White glazed olive-shaped bottle
Song (960–1279 CE)
Height 28.2 cm, caliber 6.6 cm, base diameter 6.8 cm
Collection of Puyang Museum
Gray and white tires, hard and dense, wheeled, the whole is olive-shaped. Straight mouth, flat folded edge, rounded lip, short neck, rounded abdomen, small flat bottom. White glaze is applied inside and outside, the glaze color is uniform, and the glaze is lustrous.
The Legend of the Flood and the Formation of the Ancient Chinese State
Wang Runtao, Journal of Hubei University, No. 2, 1990, pp. 53-57
This paper argues that the emergence of the state is the result of the interplay of historical necessity and contingency. At the end of our primitive society, the productive forces developed rapidly, and surplus products and private property appeared, which led to socio-economic and class differentiation, thus making the emergence of the state inevitable. However, the contingency by which the state was realized was the flood that occurred during the Yao Shun period. The occurrence of floods accelerated the development of mixed habitation, the clan tribes broke the original closedness, and the large-scale movement of the population loosened the blood ties that linked the clans. Water control projects require a unified arrangement of arrangements, which is a basic force for the integration of clans and tribes, which in turn will break the clan boundaries based on blood groups. In the process of water control, the power of water control institutions gradually germinates and expands, and the water control authorities such as Xia Yu manipulate water control institutions, usurp and abuse their democratic power and expand them, rising to power, like the image of the monarch, and the water control institutions are also transformed into state organizations. At this point in the formation of the state, ancient Egypt and ancient China have a contrast.
"The Mystery of the Decline of Longshan Culture and Liangzhu Culture Coincides with the Congratulatory Letter of the International Symposium to Commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the Excavation of the Chengziya Ruins"
Yu Weichao, Cultural Relics World, No. 3, 1992, pp. 27-28
This paper believes that in the dawning era of China's civilization from 5000 to 4000 years ago, the light of the Longshan culture in the east and the Liangzhu culture in the southeast was the brightest, and the development level of the Longshan stage cultures in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the same period could not reach this height. However, when it was close to 4,000 years ago, the Longshan culture mutated into yueshi culture, and the Liangzhu culture also mutated into Maqiao, Hushu and other cultures, and the distribution density of the sites of Yueshi and Maqiao and Hushu cultures, the area of the sites, and even the production and living standards of the culture itself were far less than or lower than the Longshan and Liangzhu cultures. The Yueshi, Maqiao, Hushu cultures that replaced the Longshan and Liangzhu cultures and the other cultures contained in their cultural sources were so weak that they were obviously not foreign forces that could conquer the Longshan and Liangzhu cultures, and the decay of the Longshan and Liangzhu cultures may have stemmed from flooding. Because the Henan Longshan culture is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the disasters suffered are smaller than the Longshan culture downstream, thus entering the era of civilization as early as possible and establishing the Xia Dynasty. If this flood had not occurred, our original dynasty might and should have been founded by Dongyi. Finally, the author points out that this is only a conjecture, and that to scientifically argue this fact, it will take many years of work by archaeologists and scientists such as physical geography and historical geography.
The source of the text is "Research Outline of the Origin of Chinese Civilization", published by Cultural Relics Publishing House in December 2003
Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Research Center for Ancient Civilizations, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, ed
The source of the picture and description is from the public account of Puyang Museum