Anqiu City has a profound historical and cultural accumulation and rich resources, and in 148 BC (the second year of the Han Jing Emperor), Anqiu County was established, and 110 cultural sites of Dawenkou, Longshan and Shangzhou have been excavated in the territory, with more than 10,000 cultural relics. Anqiu has been born from ancient times, gongyechang, Laozi, Youzi, Li Zuoche, and Liu Da, the pioneer of the democratic revolution, who are either famous for their literary rule and writings, or for their martial arts and integrity. Anqiu City is rich in cultural relics resources, there are 177 immovable cultural relics, including 2 national key cultural relics protection units (Qi Great Wall site, Dongjiazhuang Han portrait stone tomb), 14 provincial level; the municipal museum has 3626 pieces (sets) of cultural relics in 30 categories. There are a total of 184 items on the intangible cultural heritage list, including 2 at the national level (traditional brewing techniques of Sun Zhen fist and Jingzhi wine) and 16 items at the provincial level.
In recent years, the Anqiu Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism has conscientiously implemented the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on carrying forward China's excellent history and culture, continuously cultivated the fertile cultural soil and enhanced cultural self-confidence, especially taking advantage of the current favorable opportunity of Weifang City to create an "East Asian Cultural Capital", vigorously promoting the splendid and long-standing history and culture of Anqiu, extensively carrying out various forms of cultural exchange activities, effectively enhancing the people's sense of acquisition and satisfaction with cultural life, and striving to highlight the charm of Anqiu culture in East Asian cultural exchanges.
Today, Xiaobian takes you to appreciate the cultural relics of Anqiu - GuijiaGuanyin Temple and Guanyin Bridge.
Guijiaxuan Village is located on the east side of the toll station of National Highway 206 in Anqiu City, and belongs to the Guijiayan Community of Xin'an Street, which is located in the plain, with slightly higher terrain in the northwest and low in the southeast. In 2014, due to the lack of precipitation for consecutive years, the water level of the reservoir north of the village dropped, and on the southwest side of the reservoir, some stone monuments were exposed to the water and scattered at the water's edge. In May of that year, the Anqiu City Museum collected four stone stele cultural relics from the site. After collation and research, it was found that the inscription on the stone stele recorded the establishment of the Guanyin Temple and the Guanyin Bridge in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the repairs of several times, and the list of people who donated money to repair them. This article attempts to reconstruct the existence of the Guanyin Temple and the Guanyin Bridge in Guijia through the collation and reading of the inscriptions.
1. Basic information and inscription reading
The four stone tablets are bluestone texture, all of which are different degrees of defects, the inscription is rambling, the damaged text is replaced by □, the missing sentence is marked by an ellipsis, and the marked "/" is the end of the line of the stele.
1. Qingxiu Bridge Monument
The stele is 114 cm high, 70 cm wide and 26 cm thick. The upper and lower ends of the stele are mutilated, the middle is broken, and the left and right sides are lightly carved with tangled branches and floral trims. The inscription reads as follows: "... There is a Zhuang Nan Yue Bei Xuan Temple, which belongs to the Anqiu area, and the north is known as Gui Jia Yan, that is, it belongs to the Changle Jie. There is a temple in the north of Zhuangbei, called KannonJi Temple. There is a ditch in front of the temple, which is connected from north to south. Smelled since the Longqing years by water....../...... Carriages and horses and pedestrians □□ and difficult to navigate. Honjo residents also sighed... and □□ to be □ before the 36th year of the Kangxi Dynasty, on September 15, Honjo .../...... After the incense of the temple god □□□, □□ people repeatedly came inside,...... There is a move to build a bridge. The cost of reconsideration was insufficient, and he did not dare to build the work. and the same business.../...... The □ of the shi was □ to the neighboring village, and the □□□ shi, and now the stone bridge is built together. The work has been completed, the journey is in an anbu, the monument is erected on the left, the reputation of the non-Bo, but the benevolent gentleman after the ,....../... It was able to be long ago, and it was hoped that the bridge would be built with the surname of □, and it was engraved in the back. Attached to the names of the donors, the handwriting is mutilated and vague, and the excerpt is as follows: "Wang Sanming, Li Chengjin, Zhu Fengzhen, Zhou Panlong, Qi □ San, Qin Shirong, Ye Rui ... Drop: "... April 15".
