introduction
In recent years, the influence of the "cultural relics collection fever" has become more and more large, and with the popularity of many treasure hunting programs, a "collection wind" has been blown up, and there is a momentum of participation of the whole people.
Speaking of which, the ancient scholars and doctors have a long love for cultural relics and antiques. We, a big country with thousands of years of cultural heritage, are well-deserved cultural relics powers.
"Five thousand years up and down, 100,000 miles; the three major religions of Jinglun have entered and exited a hundred schools."
With the improvement of the cultural quality of the whole people, the identity of collectors has also changed. It was originally a "good thing" that only ancient scholars and doctors could have, and now it has become an ordinary hobby that anyone can play a vote.
According to rough estimates, there are no less than 50 million domestic collectors, which is really a staggering figure.
However, professional people do professional things, although there are many enthusiasts, but really immersed in it, "play" out of achievements less than one in a thousand people.
Collecting can not be the same as the clouds, see what to collect in general, you must know how to do something in order to do something.
The "water" of the antique industry is too deep, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between true and false, and practitioners need to accumulate rich experience before they can make progress and improvement.
Xiao Bai, who does not know how to do it, the "half bucket of water" who knows some fur, and even the master of this way have the experience of "hitting the eyes".
For example, the "golden jade clothing fraud case" that caused a sensation in the country a few years ago had a far-reaching impact. After the truth of the case was revealed to the world, the collection industry and related experts and scholars and even the market were greatly impacted.
Here, the author takes five rare cultural relics as an example to get a glimpse of the "deep water" antique industry.
01 No one can copy the drum base
The Hubei Provincial Museum has an important collection called "Jiangu Base". Although it is only a drum base that plays a fixed role, its superb manufacturing process has amazed modern experts.
In 1978, this drum base was excavated from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in Suixian County, and together with it, it reproduced the human side of the drum.
Zeng Hou was the king of this princely state, named B, because of his high status, the funeral ceremonial instrument was published, refreshing the history of the archaeological community.
Speaking of this major discovery in 1978, it is also very accidental.
In February of this year, a military repair office in Wuhan expanded its factory near the drum pier, in order to speed up the construction progress, the construction team opened the mountain to blow up the stone, and the result was to blow up a soil layer that was different from other places, so it was reported to the cultural relics management department to come to investigate, and the result was unexpected, and an ancient tomb that shocked the world was found.
Then again, what is a drum? In short, it is a kind of stick connected to the lower end, with which the stick is fixed to the drum seat, also known as the hanging drum and the foot drum.
The long straight stick was like a long one-legged stick in the eye of the drum holder. As a ceremonial vessel, the drum was used by successive courts and was also widely used by some lamas and monasteries in the north.
2,400 years later, the 80-centimeter-diameter drum, which is covered on both sides, has long since decayed, and the bronze drum holder is still as exquisite as it was when it came out.
It now sits quietly in the museum's glass display cases, leaving visitors to marvel every day.
The entire drumstick is made up of dozens of bronze carved dragons entangled and coiled with each other, and visitors do not pay attention to the instructions and think that it is a separate abstract bronze sculpture.
This drum base has participated in many large-scale exhibitions and is famous at home and abroad.
Everyone knows an open secret - all the national treasures, most of the time are taken to the field to participate in the exhibition are reproductions, treasures are often treasured by museums, and they are not easily displayed in public.
However, in the face of this Warring States drum base, the top expert team repeatedly studied, and can only copy the obvious rough "fake".
So, what are the details of its magic? Let's take a look at how it looks.
If you look closely, there are sixteen large dragons symmetrically wound around the seat, and several small dragons are attached to the head, body, and tail of each dragon.
The dragon is embedded with turquoise and is so exquisitely crafted that it is difficult to appeal to words and language.
According to the staff of the museum, there have been countless tourists who have tried to count how many dragons there are on the seat, but the answers are the same.
One foreign tourist was fascinated by it, and after entering the museum, he looked at the display case all day and was reluctant to leave.
Compared with other important cultural relics of the same kind excavated from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng (Zeng Houyi chimes, deer antler crane, bronze ice book, deer horn standing crane), this drum base is not inferior.
According to experts, the bronze uses the "lost wax casting method" that has been lost.
