Zhang Daqian is one of the giants filmed in "A Hundred Years of Great Masters and Fine Arts". Zhang Daqian passed away in 1983, and 2022 marks the 39th anniversary of his death.
The launching ceremony of "100 Years of Great Master - Zhang Daqian" was held on April 10, 2010 at the Zhang Daqian Memorial Hall in Neijiang, Sichuan, and on April 18 of the same year, it was held at the Zhang Daqian Memorial Hall in Taipei. People's Daily, Guangming Daily, NetEase News, Sichuan News Network and others reported on the launching ceremony.
Highlights of "A Hundred Years of Master - Zhang Daqian"
Mr. Zhang Daqian, a master of Chinese painting who was praised by Mr. Xu Beihong as the "first person in the painting world in five hundred years", has a very good relationship with Tangqi. In the 1920s and 1930s, he visited Tangqi several times, leaving many good stories.
In recent years, many local articles have written about Zhang Daqian's anecdotes and anecdotes about His visit to Tangqi, including his friendship with Lu Guilin, a framed painting shop in "Xuegu Zhai", and his friendship with Wu Yulin, the owner of the Wu Mansion in Shuibei, and so on. But unfortunately, these anecdotes do not clearly explain the real reason why Zhang Daqian went to Tangqi. After consulting zhang da's millennium genealogy and relevant materials, it was found that the content in the relevant articles was plausible. For example, when talking about Zhang Daqian's friendship with Mr. Lu Guilin, a painting shop in Xueguzhai, there is "When Zhang Daqian lived with his brother Zhang Shanxiao in The 30s, mulu framed his name as a good painter, went to Tangqi several times, and after getting acquainted, he met and hated late. At that time, Zhang roamed Hangjia Lake, painted very poorly, and Mounted Shijiu Jiaolu..." narration. Here Zhang Daqian will "Shi Jiu Jiao Lu framed" calligraphy and paintings, which seems to contradict historical facts. I think that the Zhang brothers lived in Shanghai, where the Ten Mile Ocean Field lived, and Shanghai was also the foothold of the maritime painting school that dominated the north and south of the great river, where antique dealers, calligraphy and painting dealers gathered, and there were many masters and famous teachers who framed calligraphy and painting. In addition, the transportation from Shanghai to Tangqi was not as convenient as it is now, even if Lu Guilin's skills were unique, the Zhang brothers were not very good at traveling far and wide, and came to him to ask him to frame calligraphy and paintings. Therefore, Zhang's several visits to Tangqi must have other reasons.
According to the author's research, the main reason why Zhang Daqian went to Tangqi several times was related to the fact that his eldest disciple Wu Zijing was a Tangqi person.
1. Zhang Daqian's first disciple Wu Zijing
Tangqi Ancient Town
Wu Zijing (1901-1944), whose ancestral home is Shexian County, Anhui Province, was born in Tangqi Town, Renhe County, to a family of Hui merchants engaged in tea trading. He was talented from an early age, did not like business, but loved Danqing. When Wu Zijing was eighteen years old, he married Zhu Chunyue, who was also a tea merchant in Huizhou. After marriage, they have two sons, the long root, the second root year.
Wu Zijing was in charge of the ancestral family business at the age of 20, when the Wu family rented a tea shop with the shop number "Wu Shisheng" in the left side of Grape Bay, West Street, Tangqi Town, mainly engaged in tea wholesale business. In addition, there is a semicolon wholesale tea in Deqing City, and the stack house where the tea is stored is in the Wang family pocket. Later, he rented a hall house from a family surnamed Wang on the east side of ma Tongchang Lane on the east side of the blacksmith Street in The West Xiaohe North Street of the town for home use.
At that time, in addition to taking care of the tea business, Wu Zijing liked calligraphy and painting in his spare time.