2. The monument was rebuilt in the eighth year of the Qianlong Dynasty
The stele is 192 cm high, 72 cm wide and 19 cm thick. The lower right side of the stele is mutilated, and the two sides are lightly carved with treasure vases with tangled branches and floral trims, and the lower part is carved with seawater ornaments. From the top to the right, the four-character inscription is written in a four-character inscription "Reconstruction of the Monument". The inscription reads as follows: "The ancients were still simple and simple. The Guanyin Temple of Wu Estate is not only the site of The Pass,......。 / From the beginning of Yin Chun, he moved here from his father and brother. When the first smell is self-evident, the people in the people □... /, the finished one or fall off without support. □ Yu Tongren was unable to lift □ every time he wanted to do so. .../For the sake of the market, and then as scheduled, God will be in the midst of all the tests. □ have been drought again...,/There are several women in the estate, and the drama is □□ and the heavy rain □□ shino.../Kiya. There are Hou Lai recipients, Daoists.../The temple is majestic, the gods Houhui.../To the end□□ Xiuya. □□ pen zhizhi, to the good of the people, this is immortal. /Male □ book. /" 69 in the following column of donors. Some excerpts are as follows: "Lü Zuochen, Cao Qian, Wang Shaoru, Jiao Tingxiang, Zhang Wei, Li Yuan, Ma Wenxian, Ma Wenqi, Ye Ruchun, Ye Rujin, Cao Shenxing, Zhou Lesheng, Qin Xi." / Falling paragraph title: "Qing Qianlong eight years old times in July Dan Li." Punk Li and Punk Li engraved □".
3. Qing Jiaqing rebuilt the Guanyin Bridge Monument in the 20th year
The stele is 174 cm high, 73 cm wide and 20 cm thick. The lower left corner is mutilated, surrounded by lightly carved branches and floral ornaments. From the top to the right to the left, the inscription is five-character letter "Rebuilding the Guanyin Bridge". The inscription reads as follows: "There is a stone bridge in my village, in front of the Guanyin Temple, so it is called Guanyin Bridge." Created in the forty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty, it has been in the past. Repeatedly destroyed and repaired, a grand event. A few predecessors... / have been three times. It is □ Gong no Ke Shao former karma also. Since the eighteenth year of Jiaqing, heavy rain, swelled the stream, the stone slab collapsed, the beach under the bridge collapsed, the neighbor merchants consulted a lot... / Jia Shudong, the prince of Wuyou Guangbi indignantly proposed, and the neighbors □□□□ each donated funds and raised funds. Yi Hai Chun, dove work, not fifty years and finished. The erection of the monument ..., / Zhi Zhi, □ told Yu Yue, is the □□□□□ of the district.... There is no lift, and the previous achievements have fallen several times. Use it as a monument to express the virtue of the predecessors and enlighten future generations. .../Shan Yun. Written by The Liren Qin Guozhuo. An Yi... Leaders of the Advocates: Wang Xuzi Guangbi, Li □, □□, Wang Anren, Ling Huiji, Jiao Deqia, Wang Fuyuan, Wang Liren, Ye Ying". After that, there are 14 rows and 16 columns of donor names, business names, etc. Excerpts are as follows: "PingduGong □ Shan, Juzhou Bai Xude, Weiyi Pei Tifeng", etc.; the trade names "Anqiu Yuanlidian, Gongyi, Jiuru, Zhengyuan, Yongtai, Yongxiang, Shuisheng, Yishun, Yisheng" and so on. Fang Shi Chen □□. The names of 14 donating businesses in the area of "Zhucheng, Hail Spring, Beiguo, Jingzhi, Juzhou, Rizhao, Qingkou, Cross Road, Ganyu and Onlygou"; and "Xuejiazhuang, Zhangjia Shilong, Liujiaying, Shiyangguanzhuang" and other hezhuangs in 27 villages near The village of Guijiaxuan donated funds. Falling money" presided over the Daoist Xu Benwen and Xiao Ben increased fundraising. Jiaqing twenty years of Yihai May Dan. ”
