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Divine | Master Dong Qichang: Gao Xiu's roundness, every time it is inadvertent, the abundance of god is unique
Dong Qichang Xingkai "Small Character Poetry".
Dong Qichang (1555-1636), also known as Xuan Zai, was a native of Songjiang, Shanghai. Dong Qichang was born into a poor family, but in his career, the spring breeze was proud and the clouds went straight up. In 1589, at the age of thirty-four, Dong Qichang began his career for the next few decades. He served as an editor and lecturer, and later served as an official in Nanjing, shangshu of the Ministry of Rites, and prince Taibao. He was extremely sensitive to politics, and as soon as there was a storm, he resolutely resigned from his post and returned to his hometown, and repeatedly used it several times.
Dong Qichangcai Yi Wenmin, general Zen theory, fine collection, gong poetry, good at calligraphy and painting and theory. He was the Emperor Wenzong of Hai Nei, who had been in charge of the art world for decades, and was the most outstanding and influential calligrapher and painter of the late Ming Dynasty. Dong Qichang's paintings are longer than landscapes, pay attention to the traditional techniques of the teacher, pursue a plain and innocent style, pay attention to the pen to ink rhyme, the ink color is clearly layered, the clumsy with the show, the elegance is elegant. The "Painting History" commented: "Dong Qichang's landscape and water trees and stones, smoke and clouds flowing, full of spirit, and out of the confucian and elegant brushwork, the wind and currents are contained, which is the first of this dynasty." "Dong Qichang's paintings had a great influence on the painting world in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and spread to the modern painting world. Dong Qichang's works have always been the target of great collectors at home and abroad.
Dong Qichangjing collected and treasured 4 landscapes such as Dong Yuan's "Xiaoxiang Map", "Xishan Travel Map", "Longsu Suburban People's Map", and "Xiashan Map", and was named "Four Source Hall". There are also 18 paintings by Li Sixun's "Map of the Shu River" and "Map of the Qiujiang River to Be Crossed", Dong Yuan's "Map of Zhengshang", "Map of Yunshan Mountain", "Map of Qiushan Travel", "Map of Juran Mountains", Fan Kuan's "Map of Snow Mountain", "Map of The Mountains of Yuanchuan", "Map of Colored Mountains", Guo Zhongshu's "Map of The Mountains of Yuanchuan", "Map of Jiangju" of Jiang Guandao, "Map of Xiashan" of Zhao Danian, Zhao Ziang's "Second Map of Dongting", "Map of Flowing Water in High Mountains", "Map of Autumn Mountains" and "Album of Song People", and 18 other paintings.
Dong Qichang's calligraphy is the highest in cursive writing, and he is also quite conceited about his own calligraphy, especially Xiao Kai. Although Dong Qichang was in the era of Zhao Mengfu and Wen Zhengming's popular calligraphy, his calligraphy was not influenced by these two calligraphy masters.
His calligraphy synthesizes the calligraphy styles of the Jin, Tang, Song and Yuan dynasties, and is self-contained, with his calligraphy style flowing and ethereal, and the style is self-sufficient. The strokes are round and elegant, plain and simple. With the pen fine, always maintain the positive edge, there are few pens, clumsy pens; in the chapter law, between words and words, lines and lines, branch layout, sparse and symmetrical, and strive to chase the ancient law. Pay attention to the use of ink, dry and wet, thick and light, do your best. Calligraphy to Dong Qichang can be said to be the culmination of ancient methods, and the "six bodies" and "eight laws" are all under his hands. "Ming Shi Wenyuan Biography" Yun: "Famous in foreign countries, rulers are short, circulating in the world, competing for treasures." "Until the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi and Qianlong took Dong's book as the patriarchal law, and they highly respected and favored it, and even copied Dong's book in person, often listed on the right side of the seat, and watched it in the morning and evening.