In fact, many ancient high-precision crafts have long been lost, which is a pity, such as the long-lasting Spring and Autumn Period of the Yue King's sword.
This weapon, which can be called the "first sword in the world" in the Spring and Autumn Period, is the best of bronze weapons, but unfortunately its manufacturing process has long been lost.
02 Crossing the glass of green tea?
The four antiques to be introduced next are all suspected of traveling through a long time and space, and they have modern faces but have ancient interiors.
The first of these four "crossing works" is a transparent cylindrical water cup, which at first glance looks like an ordinary glass of modern craftsmanship, with transparent materials and simple style.
On a summer afternoon, we can use it to brew a cup of green tea and lie on our backs in the cool shade of the trees, sheltering from the sweltering heat and enjoying a moment of coolness.
What people can't believe is that this cup actually comes from the Warring States more than two thousand years ago!
Undoubtedly, this conclusion is confirmed by the appraisal results of many authoritative institutions.
It was the distant Warring States period, and people's imagination of the scene of a certain family's life 2,400 years ago was still maintained on the "stoneware bowls, clay pots, and clay pots".
According to the identification, this water cup is carefully made by a skillful craftsman cutting and polishing a whole piece of high-purity crystal. Its transparency is very high, and it is completely comparable to modern high-quality glass.
In 1990, this crystal cup was in Shitang Village, Mid-Levels, Hangzhou, which shook the archaeological circle for a time. This crystal cup is 15.4cm tall, 7 .8cm caliber, the cup body is light amber, light and textureless, and the shape is simple. It is the largest of the early crystal artifacts unearthed on the mainland to date.
As early as 2002, it was included in the "First Batch of Cultural Relics Catalogue Prohibited from Going Abroad (Border) exhibition" by the Cultural Relics Bureau, which shows its preciousness and can be called a heavy treasure.
Some netizens believe that such a shape of the crystal cup is almost the same as modern technology, perhaps there are crossers across time and space to go to that era, because there is no burning glass, and very much want to have such a transparent water cup, so they find a large piece of crystal to hand over to the craftsman to create.
I have to say that the brain holes of the new generation of netizens are really big, but there is no lack of fun.
03 High precision Sengoku mechanical gears
In the subconscious of ordinary people, the cognition of mechanical parts is often - but hundreds of years of history.
One can't help but wonder: could the ancients, more than two thousand years ago, have such a technology to create such a seamless modern industrial landmark?
After being puzzled, some netizens speculated that this set of Warring States gears was "suspected to be a masterpiece of the crosser". Such speculation is very marketable, and many people are involved in the hot discussion.
However, scientific analysis ultimately overturned this speculation – it was a genuine, untruthful and ancient object.
The wisdom of the ancients is really not to be underestimated, in that ancient era, such a precise parts could be manufactured.
From small to large, with such high-tech components, what kind of large machines could people in that era build?
04 The "ridiculous monument" that is not worth it in the world
The word "nonsense" is often hung up by people today, which means idleness and nonsense.
It is hard to believe that the term was inscribed on a stone tablet by a Ming Dynasty person after a certain funeral more than 370 years ago.
This stele is widely known by netizens in Qi County, Henan Province, because of the highlight of "nonsense", and soon became a "rare" attraction.
This stone stele was originally located in the local Beiguan Octagonal Tower West Ancestral Master Temple, there is no name of the tomb owner on it, there is no time to erect the monument, and the inscription hides the head and tail, confusing.
In April 1984, the stele was moved to the Minatodai Park.
Many tourists rushed to the point of view that was suspected of "crossing the last words of the guest", and in addition to the word "nonsense", there was also a sentence "never to come again".
Presumably, the owner of the tomb probably did not "live this life well", and in addition to great remorse, there was also a clear sense of disgust.
Netizens' understanding of "nonsense" and "never come again" is very different.
From the surface, it can be understood that the tomb owner is not very satisfied with his life, and there are many regrets at the end of his life.
But if you think from the perspective of the crosser, "nonsense" is a dislike of that backward old society, and presumably "he" is incompatible with it.
The "zhi" and "inscription" of the epitaph can actually be divided into two parts, of which "zhi" is used to describe the life of the deceased, and "inscription" mostly uses rhymes to evaluate his life.
Some epitaphs were prepared by myself before I was born, while others were written by later generations.