4. Rebuild the Guanyin Bridge Monument in the first year of the Qing Dynasty
The stele is 111 cm high, 65 cm wide and 17 cm thick. Only the upper part of the stele remains, with shallowly carved back-shaped edges on the left and right, and two dragon play beads engraved on the top. At the upper end, from right to left, a five-character script is arranged in five characters, "Rebuilding the Guanyin Bridge". The inscription reads as follows: "There is a stone bridge in front of the Guanyin Temple in Wu Estate, and the predecessors called it Guanyin Bridge because of its name. Creation.../To Jiaqing Himself, rebuilt, so far more than a hundred years old. The beach at the bottom of the bridge collapsed,....../ regretted it, and repeatedly wanted to make up for it, but the force was not caught. This spring there was little rain, a little time for farming, there were .../initiatives, business with neighbors and passers-by, each donating funds and wealth, becoming this grand event. As for the wall in front of the temple, it was Lü Gonglanfang who came out. .../Attached to this, those who are happy and righteous in the future, do not replace the clouds one after another. / Initiative Lu Xiwen", etc. Attached is the name of the donor of the bridge repair, "□ Weifu, Hu Wenyao" and so on. "Presiding over the Daoist Mi Yuanhao". Fallen: "Xuan Tong First Year Year Year Of The Fourth Month of Self-Unitary".
2. Relevant research
According to the "Annals of Places in Anqiu County", "Guijiaxuan, according to legend, was originally named Dongdian, and during the war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the residents were displaced, and after the war, they returned to their hometowns, and changed the name of the village to Guijiaxuan." The village was originally under the jurisdiction of Anqiu and Changle counties, and was transferred to Anqiu County in 1948. According to the "Anqiu Rural Chronicle", "From the county rule out of the north gate of the city, through the north pass north of the five miles to cross the Wenshui, and then the north two miles through Jiaojiazhuang and the north three miles to cross the Xiaowen River, and then five miles north to The Guijia yan exit into the boundary of Changle County, and weixian South Road to connect this as the north road of the county, counting fifteen miles within the territory, and after leaving the country, sixty-five miles northwest to Weixian County." It can be seen that Guijia is located on the traffic artery from Anqiu to Changle and Weixian, which is the key to the ancient official road. There is a natural river running north-south to the east of Guijiayan Village, which originates in the western foothills of Lingshan Mountain, passes through Liujiazhuang, former Zhujiazhuang, Houzhujiazhuang, ZhengjiashiLongzi, Xuejiazhuang, Guijiazhuang, and south from Fanjiazhuang into the Xiaowen River.
According to the inscription, among the four stone stele discovered this time, the "Monument to the Reconstruction of the Guanyin Bridge in the Eighth Year of the QingQianlong Dynasty" (hereinafter referred to as the Qingqianlong Monument) records the incident of rebuilding the Guanyin Temple, and the "Monument to the Qing Repair Bridge", the "Monument to the Reconstruction of the Guanyin Bridge in the Twenty Years of Qing Jiaqing" (hereinafter referred to as the Qing Jiaqing Monument) and the "Monument to the Rebuilding of the Guanyin Bridge in the First Year of the Qing Xuan reunification" (hereinafter referred to as the Qing Xuan Tong Monument) record the content of the reconstruction of the Guanyin Bridge.
