Looking at | what cultural codes were left behind by China's earliest higher education university hall

We not only use advanced equipment to detect, but also analyze through archaeological experience, synthesize various archaeological data clues, and constantly demonstrate, which can officially declare: Minoru Gakumiya has been found!

Students here are required to abide by the strict "discipleship", and there are specific regulations on diet, living, clothing, classroom discipline, after-school review, and moral cultivation

"On state affairs without holding office", "No official, no words", the sons do not participate in politics, but ask about politics, Mr. Minoru has more than a thousand people, and Minoru has "hundreds of thousands"

Wen | Li Jianchang, Wang Yang, and Sun Xiaohui, reporters of the "Lookout" news weekly

In Liang Qichao's eyes, here "like a spring thunder, all green Qi thrives in the vast wilderness, like a volcano exploding, hot stones flying in the sky";

In Guo Moruo's pen, "the grandeur of the Zhou Qin sons is that a highest peak is formed here";

In Yu Qiuyu's heart, this is the "spiritual light source" that makes some stars shine in the long night of eternity.

Minoru Gakuen Palace, high reputation. Mencius, Xunzi, Zouzi, Shenzi... Many philosophers have interpreted the stars of Chinese civilization here: a hundred schools of thought contend.

In the twilight of spring, all things compete for glory. In Linzi, the former capital of the Warring States Tian Qi (present-day Zibo City, Shandong Province), archaeologists solemnly declared in the fields of Qi Du Town, Linzi District: Jixia Xuegong has been found!

The sacred site of civilization that has lasted for more than 2,300 years is lifting the veil of mystery.

Where

Inside the rows of earth pits, there are still remnants of broken walls with the outline of the old days, each of which has a detailed number on it, and workers are cleaning up the work. Among the large number of plain tiles, broken tiles decorated with screws occasionally flashed.

This is the archaeological site of the Earliest "Higher Education" University Hall in the history of the mainland, which integrates educational, political, and academic functions, the Minoru Gakuen Palace.

The archaeological excavations may seem unhurried, but archaeologists have spent five years trying to determine where minoru Gakuen is located.

The only clue at the beginning was the fragmentary words of the vast classical literature grass snake gray line: Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty recorded to the "Beilu", "Qi has Jimen, and Qicheng gate is also." The "Record of Qi" written by Yan Mo, a Linzi man of the Southern Yan Kingdom during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, records that "on the west side of the west gate of Qicheng, there are lecture rooms on the left and right sides of the water, and the toes are often stored", "Outside the west gate of Linzi City, there is an ancient lecture hall, the foundation pillar still exists, and the Qi Xuanwang Repair Literature Office is also".

In 2017, based on the clues found in the construction of The Tai Road, the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology formed an archaeological team to focus on the search for the Minoru Gakuen Palace. Under a wheat field, the archaeological team found a special group of ancient building sites.

Judging from the location, the base site of the building found is in line with the documentary records of the Minoru Gakuen Palace under the Minoru Gate and on the side of the water system. Archaeology has found that the base site of the building has a north-south road, north of the west gate of the small city; the outer trench of the base site group is connected with the small city moat, and the two form an integrated pattern. At the same time, the low-lying terrain near the northern part of the base site did have a lake before, and the lake was only drained in the 1950s.

From the perspective of building layout, the overall is nearly 40,000 square meters, the scale is very large, composed of 14 single building sites, and the building specifications are high. "Don't think of Minoru Gakugu as a king's tall building. It was a place where thousands of scholars and disciples read, lived, discussed, and studied, and the well-arranged bungalows and square building sites were just right. Zheng Tongxiu, chairman of the Shandong Archaeological Society and director of the Shandong Museum, said.

Chronologically, a large number of fragments of Qi Dao coin coins (molds for minting metal currency) have been excavated in the ash pit that broke the foundation of the building. At the same time, the carbon 14 dating of the formation below the building site is shown as 400 BC to 390 BC. Stratigraphic relations and archaeological dating coincide with the time recorded in the literature.

"We not only use advanced equipment to detect, but also analyze through archaeological experience, synthesize various archaeological data clues, and constantly demonstrate, we can officially declare: Minoru Gakumiya has found it!" Dong Wenbin, project leader and deputy research librarian of the Shandong Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said.

Wei Xinyi's painting "Minoru Gakugu"

What is it

Regular paving tiles, complete drainage system, exquisitely made decorative components, integrated design and creation of building complexes... This place was not only a masterpiece of Warring States architecture, but also a high hall house of Chinese spiritual culture. What kind of spiritual drama was staged here in those years?