Second, the relationship between Wu Zijing and Zhang Daqian
Zhang Daqian's "Spring Tea Tasting Map"
In the early 1920s, the super mountain and the plum blossom of the super mountain in Tangqi were spread by Wu Changshuo, Zhou Mengpo, Yao Yuqin, Wang Yiting and other predecessors, and were very famous in Shanghai and Hangzhou. Every spring, the literati guests who come to enjoy the plum spring are endless, and the traffic in those years was mainly by waterways, so Tangqi Town, which is a waterway pier, is naturally lively.
According to the descendants of the Wu clan, on January 26, 1925, on the third day of the first lunar month of the lunar calendar, Wu Zijing received a letter from a relative who opened a rice shop in Shanghai, which, in addition to family greetings, mainly talked about the message of introducing friends Zhang Daqian and Zhang Shanxiao to Chaoshan to enjoy plum blossoms. At that time, the Zhang brothers were already very famous and loved calligraphy and painting. Wu Zijing, who has always been hospitable, was of course very welcome, and immediately replied to the letter, promising to receive the Zhang brothers.
On February 9, the seventeenth day of the first lunar month, brothers Zhang Shanxiao and Zhang Daqian took a boat from Songjiang in Shanghai to Tangqi and lived in the House of the West Hippo Tongchang Lane House rented by the Wu family.
It is said that the Zhang brothers learned of the fame of Chaoshan plum blossoms from Wu Changshuo, the leader of the Shanghai painting circle, and coincidentally, the rice shop owner who often interacted with their family was a relative of the Wu family in Tangqi, and he heard that Zhang Kunzhong wanted to go to Tangqi Chaoshan to admire plum blossoms, so he introduced the Wu family.
From the second day when the Zhang brothers arrived in Tangqi, Wu Zijing rented a small boat and personally accompanied him to Chaoshan to explore and admire plums for several days. Two days ago, Zhang Daqian only admired the plum blossoms, observed the charm of the plum trees and plum blossoms, and the beautiful and clear scenery of the super mountain, and began to sketch on the third day. After returning to Tangqi Town, he painted according to the manuscript in the Wu Family Hall.
This year, Wu Zijing was 24 years old. He studied with Mr. Qian Bosen, a famous teacher of Tangqi Private School, for several years, and wrote a good calligraphy and had a certain foundation in painting. The Zhang Daqian brothers naturally encouraged him. When Wu Zijing proposed to him to learn painting from a teacher, the bold Zhang Daqian saw that Wu Zijing loved calligraphy and painting so much, and after obtaining Zhu's consent, he agreed to take Wu Zijing as an apprentice. So the Wu family prepared a banquet for the master, and invited relatives and friends to witness, and held a formal worship ceremony in Tangqi, and Wu Zijing became Zhang Daqian's first disciple.
According to Zhang Daqian's genealogy, Zhang Daqian first used the name of "Dafeng Hall" at the end of 1925, so when Wu Zijing entered Zhang Daqian's door in February 1925, Zhang Shi had not yet created the "Dafeng Hall".
It was during this visit to Tangqi that Zhang Daqian, who was enthusiastic, met through Wu Zijing and Lu Guilin, a famous designer of framing calligraphy and painting in the town.
The Zhang brothers, who came to Tangqi for the first time, were warmly received by the Wu family, and they were very fond of the water village style of Tangqi and Tangqi, which was a bustling water and land dock on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal at that time, made them even more impressed. During this trip, he not only painted a number of plum blossoms, but also painted the small town style of Jiangnan Water Town. Therefore, I was originally scheduled to live for only 5 days, but I lived for a total of 13 days before and after, which is really enjoyable. When he returned to Shanghai, Wu Zijing handed over the business to his wife Zhu Chunyue to take care of, and resolutely followed the Zhang brothers to Shanghai, embarking on the road of following Zhang Daqian to learn painting.
