.
In October 1946, the Kuomintang mobilized heavy troops to the Liberated Areas of Southern Manchuria, and the situation was very anti-crisis. At this moment, Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang decided to volunteer to take the road from Harbin to North Korea together.
Finally, after all the hardships, he was finally able to come to Nanman smoothly.
03 Xiao Jinguang and Chen Yun in the Battle of Sibao Linjiang
When they first came here, at the most difficult time in Southern Manchuria, they not only had to face the extreme weather of the cold and freezing, but also faced the situation of lack of food and clothing.
To this end, the Kuomintang adopted the strategic principle of "first south and then north" and attacked south Manchuria with all its might. The base area is in the ravines of Changbai, Linjiang, Maojiang, and Fusong counties, and the military situation is very tense.
What was even more serious was that the thinking of the leaders of the Liaodong Military Region and the South Manchuria Branch of the CPC at that time was not unified. A large number of these comrades, proceeding from the perspective of preserving their strength, insisted on abandoning the idea that South Manchuria should be withdrawn. At the meeting, Chen Yunji elaborated that insisting that Northern Manchuria and Southern Manchuria can form a horn is also extremely beneficial to our side.
In this regard, Chen Yun said very graphically:
"The enemy in the northeast is like a cow, and the bull's head even takes towards North Manchuria, and South Manchuria still has a tail. If we loosen this cow's tail, it will be terrible, this cow is bound to be very rampage, not only can not save the south manchuria, even the north manchuria is also very dangerous. If you catch the tail of the cow, this is amazing, and the enemy will be in a dilemma. Therefore, catching the tail of the cow is key. ”
After making a comprehensive analysis of the current situation, Chen Yun repeatedly compared the advantages and losses of whether to "withdraw" or "stay" and carefully calculated a detailed account.
In his later years, Chen Yun recalled with emotion:
If they had not insisted on southern Manchuria and retreated north to Changbai Mountain, they would have lost thousands of people. Retreat to northern Manchuria, the enemy will continue to pursue, we will still have to fight, losing thousands of soldiers.
Under the circumstances at that time, withdrawing from southern Manchuria, the enemy could go all out to deal with northern Manchuria, and it was very likely that Northern Manchuria would not be able to hold on, and the People's Liberation Army could only retreat to the north, all the way to the Soviet Union.
However, our army is organized by the Communist Party of China, and sooner or later it will have to fight through Heilongjiang, through Northern Manchuria, and even all the way to Southern Manchuria. In the process of fighting, thousands of people were also lost. Added up, the retreat to the north would also cost more than 10,000 people.
Figure | Site of the Seven Daojiang Conference The | site of the Seven Daojiang Conference
On the contrary, if we had insisted on southern Manchuria, the troops would probably have lost four-fifths, or even three-quarters. However, as long as southern Manchuria was defended, the enemy could be smoothly contained and prevented from concentrating on attacking southern Manchuria. Compared with the two, the loss of insisting on Southern Manchuria is smaller than that of withdrawing from Southern Manchuria.
In the end, Chen Yun knocked on the board, or insist on Nanman. Xiao Jinguang, on the other hand, resolutely expressed support for Chen Yun's opinion, and proposed in many paragraphs that he wanted to use war to change the situation at that time.
At the Qidaojiang meeting, everyone discussed the military leadership policy, and Xiao Jinguang formulated and led a specific combat plan. In the end, a major policy decision was formed, that is, to adhere to the combination of southern Manchuria and the frontal battlefield, and to adhere to the "big disturbance in the Heavenly Palace" behind the enemy lines, which laid a solid foundation for the subsequent victory in the Battle of Sibao Linjiang.
From January 17, 1946 to April 3, 1947, in order to persist in Southern Manchuria, under the command of Xiao Jinguang and Chen Yun, the company launched the Battle of Sibao Linjiang, and the Northern Manchurian troops cooperated with the Southern Manchurian troops to carry out three battles in the south of the River.
In these battles, Chen Yun made great efforts in organization and coordination, policy leadership, and logistical support, and played an important role.
Figure| In 1943, Chen Yun, Mao Zedong and Lin Boqu attended the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Agricultural Production Conference
Militarily, Xiao Jinguang was "the first military scientist in the whole army to come from a scientific class." He flexibly applied Mao Zedong's military thought, adopted mobile and flexible military tactics, and applied Mao Zedong's military thought, and successfully commanded the Battle of Sibao Linjiang.
In the four battles, especially the first and second protections of Linjiang fought the most arduously. In the course of the battle, Xiao Jinguang did not hesitate to climb the ice and lie in the snow, and always insisted on commanding the battle on the first line.
When the three and four guarantees were near the river, the battle situation changed somewhat, and the weather also became warmer. Since then, the strategic situation of the northeast battlefield has gradually changed.
And this battle of the Four Guarantees Linjiang is also an outstanding battle of Xiao Jinguang in the art of military command. In the course of the war, his hard-working style and military ability of both wisdom and courage left a very deep impression on Chen Yun.