1. The origin of Guanyin Temple
The inscriptions of the four stone tablets all mention that there is a Guanyin Temple in the north of Guijia village, which is called "Guanyin Temple" in the Qingqianlong Stele and "Guanyin Temple" in the Qingjiaqing Monument. The "Qingxiu Bridge Monument" says: "There is a temple in the north of Zhuangbei, called Guanyin Temple. There is a ditch in front of the temple, which is connected from north to south. It is known that guanyin temple is located in the north of the village, and there is a ditch in front of the temple, which is smooth from north to south. Since the ming longqing period encountered heavy water, it can be speculated that the Guanyin Temple existed before the Ming Muzong Longqing period (1567~1572). "Qingqianlong Monument" Yun: "The ancients were still simple and simple. The Guanyin Temple of Wu Estate is not only the site of The Pass,......。 / From the beginning of Yin Chun, he moved here from his father and brother. When the first smell is self-evident, the people in the people □... /, the finished one or fall off without support. According to the above vague inscription, the Guanyin Temple may have been built during the Chenghua period of Emperor Mingxianzong (1465-1487). The inscription records the beginning and end of the restoration of the Guanyin Temple in the eighth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1743). According to field visits and investigations, during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, in order to defend the twist army, the villagers built a defensive wall around the village, and set up four gates in the east, west, south and north, of which the north gate is the entrance and exit in the direction of the north of the wall. Before 1958, there was indeed a Guanyin Temple in the north of Guijia Village, which was commonly known as the "North Temple" because it was located outside the north gate of the village. The temple sits north to south, in front of the temple there is a north-south river, guanyin bridge is located on it, traffic. Therefore, the existence of Guanyin Temple is roughly from the time of Emperor Mingxianzong Chenghua (1465-1487) to 1958 AD.
2. The origin of Guanyin Bridge and its repairs
The "Monument to the Qing Xiu Bridge" records the beginning and end of the construction of the Guanyin Bridge. According to the inscription, there is a ditch in front of the Guanyin Temple, which is smooth from north to south, but since the Ming Longqing period encountered heavy water, it has made it impossible for cars and horses to pass. The flood is supported by historical evidence, and the 1992 edition of the Anqiu County Chronicle records: "In 1569 (the third year of Ming Longqing), the water was heavy in July, and the flat land was several feet deep. Nearly half of the county's houses were destroyed, and more than a thousand people died. "In the thirty-sixth year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty (1697), the villagers had planned to build the bridge, but the fee was insufficient and did not make the trip, which shows that the Guanyin Bridge was built thirty-six years after the Kangxi Dynasty. The "Qing JiaQing Monument" clearly records: "There is a stone bridge in my village, in front of the Guanyin Temple, so it is called Guanyin Bridge." Created in the forty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty, it has been in the past. At this point, the time of building the bridge and erecting the monument recorded in the "Monument to the Qing Xiu Bridge" has been clearly defined, that is, in the forty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1702), the villagers spontaneously organized to raise money and complete the construction of the stone bridge. Because it is located in front of the Guanyin Temple, it is called Guanyin Bridge.