It can be seen from the words "nonsense" and "no more coming", which is the "last words" prepared by the tomb owner himself. Because of the word "nonsense", this stone stele is called "ridiculous stele".
According to experts, this stone stele is indeed an old stone stele from the end of the Ming Dynasty.
So, why did the owner of the tomb instruct his descendants to engrave such an epitaph on the stele? Is the word "nonsense" ancient?
According to the research of linguists, "nonsense" first appeared in the Song Dynasty.
In some novels and essays of the Ming Dynasty, the word "nonsense" can often be seen, but at that time, the original meaning of "nonsense" was: to dilute something more concentrated.
Language always evolved with the times, and was gradually derived from the meaning of idleness and nonsense.
The entire stone stele has a total of 111 inscriptions, except for the very modern ones: nonsense, no more coming, most of which are expressed in words and phrases.
In addition, what also makes people wonder and infinite reverie is that the stone stele is also engraved with "Tai Ji Xian Weng bone removal place".
The general meaning of the full text of the inscription is: I was originally a "Mizuki clan" in Beijing, who visited the local Dao and cultivated the truth in the late Ming Dynasty, and my deeds have been recorded in detail, so I will not say anything more.
For years, the identity of the tomb owner has been in doubt, and experts are not unanimous. There is no doubt that the owner of the tomb is a Ming Dynasty person, and there are two theories about his true identity.
It is said that the owner of the tomb, whose surname is Mu Huaigu, was originally an official of the Ming Dynasty, and was later imprisoned for his crimes, and his family secretly found someone to replace him and help him escape from Beijing in order to rescue him. Since then, Mu Huaigu has been living in seclusion in yunmeng Mountain.
Another theory is that the owner of the tomb is the Chongzhen Emperor.
This legend is very detailed, saying that after the king entered the capital, the Chongzhen Emperor did not hang himself, but took advantage of the chaos to escape, and the person who hanged himself was named Mu Huaigu.
The Chongzhen Emperor then lived in seclusion and spent the rest of his life under mu Huaigu's name.
And the sentence on the stele, "Do not live up to the three lights, do not live up to the people, do not deceive the ghosts and gods, do not deceive the poor", which means that it has not lived up to the trust of God, has not failed the people, and has no shame.
Of course, these two statements are only folk rumors and cannot be taken seriously.
And because the identity of the tomb owner is inconclusive, there are many versions of such legends, but it has attracted many guests to visit and generate income for the local people, which is not a good thing.
05 Bronze vernier caliper
This bronze caliper has long been known to many people because it is related to a famous suspected "crosser" Wang Mang.
Who is Wang Mang? He is known as the terminator of the late Han Dynasty.
At the age of 54, Wang Mang completed the transformation from minister to emperor. It was a little awkward at this age, and in the forty ancient times when he could call himself old and decaying, he knew that time was running out.
In order to see the achievements of his decrees in his lifetime, he was a little anxious, and in 15 years, he wanted to complete 150 years of his career.
Therefore, some of his reform measures inevitably deviated from the social reality at that time, and failure became an inevitable end.
After he was killed by a businessman, his head was cut off, and his body was cut into a pile of broken flesh by dozens of sergeants, and the end was very miserable.
Later, his tongue was cut off and his head painted and preserved for 270 years until it was destroyed in an accidental fire.
Although Wang Mang's reforms failed and died, it is undeniable that some of his measures are very modern democratic.
In this regard, some modern scholars have a high evaluation of Wang Mang, so much so that some people speculate that he has traveled through the past present
Generations.
Some netizens joked that if it were not for liu Xiu, the "son of the face", Wang Mang should pass on the throne and ideas. Without Liu Xiu, if Wang Mang continues to rule, will the history of future generations be rewritten?
From this point of view, this bronze caliper from Wang Mang's era inevitably attracts people's imagination.
Therefore, the vernier caliper should not have been invented by Europeans and Americans at the earliest, but the masterpiece of our ancestors.
epilogue
History always leaves many strange mysteries waiting for future generations to solve, which is also its charm. As a physical example of historical legacy, antique cultural relics will always be loved by people.
Readers in the occasional leisure time, read more books in this area, more contact and speculation on these old objects - to learn from the past, self-cultivation, is not a graceful thing, interesting, beneficial thing.