Songyang Academy is located in Dengfeng City, Henan Province, because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain, so it is called "Songyang Academy". Songyang Academy, formerly known as Songyang Temple, was founded in the eighth year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (484). During the Sui Dynasty, it was renamed Songyang Temple. In the second year of later Zhou Xiande (955), Songyang Guan was renamed Taiyi Academy. In the third year of the Dao Dynasty (997), Emperor Taizong of Song renamed Taiyi Academy the Name of Taimu Academy. In the second year of Jingyou (1035), Emperor Renzong of Song gave the yuan the title of Taimu Academy and renamed it Songyang Academy. Songyang Academy, "Yu Xiu of Song Mountain, Spirit of Na Junji", has experienced the embryonic period of the five dynasties, the heyday of the Song Dynasty, the decline of Jin Yuanming, and the revival period of the Qing Dynasty, especially the Song Dynasty and the Kangxi to the middle of The Qianlong Dynasty. As a school overflowing with books, Songyang Academy is like a splendid pearl, shining brightly, and its spread of Luo Pai Theory in China is famous for shaking the state and influencing the whole country.
Open the door and invite Hongru
Songyang Academy began to lecture from the Tang Dynasty five generations later, and has gathered a large number of famous scholars. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song and Yuan Feng (1068-1085), Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Sima Guang, etc., successively lectured at Songyang Academy, and Cheng Hao also formulated regulations for Songyang Academy on education, study system, and inspection. During the lectures by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, not only did the lecture content of the academy be enriched, but also the academic atmosphere of the academy became more active, which promoted the prosperity of Songyang Academy and became one of the four major academies with the same name as Henan Shangqiu Yingtian Academy, Jiangxi Lushan Bailudong Academy, and Hunan Changsha Yuelu Academy.
From the Jin, Yuan to the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Songyang Academy, lecturing activities were at a low ebb. In the Qing Dynasty, Geng Jie presided over songyang academy, which made it develop rapidly. He believes that "non-national fans can not achieve the same results if they are not able to achieve the benefits of hard work." Therefore, in addition to his own lectures, Geng Jie also opened widely and invited scholars from all over the world to come forward to give lectures, including well-known scholars from around Henan, such as Dou Keqin, Li Laizhang, Ran Xiaozu, and so on; there were also officials serving in Henan, such as Wang Kai, the prefect of Henan, and Wu Ziyun and Lin Yaoying, the emissaries of Zhongzhou; he also invited scholars zhang Mu, who held different academic views, to give lectures, argue with each other, and seek academic verification.
In the poem "Songyang Academy Sends Mr. Li Lishan Back to the Province", Geng Jie describes the scene of discussing learning together: "Sometimes sitting on the river, the breeze is covered with green clouds. Sometimes to the stacked stones, the valley is long and lush. Talk about the Tao and talk about virtue, and the Ten Heavens of the Lotus Sutra", and said the reluctance when they were separated, "Linqi He gave, and he could not bear to divide it." In order to continue the "lecture" system of the academy, Geng Jie took Zengzi's "meeting friends with literature and assisting ren with friends" and formulated the "Furen Covenant", which stipulates that "on the third day of the first month of each month, one will be Songyang Academy" and "on the eighteenth day of each month, one will be Songyang Academy", and when the lecture is held, "there is no need to invite Cambodia, the morning carving is gathered, and the order is to sit in order".
This practice of opening the door and extending the invitation to teachers and Confucianism is not limited to one family, which is of great help to students broaden their horizons and increase their knowledge, and Songyang Academy has also become famous, with hundreds of students and disciples at its peak, and students from all over the world who come to study one after another, which is a spectacle for a while. Under the temptation of good teachers, Songyang Academy has cultivated many outstanding students, Kangxi Xin Died Year (1711), Henan Province in Kaifeng to pull up people, according to the number of places, less than 1 person in a county, Songyang Academy won 5 people.
Spread Confucianism and start Luoxue
"Two-way" lecture chart
Songyang Academy is a monument to be reckoned with in the history of the development of ancient Confucianism in the mainland, and from the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the preaching and teaching of Confucianism has always occupied an important position in the development of Songyang Academy. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi have been lecturing at Songyang Academy for more than ten years, and they mainly tell Confucian classics such as the Analects, Mencius, Universities, and Zhongyong, and through the Four Books, they have reached the Six Classics. During the lecture, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi took the Confucian and Mencius theories as the theoretical system, and absorbed the beneficial components of Buddhism and Taoism, carried out the historical development and perfection of traditional Confucianism, and created a new stage in the development of science, which is called "Luoxue" by the world. Songyang Academy has thus become an important town for the dissemination of science and one of the birthplaces of "Neo-Confucianism".
The picture shows the lecture hall of Songyang Academy, which is also the place where the masters of science Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi gave lectures.
