The Song Dynasty has always been regarded by people as a dynasty that emphasized literature over martial arts. Regarding the side of wu, I think everyone already knows too much about the black history of it being hanged by the northern tribes such as the Party, the Khitan and the Jurchens, so I will no longer tell you about the history textbooks here.
Today, we will only talk about the side of the text.
First of all, there is a book - "Zizhi Tongjian".
If nothing else, most people's first reaction to the book is: I've heard of it, but I haven't read it. Of course, if some people say they haven't heard of it, it's a bit excessive. This is a book that studies the political successes and failures of Chinese dynasties, and records a history of more than 1,000 years from the Three Branches of the Jin Dynasty to the Northern Zhou Dynasty. If you want to study Chinese history, you have to read this book.
As well as the chairman, he read the book more than a dozen times, and the book was densely filled with his reading experience. And idle people like me, half a year ago began to open the first page of this book, and now, I only see the Han Dynasty. The person who wrote this book is named Sima Guang, and perhaps the person surnamed Sima is born with history. More than a thousand years ago, his native Sima Qian wrote an unprecedented masterpiece, which is the "History" that everyone is familiar with.
The "Records of History" is sprinkled with more than 500,000 words, and a variety of events are recorded from the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the era of Sima Qian. More than a thousand years later, Sima Guang wrote the Zhou Ji and the Qin Ji based on the "Records of History", and at that time, Sima Guang's position was that of an envoy to the imperial history.
Here's a sentence, many people may be curious, is there any relationship between these two people?
Unfortunately, although the two have the same surname and the same interests, there is no evidence that the two have anything to do with each other, after all, the two live in too long an age.
Back to the main topic, although, personally, after reading "Zhou Ji" and "Qin Ji", it has taken a lot of effort. However, for the entire "Zizhi Tongjian", this is just the beginning. Immediately afterward, Sima Guang began to write the Han Ji and Wei Ji. At that time, Sima Guang's position was Zhizhi Zhen. Later, he wrote all the contents of the Jin Dynasty as a reference to the Chongfu Palace of Songshan in Xijing.
In other words, nearly three-quarters of the length of the Zizhi Tongjian was completed by him in the place of Chongfu Palace. So, what's so special about this place? It turned out that during the Song Dynasty, the literati flourished in study, and when they had nothing to do, three or five people often gathered together to exchange ideas. And Chongfu Palace and the Songyang Academy adjacent to it are the places where these people often come.
Shuyuan is a kind of educational organization unique to China's feudal society, and occupies an important and unique position in the history of ancient Chinese education, with a decisive influence. Songyang Academy is one of the four major academies in ancient China, and it is also the leader in the academy, which has played an important educational role in disseminating the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and cultivating a large number of outstanding talents.
Speaking of which, Sima Guang's writing of the Zizhi Tongjian sounds very remarkable today.
In the later stages of his compilation, he was appointed to the position of Chongfu Palace in Songshan, Xijing, which sounded long and complicated, but in fact, this was just a petty official guarding the Taoist Temple. In other words, when writing the "Zizhi Tongjian" and "Jin Ji" later, he himself actually had nothing to do and was very idle. It is no wonder that if he were an official in the DPRK and China, reading documents all day long, and writing such a thick book, he would basically not have to sleep.
However, even so, it took Sima Guang nearly 20 years to write a complete copy of the Zizhi Tongjian. If you think about yourself 20 years later, you will know how valuable Sima Guang's spirit is.
It is said that the Songyang Academy next to this Chongfu Palace existed in the Northern Wei Dynasty. However, at that time, it was not a academy, but a Buddhist temple, and in the Sui and Tang dynasties, it became a taoist palace temple. By the time of the Five Dynasties, because it was in a chaotic world, the people who came were mixed, both readers and cultivators, and it was no longer a special place for Buddhists or Taoists. By the time of the Song Dynasty, it was officially named Songyang Academy and became a place for readers to do their studies.
It is said that during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of Song, in addition to Sima Guang, there were also famous Confucians such as Shao Yong, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao, and Cheng Yi who came to Songyang Academy to give lectures. The "Luoxue" founded by Ercheng also flourished because of this place. Shi Zai, like Sima Guang, Ercheng's father, Cheng Jue, was also assigned to Chongfu Palace to manage the courtyard, and later, Cheng Yi had a similar experience.
It can be seen from the above that the Songyang Academy of Chongfu Palace in the southern foothills of Songshan Mountain can be said to be the gathering place of various literati and scholars, and its cultural heritage is very deep. By the time of the Republic of China, there was a secondary school; after the founding of the People's Republic of China, educational institutions were also stationed here; by the 1980s, the government began to move local houses and school sites out of the area. Since then, it has been used as an ancient building for outsiders to visit and browse.
In addition, there is another thing worth mentioning in Songyang Academy, that is, two large trees known as "Second General Cypress".
According to legend, during the Yuan Dynasty of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Mount Song, and saw three cypress trees at the location of the academy in later generations, because of its height and thickness, it was unusual, so he gave them the titles of "Great General", "Second General" and "Three General", of which the "Three Generals" disappeared at the end of the Ming Dynasty. According to expert estimates, the remaining two cypress trees are 4500 years old, which can be said to have witnessed the rise and fall of Chinese civilization.
Historically, Songyang Academy is famous for its science of science, and is famous for its cultural wealth and cultural relics.
The Songshan area, which has been an important area for Confucian school activities since ancient times, has Songyang Academy, Yinggu Academy, Shaomu Academy, Nancheng Academy, and Cungu Academy, the most prominent of which is Songyang Academy. "The song of the academy is the clearest, and the stone building still remembers the name of the Forbidden City." The sound of mountains and streams stays in the rain, and the chrysanthemum bamboo rhymes with the new sunshine. At first, there was no word to say goodbye, and the sentences in the yin of The Han Bai were occasionally formed. ”
On August 1, 2010, the historical building complex located in and around the hinterland of Songshan Mountain was listed as a World Heritage Site.
Resources:
[History of Song, Vol. 336, Liechuan No. 95, One of the Four Ancient Academies: Songyang Academy, Zizhi Tongjian]