According to Zhang Da's millennium genealogy, in June of the same year, the Zhang family suffered great losses in the economy, and the family began to cut off the economic supply of Mr. Daqian. In the autumn, in order to solve the source of livelihood, Zhang Daqian spent one month to paint a hundred paintings, and held his first personal exhibition in his life at the Ningbo Tongxiang Association Hall in Shanghai, and Wu Zijing traveled around Zhang Luo to assist Zhang Daqian in handling the exhibition. The exhibition was a success and caused a sensation on the beach.
In 1926, After inspecting Chahar, Zhang Shanxiao went to serve as the county magistrate of Shangdu County. Wu Zijing followed Zhang Daqian to study painting in Shanghai.
Zhang Daqian has climbed the Huangshan Mountain three times in his lifetime, and according to relevant information, Wu Zijing accompanied him on all three occasions.
Zhang Daqian, "Huangshan Wenbi Peak"
Zhang Daqian first ascended Huangshan in the early summer of 1927, at the age of 29. Accompanied by several disciples, he and his second brother Zhang Shanxiao hiked to the top of the Huangshan Mountains.
Huizhou native dialect is difficult to understand as the Zhang brothers of the Sichuan people. Wu Zijing, whose hometown is in Huizhou and has many close relatives in his hometown in Huizhou, naturally bears the heavy responsibility of accompanying him and contacting the reception. It is said that huangshan was rarely visited in those days, and many small roads were difficult to pass. It was Wu Zijing's relatives who told a few mountain people to split the road and open the way to reach the top of the Huangshan Mountain. In early summer, when the Tangqi loquat is ripe, this time the Huangshan Road passes through Hangzhou. Therefore, Zhang Daqian and others should once again accompany Wu Zijing to Tangqi to taste loquat rare fruit.
According to relevant data research, Mr. Daqian received more than 100 students in his lifetime. When Zhang Daqian introduced the doorman to his friends, he always pointed at Wu Zijing and said, "This is my disciple who opened the door." It shows the status of Wu Zijing in Zhang Daqian's mind, and he is deeply trusted by Zhang Daqian.
In 1928, Zhang Mu's 70th birthday. Wu Zijing took his wife and children to the Zhang family home at the foot of the Bottle Mountain in The South Gate of Weitang, Jiashan, "LaiQingtang" to wish Zhang Mother a happy birthday. Zhang Daqian introduced Wu Zijing's wife Zhu Chunyue to his mother, and when he heard that Zijing gave up his family business to learn painting, Chunyue fully supported and single-handedly took up the burden of the family, Zhang's mother was very touched and praised Zhu Chunyue as a rare virtuous wife and mother, who intended to accept her as a foster daughter. Since then, the two families have become family friends. Wu Zijing changed his name to Zhang Shanxiao as the second brother, Zhang Daqian as the starling, and Wu Zijing ranked twelfth in the Zhang family.
In 1930, Zhang Daqian held a painting exhibition in Shanghai. In July of the same year, Zeng Xi died, and Wu Zijingjun was at his side to assist in various matters.
In September 1931, with a pleasant autumn breeze, Mr. Zhang Daqian, together with his second brother Zhang Shanxiao, his nephew Zhang Xuming, and his disciples Wu Zijing and Mu Quanshu (Mu Lingfei) went from Shanghai to Huangshan, Anhui Province, to sketch. When passing through Hangzhou, he once took the opportunity to visit the Xiling Printing Society.
In order to commemorate the second to Huangshan, Zhang Daqian specially made a batch of commemorative ink to give to friends, and the front book of ink has "Return of the Sea of Clouds, The Title of the Great Thousand Residents". Since then, his paintings have often had the seal of "two people to the top of huangshan mountain".
In 1936, the 38-year-old Zhang Daqian landed on Huangshan Mountain for the third time. That time, it was still entered through the soup mouth. In addition to a few first sons, there are also Chinese painting master Xu Beihong and painter Xie Zhiliu. When you returned to his suzhou apartment, he carved a seal of "three to the top of Huangshan Mountain" to commemorate it. Since then, he has often had this seal on his paintings.
