In addition to the epidemic and the Sino-US PK in the world events of the previous year, there was also an anti-racial discrimination movement represented by the "black life".
This anti-racial discrimination campaign, in which almost the whole world is involved, has not stopped, but has intensified, and has expanded to the point where words such as "blacklist" and "black toothpaste" cannot be used.
When I saw these news, I suddenly thought of a term in the history of mainland art, "literati painting", if you follow the logic of the West this time, I am afraid that I will not escape the suspicion of "discrimination".
Speaking of which, I would like to state first: I do not comment on ZZ current affairs, but just use this topic to introduce the knowledge of art, and the two are indeed related, and listen to me slowly.
First of all, we must be clear: what is literati painting?
I introduced the court painting academy and folk painting earlier, both of which are divided based on different classes, although folk painting will learn court painting (just like copycat mobile phones to learn apples), the court painting academy will also absorb folk painters (the NBA will also recruit street ball), but there is still a gap between the two. However, in addition to the two kinds of paintings, there is a painting with different styles and different classes of creators, that is, painting by literati and scholars, painting based on ink and freehand, which is literati painting, English is Literati painting, also known as "scholar painting" and "scholar painting".
The earliest definition of literati painting was the Ming Dynasty calligrapher and painter Dong Qichang, who proposed the name "Literati Painting" in his self-compiled Rongtai Collection and clarified the inheritance: "The painting of the literati began with Wang Youcheng. Later, Dong Yuan, Monk Juran, Li Cheng, and Fan Kuan became concubines. Li Longmian, Wang Jinqing, Minang Gong and Hu'er all came from Dong Ju. Until the Fourth Yuan: Huang Zijiu, Wang Shuming, Ni Yuanzhen, Wu Zhonggui are all his canonical traditions. Wu Chaowen and Shen took over the mantle from afar. Ruoma, Xia, Li Tang, and Liu Songnian were also the factions of General Da Li. Non-Wu Cao Dang learning also. ”
According to this summary, Wang Wei, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, became the founding ancestor of literati painting.
If you think about it, Wang Wei is neither an ordinary citizen (folk), nor a royal nobleman, he became a little official, but more of a writer. His paintings are also mainly ink paintings, and there are poems in the paintings, which express artistic conceptions and reflect personal spiritual feelings... Almost every one of them is in line with the characteristics of literati paintings, and more importantly, he is quite famous, and he has been dead for eight or nine hundred years and cannot raise objections.
In fact, it was Su Shi who really engaged in "literati painting" with great fanfare.
However, Su Shi mentioned that his name at that time was "Scholar Painting".
Su Shi believes that "ancient painters are not laymen", and the first one comprehensively expounded the theory of "scholar painting", saying that "scholar painting" has the following characteristics:
1, freehand rather than the pursuit of details. Su Shi took the painting of horses as an example, saying, "The people who watch the paintings of the people, such as reading the world's horses, take what they want." If you are a painter, you often only take the spur of the fur groove, without a little handsome hair, and you will be tired after watching a few feet. ”
2. Combination of poetry, calligraphy and painting. In su shi's words, it is "all poetry and picture books".
3. There must be character in painting. For example, painting bamboo, "I am like a king, and the festival is cold and frosty in autumn."
4. Before painting, there must be a plan, that is, the intention is to write first, "painting bamboo must first become bamboo in the chest", "section by section, leaf and leaf tired, is there bamboo again?" ”。
But Su Shi is a mouth cannon, and he can only paint some dead wood, bamboo, strange stones and the like (the representative work "Dead Wood Strange Stone Map").
"Dead Wood Strange Stone Diagram"
But he has a high status in the literary world, is a big V, opinion leader, so he led and influenced a large number of people into the creation of literati painting, including Li Gonglin, Mi Fu, Mi Youren, Zhao Mengjian and other professional painters.
In Su Shi's view, literati painting is the expression of the literati revealing their individuality, the way of self-expression in leisure time like poetry, through painting to vent the elegance in the chest of the literati. Therefore, it does not pursue the similarity but pays attention to the taste of pen and ink, emphasizes the charm, and attaches importance to the cultivation of calligraphy, literature and the expression of artistic conception in the painting.
The modern artist Chen Shi once believed that "literati painting at that time had four elements: character, learning, talent and thought." With these four, it can be perfected."
That is to say, literati painting does not take painting skills and skills as the main criterion for investigation, but looks at character, learning, thought, talent and emotion - to put it bluntly, it is the "self-hi" in the small circle of literati and scholars, which is similar to the current entertainment circle shooting literary and art films.
However, just as literary and art films can also bring about the progress of film, literati painting has also had an impact on the development of traditional aesthetic education ideas and techniques such as ink painting and freehand.
If nothing else, the light literati painting has the points of literary heart, poetry, and painting intention, which can make the painting work upgrade the grade and be more valuable.
During the Edo period in Japan, a group of Japanese painters used Dong Qichang's authority to vigorously promote literati painting. Later, Japanese scholars also divided "literati painting" into two parts: broad and narrow. Literati painting in the broad sense is "the work depicted by people with literary literacy", and literati painting in the narrow sense refers to the genre that is opposed to the painting academy painting, that is, "Nanzong".
No matter how scholars define it, traditional Chinese literati painting has developed into an extremely mature and systematic system through the Song and Yuan dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and has become a valuable asset of traditional culture and art on the mainland.
Some people may say, "I'm not a literati, what do you mean by that to me?" ”
Don't think that literati paintings are far away from you, in fact, every Chinese have seen literati paintings.
In particular, literati painting has an important theme and small category, which has penetrated into the life of Chinese, and you can't hide from it - this kind of painting is the "Four Gentlemen Painting", which will be said again with a smile.
This article is a series of articles on the history of Chinese calligraphy, which only takes 1 minute a day to get a lifetime of artistic literacy. Please pay attention to the previous articles to get more interesting knowledge and prompt updates in time. Please indicate the source of the reprint, welcome to the publisher to contact me.