It was the year when the archaeologists began to look for the Minoru Gakugu, and the painter Wei Xinyi used the large painting "Minoru Gakumi" to depict the Minoru Gakumi Palace in his heart- the Qunxian Period Meeting, Mr. Debate, the gathering of tourists, and the difference.

In a sense, the Minoru Gakuen is first and foremost the earliest government-run institution of higher learning in the mainland.

According to records, almost all the representatives of the Hundred Houses of the Sons came to the Minoru Gakuen Palace. Most of them led students like Confucius, forming a teaching team, and under the "high gate and horizontal gate" and "summer house long eaves" in Sima Guang's "Jixia Fu", they taught, taught, and passed on their work.

Students here are required to abide by the strict "discipleship", and there are specific regulations on diet, living, clothing, classroom discipline, after-school review, and moral cultivation.

According to experts, the Minoru Gakuen Palace is also the earliest "Academy of Social Sciences" in the mainland.

Most of Mr. Minoru are scholars of the Hundred Schools of Thought, who are rich in knowledge, knowledgeable, have clear ideas, and have theoretical achievements; they talk about words and deeds, write books and make statements, often quote from the sidelines, and do their best to reason, and have a strong theoretical and academic nature.

Here, there are various schools of Confucianism, Taoism, Ink, Law, Bing, Agriculture, Zongheng, and Ming, and there are many academic monographs such as Mencius, Xunzi, Yanzi Chunqiu, and The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic.

The most eye-catching thing, of course, is the controversy of a hundred schools. Guo Moruo believes: "It seems to be a kind of research institute nature, which is different from ordinary schools. Develop to be able to use academic ideas as the object of free study. ”

Minoru Gakuen Palace is bustling, but there is a basic academic order. According to the knowledge, qualifications and achievements of various scholars, they are awarded different titles such as Keqing, Shang dafu, Lie Dafu, as well as Mr. Minoru and Minoru Bachelor, and there are already doctors and bachelors.

Minoru Gakugu is also the earliest "government think tank" in the mainland with advisory functions.

Wang Zhimin, an expert on Qi culture, said: "The rulers of Tian Qi founded the Xuegong and the Corporal Lixian with the intention of opening the door for advice and using it for my use. ”

"Talking about state affairs without holding office", "no official, no words", the sons do not participate in politics, but ask about politics, Mr. Minoru has more than a thousand people, and there are "hundreds of thousands of bachelors" in Minoru.

"They were not only advisers who made suggestions, such as Mencius who proposed to King Xuan of Qi to implement 'benevolent government'; they were also outspoken courtiers, such as Chun Yujie's criticism of King Qi Xuan's good horses, good taste, lust, and 'independent soldiers'; or envoys who eliminated difficulties, such as Zou Yan, who had sent an envoy to Zhao Guo, and Chun Yuji, who had also 'made an envoy to Jing' for Qi." Wang Zhimin said.

What a solution

At the same time as the Axial Age of human civilization, echoing the Minoru Gakuen, a spiritual and cultural complex also appeared in Greece, the homeland of Western civilization, which historians called "Plato Academy" or "Akademi Academy".

"The birth of the sons of Zhou Qin, when the Greek school was flourishing, the rope planet, one east and one west, and then mirrored each other first, such as the copper landslide and Luo Zhongying, Si Yiqi!" The scholar of traditional Chinese studies Deng Shi said in "On the Revival of Ancient Studies".

Ma Guoqing, director of the Qi Culture Museum, believes that the Jixia Xuegong is an indispensable place in the history of Chinese philosophy, ideology, and culture. From a comparative point of view, the Minoru Gakuen and the Greek Academy have their own characteristics, and together they have created a glory in the history of world civilization. The former gathers the sons, pays attention to the humanities, coexists with multiple sects, clashes ideas, and forms a hundred schools of thought; the latter inheritors say that they pay attention to nature, explore truth, pursue science, and cultivate the spirit of independent thinking.

"The discovery of the ruins of the Minoru Gakugu Shrine provides an empirical basis for us to explore eastern wisdom." Sun Bo, president of the Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said.

Today, globalization, the scientific and technological revolution and the information revolution have turned the world into a global village, and the collision and exchange of various civilizations in the world are so close. "How civilizations fit together has become a worldwide conundrum. The construction of future world civilization should also look back 2300 years ago and go to the Minoru Gakuen Palace to find wisdom. It is not only necessary for all families to coexist, be inclusive, treat each other as equals, and develop together, and not exclude or crack down on dissidents, and not choose between likes and dislikes. On the basis of respecting the ideas of various civilizations, we should strengthen exchanges, absorb each other, and innovate and develop. Wang Zhimin said.

In this sense, when the controversy of "the past is in the air, and the dust is gone" is returned to the horizon, its legacy may already have an answer: respect and tolerance are the ways for different civilizations to get along. ■