In the autumn of the same year, Wu Zijing's son Wu Gen married in Tangqi, Zhang Daqian's brothers drank happy wine from Suzhou to Tangqi, gave the newcomer a set of Jingde Zhending burnt magnets, Zhang Daqian personally depicted bright red Ganoderma lucidum and turquoise grass on a delicate small tea bowl. In addition, there is a painting of the "Double Tiger" by Zhang Shanxiao, a painting of a waterfall of po stone by Zhang Daqian, and a painting of the "Double Tiger Figure" in the middle hall. On the day of the bride's wedding, the painting hung high above the hall, and countless famous people from the town came to see it, causing a sensation in the town. To this day, the descendants of Wu Zijing in Tangqi still treasure two small tea bowls and this painting.
After handling the marriage of the eldest son, because Zhang Daqian was serving in Beiping, Wu Zijing went north with his teacher, and was recommended by Zhang Daqian to the Palace Museum as a painter, and once lived in Zhongnanhai Zhixiuxuan. In the meantime, while painting and creating, he also sorted out the album.
On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out and the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out. The Zhang Daqian brothers began to flee. Zhang Shanxiao went to Lushan, Jiangxi, while Zhang Daqian was in Beijing, and his family first withdrew to Wuxi and then to Anhui. They entrusted the family belongings that could not be taken away and the "tiger children" raised by the brothers who were difficult to evacuate to the care and management of Wu Zijing, a disciple who had lived in the Master of Nets Garden. At that time, Japanese aircraft frequently attacked Shanghai and Suzhou, and there were no air defense facilities in the Nets Division Park, both for fear of bombs scaring Tiger Er, and afraid that if the wall was broken, Tiger Er would be frightened and rushed out of the Nets Division Park and injured people. Therefore, one day, before wu Zijing fled, he put the tiger who was accustomed to free activities into an iron cage weighing more than 1,000 kilograms and was not used in normal times, and then put dozens of kilograms of beef in the cage, and then went out of the city to take refuge in the rural town of Mudu. Tiger Er has never been locked in an iron cage, lost his freedom, angry and stuffy, and ate dozens of pounds of beef at once. Wu Zijing was originally scheduled to return to Suzhou on the second day, but due to the chaos of the army, he did not return until the evening of the third day. Returning to the Master of Nets Garden, he found that Tiger Er had died of exhaustion.
When the country was in trouble, Wu Zijing, because his teacher Zhang Daqian and many of his fellow disciples were still in Beiping City, resolutely went north, how could he expect that this time he had entered the siege of Beiping. In 1944, at the age of 43, Wu Zijing, in the absence of medical treatment and medicine, was forced to die in the Haochunxuan apartment of No. 7 Shihu Hutong, Outside the Xuanwu Gate of Beiping under the rule of Riguan, and was hastily buried with his brothers in the suburbs of Yanjing. According to Wu Zijing's daughter-in-law's recollection, her relics were sent from Beiping to the Hengtou Stack in Tangqi West by her fellow disciples, and there were two leather boxes, which she personally went to pick up. It was found that the box had been opened, and only a few paintings and some daily clothing items were inside.
3. Wu Zijing's artistic achievements
Works by Wu Zijing
In recent years, a scholar who studied Zhang Daqian, Wan Junchao, has written the "DafengTang Disciple Point General Record" and praised Wu Zijing as "Heavenly Wound Star Walker Wu Song", which should be a very true portrayal of it. It can be considered that Wu Zijing, as the most senior among the dafengtang disciples, is really cheerful, respects teachers and re-learns, works cleanly and sharply, and is thoughtful. Therefore, he can get the trust of the Zhang brothers.