Since its completion, the Guanyin Bridge has been repaired twice: the first is the twenty years of Qing Jiaqing (1815), according to the "Qing Jiaqing Monument": "Since the eighteenth year of Jiaqing, heavy rain, the stream flooded, the stone slab collapsed, the beach at the bottom of the bridge collapsed, the neighbor merchants consulted a lot... / Jia Shudong, the prince of My Friend Guangbi was indignantly proposed, and the neighbors □□□□ donated funds and raised funds from all sides. Yi Hai Chun, dove work, not fifty years and finished. "In the autumn of the eighteenth year of Qing Jiaqing (1813), there was a flood and the Guanyin Bridge was destroyed. In the winter of the nineteenth year of Jiaqing (1814), at the initiative of Wang Xu, a villager from the village, the villagers raised donations, presided over the Daoist Xu Benwen and Xiao Ben Zenghua, and began construction and repairs in the spring of Jiaqing in the twentieth year, which was completed in less than fifty days, and the monument was erected in May of the twentieth year of Jiaqing. It is worth noting that the scope of donations for this renovation is very wide, the number of donors is large, and the sources of donations are diversified, in addition to the people in the village and neighboring villages, there are also local and foreign businesses that donate funds to Zhucheng, Weiyi, Pingdu, Juzhou, Rizhao and other places, which has a far-reaching impact. In addition to the strong organization, it also proves that the village of Guijiayan at that time was located at the junction of three counties, and its transportation geographical location was very important. The second repair was in the first year of the Qing Xuan reunification (1909), and it is mentioned in the Qing XuanTong Monument that the repair in the twentieth year of Jiaqing to the first year of Xuan Tong has been "more than 100 years old", according to which it can be seen that between the two records, the Guanyin Bridge did not have major repairs. The reason for the repair in the first year of Xuantong was the collapse of the bottom of the bridge, which was initiated by the squire Lu Xiwen and others, and donated funds by neighbors and merchants. Construction began in the spring of the first year of Xuantong, completed in 50 days, and the monument was erected in April of the first year of Xuantong. In summary, the Guijia Guanyin Bridge was created in the forty-first year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty, and the first repair was carried out in Jiaqing twenty years due to flooding and the destruction of the stone slab; in the first year of Xuantong, the bottom of the bridge collapsed due to disrepair, and the second repair was carried out. In addition, the repair work in the first year of Xuantong also involved the Guanyin Temple next to it, and the inscription mentioned that the wall in front of the temple was repaired by Lu Lanfang. This further confirms the existence of the Guanyin Temple and its relationship with the Guanyin Bridge.
3. Follow-up experience and discovery
According to the investigation, it was learned that the Guijiaguanyin Temple and Guanyin Bridge still existed after 1949, and the Guijiayan Reservoir was built in 1958, and the stone materials of the Guanyin Temple and the Guanyin Bridge were filled into the reservoir to strengthen the dam. In 2014, a stone stele was exposed to the water, and after the masses reflected, the Anqiu City Museum was collected for protection and collection according to law, and the stone carved cultural relics were protected.
Third, the historical connotation and practical significance
The number of Anqiu stone carved cultural relics is rich and widely distributed, of which inscription cultural relics account for a relatively large proportion. Similar to the existing Ming and Qing Dynasty land temples and Guandi temples in some villages in Anqiu, Guanyin Temple is also a physical embodiment of folk worship culture. The word "Guanyin", derived from sanskrit transliteration, is derived from Buddhist culture, and the worship of Guanyin began with the eastern transmission of Buddhism during the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Guanyin faith flourished. In folklore, Guanyin Bodhisattva crossed all sufferings, believed in many things, and had a wide range of influence. According to the county chronicle, as of 1957, there were 67 temples in Anqiu County, with a total of 67 temples. After 1958, the temple was destroyed one after another. The time of the destruction of the Temple of Guanyin coincides with the county chronicle. The appearance of a number of businesses in the guanyin bridge repair donation reflects the location of the location at the hub of traffic at that time.
In traditional villages in history, the village-level organization is weak, and the practical significance of the sacrifice activities centered on the temple god is to use faith as a link to unite geopolitical forces to participate in public affairs in the village. Most of the fees for small infrastructure construction such as temples and bridges in the village originate from spontaneous donations under the initiative of the gentry, which stems from the spiritual beliefs of the people and objectively reflects its practical value as a link. The reproduction of the four stone carved cultural relics provides physical evidence for the study of local village history, which is of great significance.
The "East Asian Cultural Capital" is an important international cultural exchange and cooperation platform, which is of great significance for enhancing the soft power of urban culture, driving the prosperity of urban culture, and promoting the open development of cities. Weifang city was successfully selected as a candidate city for the 2023 "East Asian Cultural Capital", and is the only city in Shandong Province to be selected.
As an important part of Weifang's historical and cultural map, Anqiu City will take this opportunity to further enhance the soft power and dissemination of local traditional culture and continue to expand its popularity and influence in East Asia. Helping to create the cultural capital of East Asia, Anqiu is in action.
Author: Wang Qianqian
Originally published: Canal Wind 2020