Kangxi once wrote a long passage of praise for his inkblot: "Huating Dong Qichang calligraphy, the heavens are very different. Its high-quality and rounded style is popular among chu ink, which is beyond the reach of all families. Every time you are inadvertent, the abundance of gods is unique, such as the breeze blowing, the clouds curling up, quite natural fun. Try its structural fonts, all originated from the Jin people. Gai Qi's life is mostly in the "Cabinet", in the "Lan Ting", "Holy Sect", can get the method of his wrist, and the ancient jin Hidden Feng at the pen turn, it seems to be clumsy. ...... Yan Zhenqing, Su Shi, and Mi Fu are strong and strong, and the bottom is all from the Jin people. Zhao Mengfu is the second king of the scale. Its Chang origin is one, so the sons of the imitation are at their own will, and the beautiful and moist atmosphere is unique to see the true color. Cursive writing is also arranged vertically and horizontally, which is very rewarding. Its use of ink is wonderful, thick and light, and even more extraordinary. Copying the most, each tianzi skill is excellent, good and not easy. ”
It is said that Kangxi also personally wrote the Book of Dong, which made the Book of Dong popular, and there was a boom in the study of the Book of Dong in the Manchu Dynasty. Almost all the scholars who chased fame for a while took Dong Shu as a shortcut to seek fame. At the time of Kangxi and Yongzheng, the influence of his calligraphy was unmatched by other calligraphers.
Dong Qichang's calligraphy has always been criticized with mixed reviews. The famous scholar and calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty, Wang Wenzhi, called Dong Qichang's calligraphy "The Divine Product of the Book". Xie Zhao called it "a pen of cooperation, often unprecedented." Zhou Zhishi said that he was "six bodies and eight laws, exquisite, out of Su, into rice, and full of beauty, fluttering immortality." However, there are also many critics of Dong Qichang, with Bao Shichen and Kang Youwei being the most fierce. Bao Shichenyun: "The pen is inevitably empty." Kang Youwei's "Guangyi Zhou Shuangyi" satirically said: "Although Xiangguang (Dong Qichang) is famous, he is like a Taoist monk who is a Taoist monk, and his spirit is cold and frugal. If the general's whole army is strong, the barrier is skyscraper, and the flag is discolored, he will not dare to go down the mountain! ”
Dong Qichang embarked on the path of calligraphy art out of a very fortuitous chance. The cause was that the calligraphy was not good during the examination, so he became a famous artist with anger and hard work. This is recorded in his "Essay on painting the Zen Room", which also describes the course of his own study: he took the examination at the age of seventeen, and when the Matsue prefect Zhenzhenji approved the examination papers, he could have ranked him first because of Dong Qichang's literary talent, but he felt that the writing on his examination paper was too poor, so he changed the first to the second, and at the same time, Dong Qichang's nephew Dong Yuanzheng, who wrote better, was promoted to the first. This incident greatly stimulated Dong Qichang, who has been studying calligraphy ever since. Dong Qichang recalled: "The county shou jiangxi Zhenghongxi placed Yu Shu as the second, and from the beginning of the anger linchi. The first teacher Yan Pingyuan "Many Pagodas", and then changed to Yu Yongxing, thinking that the Book of Tang was inferior to Wei jin, so he imitated the "Huangting Jing" and Zhong Yuanchang's "Declaration Table", "Force Life Table", "ReturnIng The Post", and "Bing She Ti". For three years, he claimed to be forced to be ancient, and no longer put wen Zhengzhong and Zhu Xizhe out of the corner of his eye. From this passage, it can be seen that Dong Qichang almost studied most of the famous masters before, from King Zhong to Yan Liu, from Huai Su to Yang Ningshi and Mi Fu, until Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty.
Dong Qichang did not leave a monograph on book theory, but his experiences and propositions in practice and research are scattered in a large number of his inscriptions, and Dong Qichang has a famous saying: "The Jin people take rhymes from the book, the Tang book takes the law, and the Song people book takes the meaning." "This is the first time in history that calligraphy theorists have used the three concepts of rhyme, law and meaning to define the aesthetic orientation of the calligraphy of the Jin, Tang and Song dynasties. These views have played a good role in explaining and guiding people's understanding and learning of classical calligraphy. Dong Qichang was diligent in calligraphy and painting all his life, and enjoyed a high lifespan, so there are many works passed down from generation to generation, such as "Baiju Yi Pipa Xing", "The Commandments of the Third Dynasty", "Cursive Poetry Book", "Yanjiang Stacked Ridge Tubao", "Ni Kuanzan", "Before and After Chibi Fu Album" and so on.
Dong Qichang Xingkai's "Small Character Poetry" is super qing appreciation
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