The Battle of Sibao Linjiang was also the key to the overall situation of the Northeast Battlefield. The victory in this war completely reversed the enemy's strategic attempt to "attack the north from the south, and then the south and then the north," expanded and consolidated the base areas in southern Manchuria, forced the enemy forces in the northeast to shift from strategic defense to the stage of strategic offensive, and also created very powerful conditions for the victory of the Liaoshen Campaign.
Pictured| warriors are fighting
04 The last time the two met, Chen Yun: We have a heart-to-heart connection
In 1949, after the formal founding of New China, Chen Yun successively served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, a member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, a member of the CPC Central Government and deputy secretary of the CPC Central Committee, a vice premier of the State Council and the director of the Financial and Economic Committee.
Under the leadership of the party and the state, Chen Yun became an important member of the first generation of central leadership with Mao Zedong as the core.
Since then, Chen Yun has presided over financial and economic work for a long time, creatively implemented the instructions of Mao Zedong and the PARTY Central Committee, and creatively put forward many correct work principles, guiding ideologies, and important measures.
All these have made counter-outstanding contributions to the rapid restoration of the national economy and the stabilization of the people's living standards in New China, to the implementation of the unified purchase and marketing of grain, cotton, and other agricultural products, and to the step-by-step development of the socialist transformation of the private ownership of the means of production and to the foundation for the construction of the country's socialist economic and socialist industrialization.
After the founding of New China, Xiao Jinguang successively served as commander of the Navy of the people's liberation army of the Chinese, vice minister of national defense, and member of the Central Military Commission. In 1955, he was awarded the rank of Grand General.
Under the leadership and efforts of the Central Military Commission and the CPC Central Committee, Xiao Jinguang, together with other leaders, worked hard to overcome numerous difficulties such as lack of qualified personnel, tight funds, and lack of experience, completed the task of creating the navy in a very short period of time, and successfully formed a maritime defense system.
In the decades since, Xiao Jinguang has explored naval weapons and equipment, actively explored the people's navy's maritime combat methods, and devoted all his efforts to the development and construction of the republic's navy.
Xiao Jinguang was not only the first naval commander of New China, but also the commander who held this position for the longest time in the history of the world's navies, truly mastered China's coastal defense for 30 years, and created a miracle in the history of the world's navies.
In 1966, Xiao Jinguang suffered some difficulties and blows. In 1979, as the political situation gradually stabilized, Chen Yun learned that Xiao Jinguang was still wearing a hat on his head and that the rehabilitation work still had a tail, believing that this was very unfair to Xiao Jinguang and saying that he wanted to help him get justice.
Pictured| Chen Yun's family
Later, Deng Xiaoping and Ye Jianying also inquired about the matter. When Chen Yun heard about it, he wrote a letter to Deng Xiaoping, in which he mentioned:
For Xiao Jinguang, do not leave a tail. And to explain the '72 to '73 session. Xiao Jinguang's life "crossed his eyebrows coldly to a thousand fingers, and bowed his head to the cow." "He is as concerned as ever about the fate and future of the country and the party.
In March 1977, at the Central Work Conference, Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang resolutely advocated that Deng Xiaoping, who was highly respected and respected, come out to preside over the work. At the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chen Yun was re-elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee. In addition, he was elected First Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Chen Yun made great efforts to rectify unjust, false and wrongly decided cases. Under the care of Chen Yun and others, the hat and tail on Xiao Jin's bald head were completely removed.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang often exchanged letters, saying that in their later years, they would try to shine as much as possible and do some work for the party and the country.
In 1982, Xiao Jinguang began to write his memoirs. Over the course of six years, he left behind nearly 500,000 words of manuscripts.
In January 1984, Xiao Jinguang paid a special visit to Chen Yun. After meeting, the two seemed very excited. Xiao Jinguang said affectionately: "I haven't seen each other for a long time, and I am very worried in my heart." ”
Chen Yun said, "It's okay to have your heart, it doesn't depend on the number of times you come and go." Do people often meet, but they don't see the heart, and the hearts between us are connected. ”
In the middle of the words, the deep friendship between Xiao Jinguang and Chen Yun can be seen everywhere.
Between the conversations, the two also recalled the passionate years when the two fought side by side in Southern Manchuria during the Liberation War, and Xiao Jinguang said with emotion: "If you hadn't made up your mind in the first place, you wouldn't have won the Battle of Linjiang later!" ”
After the conversation, the two supported each other to take a photo to commemorate. Unexpectedly, this was the last time the two would meet.
Picture | Chen Yun and Xiao Jinguang
On March 29, 1989, he completed the last journey of his life. Chen Yun died in Beijing on April 10, 1995, at the age of 90.
To this day, Xiao Jinguang and Chen Yun have been away from us for many years. But the fighting friendship and the cause of the common struggle established by the two in their decades-long revolutionary careers will eventually be engraved on the monument of history, forever and everlasting.