2021 Annual Archaeological Excavation at the Qingqiu Fortified Site
The Qingqiu Ruins are located in the east of Sixifan Village, Malinggang Town, Heze High-tech Zone, with a total area of about 40,000 square meters. From 2018 to 2021, in order to cooperate with the internship of Shandong University's 2015 and 2018 archaeology students, Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other units organized two active archaeological excavations, and obtained a number of cultural relics from longshan culture, Yueshi culture, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Tang and Song Dynasties, Ming and Qing dynasties.
Yongsan cultural pottery
Yongsan cultural housing site
The Longshan cultural site excavated in 2021 is well preserved, and the wall has been rebuilt in situ many times. The Yueshi culture site has not been used for a long time, and the pottery has produced more lace mouths along the Rope Jar and the Fine Rope Mane of the Lower Qiyuan Culture, and the excavated Jue is closer to the shape of the early Jue of the Erlitou Culture. In the Shang Dynasty, the strata thickened sharply and sacrificed large animals for sacrifice. There are very few remnants in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and large rammed earth platforms and noble tombs appeared in the Eastern Zhou, and the Han Dynasty became a cemetery, and the way of use of the mounds changed. From the Tang and Song dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, there were many large-scale floods of the Yellow River, and the piles were buried by flood deposits around them. This batch of excavation materials represents a slice of a large number of ruins in southwest Lunan, and provides important information for archaeological research in the junction area of Sulu and Yuwan. (Chen Xuexiang, Gao Jixi, Zhao Yongsheng, Li Li)
Yueshi culture pottery
The collapsed adobe wall at the site of the Yueshi culture
Horse skeletons were unearthed from the Shang Dynasty sacrifice pits
Han Dynasty tombs are buried with pottery figurines
Image source: Qingqiu Archaeological Team
Project Leader: Chen Xuexiang
This article was published in the October 2021 issue of Popular Archaeology
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The Heze Qingqiu Pile site was excavated this year for 800 square meters
Discover dozens of Longshan and Yueshi house sites!
2021-07-19
From March to July this year, teachers and students of the Department of Archaeology of Shandong University discovered a number of sites, cellars, sacrifice pits, tombs and other remains from Longshan to the Han Dynasty during the archaeological teaching internship at the Qingqiu Kuidui site in Heze, among which the sites of Longshan and Yueshi cultures were well preserved, and the pottery excavated from the sites and ash pits had the dual characteristics of late Longshan culture and Yueshi culture, and had a relatively strong factor of Lower Qiyuan culture and Erlitou culture. In order to enhance the scientific nature of archaeological excavations at the Qingqiu Ruins, better excavate the archaeological value of the sites, and inherit and utilize its cultural connotations, Shandong University and the Heze Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism jointly held the "2021 Annual Archaeological Achievements Demonstration Meeting of the Qingqiu Kuidui Ruins" in Heze on July 16.
Experts and scholars from the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Peking University, Zhengzhou University, Henan University, Beijing Union University, Nanjing Museum, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and other units attended the meeting.
Team leaders Chen Xuexiang and Gao Jixi introduced the excavation of the site to the visiting experts. This year's excavation area totaled 800 square meters, and dozens of stone sites in Longshan and Yueshan were found, and rich relics were unearthed. The participating experts and scholars entered the excavation site to observe carefully, and inquired and discussed the construction methods of the houses, the construction and the age of abandonment, as well as the nature and formation process of other ruins, and carefully observed the excavated pottery.
Subsequently, the experts listened to the special report on the archaeological harvest of the team leader Chen Xuexiang. In 2021, the excavation work of the Heze Qingqiu Kuidui site, on the basis of the excavation in 2018, selected the area closer to the core of the site to continue excavation. This excavation found a large number of longshan and Yueshi cultural sites, Shang Dynasty sacrifice pits, ash pits and cellars related to daily life in various eras, and found a number of relics of Yueshi culture. This excavation is of great significance for revealing the formation and development process of the pile. Since the Longshan cultural period, the ancestors have lived here for a long time; the artifacts excavated from the Yueshi culture relics provide evidence for the integration of Yi, Xia and Shang in this area; the style of pottery before and after the Shang Dynasty has changed greatly, which is relatively consistent with the changes in the use of the pottery, which is speculated or related to the flood; in order to cope with the flood, the residents of the kuidui have adopted a strategy of high and low; in the agricultural strategy, it is manifested as farmland fragmentation and crop diversification; and the possibility of building a large pre-Qin settlement in the local flat land since the Longshan culture is not ruled out.
On the afternoon of the 16th, it was a demonstration meeting. Wang Shougong, director of the Department of Cultural Relics Protection and Archaeology of the Department of Culture and Tourism of Shandong Province, reviewed the history of archaeology in Shandong and emphasized that Haidai culture is an important part of Chinese civilization. Wang Shougong fully affirmed the achievements of archaeology in Shandong University in recent years, and put forward expectations for the excavation and research of the Sulu YuwanDui site. Hou Jie, vice mayor of Heze Municipal Government, first thanked the archaeologists of Qingqiu For their dedication and welcomed the scholars attending the meeting. Hou Jie stressed that Heze has a long history and is the intersection of the Yellow River culture, the Central Plains culture and the Haidai culture, and the archaeology of Heze Kuidui has made positive contributions to the exploration of Heze history and even the formation of Chinese civilization.
Subsequently, under the presidency of Wang Wei, chairman of the Chinese Archaeological Society, the participating experts combined the on-site inspection and theme report to conduct academic demonstrations on the results of this archaeological excavation. The participating experts fully affirmed the archaeological work carried out by Shandong University at the Qingqiu Kuidui site, under the guidance of the concept of multidisciplinary cooperation, guided by solving academic problems, strictly abiding by the field archaeological work procedures of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, and achieved very important archaeological harvests. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of archaeology, the Qingqiu Ruins provide new materials and new evidence for exploring a series of important archaeological issues in Xia Shang. In addition, the participants stressed the importance of the archaeology of Qingqiu Kuidui, and proposed that the next step is to continue to carry out in-depth archaeological work on the chronology, formation process, settlement properties, environmental archaeology and other aspects of the Qingqiu Kuidui site, and provide protection suggestions for the sites found at the site.
The successful convening of this expert site meeting is of great significance to the excavation work and provides valuable guidance for the next step of the site's work plan. The Qingqiu Kuidui site will continue to carry out follow-up work and make in-depth interpretations of the ancient human-land relationship, cultural outlook, settlement evolution, and social organization changes reflected in the mound.