Most of the students trained by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in Songyang Academy became the main force in disseminating science, according to the "Ercheng Gate List Stele" in the Ercheng Ancestral Hall in Cheng Village, Song County, Henan Province, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi trained as many as 88 famous scholars in their lifetimes, of which Yang Shi played an important role in the southern transmission of Ercheng Lixue. Yang Shi (1053-1135), neutral in character, called Guishan, scholars called Guishan Mr. Guishan. As early as the fourth year of Yuan Feng (1081), Yang Shi had already studied under Cheng Hao. When he returned to the south, Cheng Hao sent him to say, "My way to the south! It shows that Cheng Hao has high hopes for Yang Shinan to pass on his way. After Cheng Hao's death, Yang Shi went north again to study and threw himself under Cheng Yi's door, so there was a scene of "Cheng Men Lixue". Later, he continued to devote himself to the study of Ercheng Theory, spreading "Luoxue" to a wide area such as the southeast, and played a role in inheriting the past and the future between "Ercheng" and Zhu Xi, and was respected by posterity as "Cheng's Authentic Sect".
By the early years of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, scholars represented by Geng Jie were generally aware of the necessity of revitalizing "Luo Xue", and proposed that "my generation lived close to Yiluo, and when the study of the Second Journey was greatly revitalized today". Dou Keqin elaborated on the purpose of Geng Jiexing's revival of Songyang Academy in his "Records of Songyang Academy": "Its academic affairs are based on Luo Min, Kong Meng as the key, and its teaching affairs are based on the main respect." It can be said that the revival of Songyang Academy in the early Qing Dynasty was consistent with the spread and exposition of "Luo Xue". Relying on songyang academy to inherit and revive "Luo xue", the Zhongzhou scholar group cultivated Taoist identity through sacrifice, lecture, and history revision, etc., and made important contributions to the inheritance and development of "Luo Xue", so that "Luo Xue" reaped the prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty.
The world has been used by the Lide tree people
Fragments of Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian manuscript (partial) Collected by the National Library of China
In the course of running the school for many years, Songyang Academy not only taught The Confucian classics, but also disseminated the idea of governing the country through the state, not only for students to teach and solve puzzles, but also for the people of the world to provide the way to the world. At the same time that Sima Guang was lecturing at Songyang Academy, volumes 9 to 21 of his historical masterpiece Zizhi Tongjian were compiled at Songyang Academy and Chongfu Palace, summarizing the political wisdom of the dynasties with a profound historical vision, taking historical gains and losses as a lesson, and leaving behind good stories throughout the ages. Fan Zhongyan's advocacy of the idea of "worrying before the world, and enjoying the world after the world" has become the aspiration of students who have gone out of Songyang Academy.
On the basis of Confucianism as the basic lecture content, Songyang Academy pays special attention to the moral cultivation of students, not only to explain morality, but also to reflect it from the architectural and environmental aspects, and to use appropriate ceremonial activities to stimulate students' admiration for the sages. According to the provisions of the "Songyang Academy Chronicle and Ritual Code", every year in the mid-spring and mid-autumn festivals, all the teachers and students led by the mountain chief hold sacrifices, and when the First Temple and the Pantheon are sacrificed, they must also read the sacrifice documents to express their high respect. Through ritual and sacrificial activities, exemplary education is carried out so that students can follow suit in practice and achieve the purpose of exhorting and encouraging, seeing the wise and thinking together.
The picture shows Songyang Academy Panchi and Panchi Bridge.
Songyang Academy has cultivated many outstanding students in the more than 970 years from the five generations after the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, who are not only solid in their knowledge, but also praised for their moral character and reputation. For example, the famous disciples of the Academy in the Five Dynasties and the early northern Song Dynasty included Feng Ji, Yang Pu, An Deyu, Lü Mengzheng, Teng Zijing, etc.; the famous disciples of the Academy in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, including Zhang Zai, Yang Shi, You Shu, Li Tang, Zhang Jiucheng, etc.; the famous disciples of the Academy in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, including Ma Zuchang and Hua Shou; the famous disciples of the Ming Dynasty Academy, including Li Min, Wang Duo, Cui Yingke, Liu Jingyao, etc.; in the Qing Dynasty, there were many famous disciples of the Academy, among them, Jing Risheng, a member of the Gengjie Gate, was introduced by Li Xianrong to study at Songyang Academy, and in 1691 Jing Rixuan passed the temple examination and passed the temple examination to become a scholar, successively serving as Zhixian, Shaoqing, and So on; in the Qing Dynasty, there were many famous disciples of the Academy, among them, Jing Risheng, a member of the Gengjie Gate, was introduced by Li Xianrong to study at Songyang Academy, and in 1691 Jing Rixuan passed the temple examination and passed the temple examination. Shilang et al., official to Yipin, was the highest-ranking student of songyang academy in the Qing Dynasty.
On August 1, 2010, the Dengfeng "Heaven and Earth" historical building complex, including Songyang Academy, was listed as a World Cultural Heritage. The Millennium Songyang Academy, inheriting the past and opening up the study, has always transmitted the spirit of inclusive openness, always passed on the innovative spirit of not being confined to the theory, and always passed on the humanistic spirit of Lide first, the longer the time, the more widely it is passed on.
Source: Learning Times (06/03/2022)