Wu Zijing is obsessed with calligraphy and painting, has ambitions and ambitions, in order to pursue art, he can give up his wife and son, follow the teacher for more than ten years, which is difficult for ordinary people to do. Although Wu Zijing's life was short, he studied with his teachers for many years, befriended famous artists in the north and south, and through the eyes of ancient famous deeds, his calligraphy and painting skills have been deeply accomplished. According to Wu Zijing's descendants, after the end of the Cultural Revolution turmoil, Mr. Xiao Jianchu, the seventh disciple of Wu Zijing, Zhang Daqian's son-in-law, and then a professor at the Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts, wrote to him that Wu Zijing's paintings were already very skilled, Zhang Daqian attached great importance to them, and many of his disciples also respected his brothers, and his Chinese paintings "Heavenly Girl Scattered Flowers" and "Peacock Opening Screen" were collected by Rong Baozhai. Moreover, he also studied the painting techniques of the late Luoshan people Hua Yao, and although there are few works handed down so far, they are exquisite works.
The vertical axis of the "landscape map" painted by it has been auctioned in China in recent years. This painting is fresh and elegant.
When Wu Zijing studied painting with his teacher, he had contacts with Wang Jiqian, Xiao Yu, Yu Feimin, Pu Ru (Pu Xinshe), Pu Ling, Wu Jingting, Wu Hufan, Chen Ziqing (Cousin of Wu Hufan), Han Xinshou and other famous artists from the north and south.
Mr. Wu Zijing died many years ago, and his relationship with his mentor Zhang Daqian has also sunk in the clouds of Shi Hai, and the ancient plum blossoms in the plum blossom forest of Chaoshan Mountain in Tangqi more than 80 years ago, which are delicate and dazzling, cold and floating, arrogant and hardy, and of high quality, have made a deep mark in the master's heart. In his later years, Zhang Daqian planted plum trees in the back garden of the "Maya Jingshe" in Shuangxi, Taipei, and built a "plum hill" in the middle, and a generation of Chinese painting masters died in the "meiqiu".
※This article is based on the narration of Wu Zijing's descendants, and is compiled with reference to "Zhang Da's Millennium Genealogy", "Dafengtang Tongmen Record", Bao Limin's "Zhang Daqian Art Circle" and other materials.
Source | Linping Shizhi
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Yang Jingdao, producer and chief planner of "A Hundred Years of Masters", took a group photo with Zhang Xinrui, daughter of Zhang Daqian, and Zhang Paul, son of Zhang Daqian, in the Former Residence of Zhang Daqian in the United States
On April 10, 2010, "A Hundred Years of Great Master - Zhang Daqian" was launched in Neijiang, Sichuan
On April 18, 2010, "A Hundred Years of Great Master - Zhang Daqian" was launched at the Zhang Daqian Memorial Hall in Taipei
Yang Jingdao, producer and chief planner of "One Hundred Years of Masters", took a group photo with Zhang Xinrui and Zhang Xinxian, daughters of Zhang Daqian, at the Beijing Silver Valley Art Museum
Yang Jingdao, producer and chief planner of "One Hundred Years of Masters", Zhao Weidong, general director of "One Hundred Years of Masters and Fine Arts" (parts 1, 2 and 3), and Zhang John, son of Zhang Daqian, took a group photo in the United States
Yang Jingdao, producer and chief planner of "One Hundred Years of Masters", Zhao Weidong, general director of "One Hundred Years of Masters and Fine Arts" (parts 1, 2 and 3), And Zhang Daqian's son Zhang Paul, son Zhang Xincheng and his wife, daughter Zhang Xinrui and granddaughters Xiao Lian, Xiao Roujia, and translator Jiang Mei took a group photo in the United States
Yang Jingdao, producer and chief planner of "Centennial Masters", took a group photo with Zhang Xinqing, the daughter of Zhang Daqian
"A Hundred Years of Great Master - Zhang Daqian" Cultural Relics Publishing House
Producer | Hou Xuan
Art Editing | Magical conch
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