Nowadays, everyone knows the importance of HPV vaccination, Zhimei wrote so many sciences about HPV, and found that everyone's current troubles are mainly in the following aspects:
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Today, Zhimei will talk about whether there are "side effects" of the HPV vaccine in the end, and how to deal with the discomfort after receiving the HPV vaccine.
It is recommended that every female friend who is preparing to be vaccinated should know about it.
It has to be said that any vaccine has "side effects", but it is called adverse reactions in medicine.
Just like any drug label written on it, due to individual differences, some people may have some bad reactions after using the drug.
The same goes for vaccines, which is normal.
Adverse reactions after HPV vaccination are generally divided into topical and systemic [1].
1. Local adverse reactions
Mainly red rash, swelling, pain, itching, induration, bleeding, hematoma or photosensitivity reaction at the vaccination site.
2. Systemic adverse reactions
Fever, headache, fatigue, cough, muscle pain, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, vomiting, etc. may occur. Occasionally, hypersensitivity reactions, allergic dermatitis, rashes, vertigo, pruritus, etc. may occur.
3. Serious adverse events
Thrombosis, seizures, Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multiple encephalomyelitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and death [2].
While it sounds a bit intimidating, more than 270 million doses of HPV vaccine have been distributed worldwide since the vaccine was licensed in 2006[3].
Over the years, many agencies, including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), have closely regulated the use of HPV vaccines and reviewed the serious adverse effects described above.
After reviewing a large body of research data, the WHO Committee on Global Information on Vaccine Safety made it clear in a statement issued in 2017:
There is no evidence of any link between HPV vaccination and these serious adverse events, which are more like accidental coincidences [3].
The CDC also said that there is no evidence that the HPV vaccine causes fertility problems [4].
This is normal, but not very common.
The occurrence and extent of adverse reactions varies from person to person and is not always present.
Some girls do not have adverse reactions when they receive the first dose, but they may also have adverse reactions during the second and third doses.
We take the instructions for the nine-valent vaccine [1] as an example, and divide it according to the frequency of adverse reactions from high to low:
Very common (≥10%): headache, pain, swelling, erythema, etc
Common (1%-10%, including 1%): fever, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea, itching, bruising, etc
Occasional (0.1%-1%, including 0.1%): lymphadenopathy, dizziness, abdominal pain, vomiting, syncope, hematoma, induration, chills, gastroenteritis, influenza, limb pain, dysmenorrhea, urticaria, allergies, lumps, etc
Rare (0.01%-0.1% inclusive): Unlabeled
Very rare (0.01% <): unlabeled
From the above, we know that the occurrence of adverse reactions is actually a matter of probability, so there is no need to worry too much.
It doesn't necessarily appear on you, but even if it does, here's how to tell you what to do.
In order to facilitate everyone's viewing, the following content will be sorted in order from very common to less common, so that the sisters can collect:
1. Pain at the injection site
This is the most common and is due to normal reactions caused by intramuscular injections, generally mild and tolerable.
If there is pain outside the injection site, such as limb pain, muscle pain, skin pain, joint pain, migraine, etc., you should give feedback to the vaccination unit in time and seek medical advice.
2. Fever
If the axillary temperature does not exceed 38.5 ° C, no special treatment is required; above 38.5 ° C, antipyretic drugs can be taken and drink more water.
If the fever persists, be sure to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
3. Nausea, vomiting
May occur alone or with flu-like symptoms such as fever, dizziness, chills, and fatigue.
Proper rest and a light diet are recommended.
4. Allergic reactions
Vaccinators with a history of allergies to other vaccines should inform the medical staff before vaccination, and it is recommended to extend the observation time.
In the event of severe allergic reactions, such as systemic urticaria, angioedema, wheezing, and dyspnea, you should seek medical attention in a timely manner [5].
And no more same vaccines are given thereafter.
5. Syncope
The probability of syncope after vaccination with vaccines , including but not limited to HPV vaccine , is approximately 0.2 percent [1] and may result in injuries to falls.
Therefore, it is generally recommended to observe in your seat for 30 minutes after vaccination to avoid injury caused by syncope.
According to WHO research, syncope may be a reaction to anxiety or stress in vaccinated people [3], so don't be too nervous when vaccinating.
6. Menstrual disorders
There is no evidence that menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, etc. are directly related to vaccination, so don't rely on HPV vaccine anymore.
If menstrual disorders occur after vaccination, you can observe yourself for 1-2 cycles or go directly to the gynecological department.
To sum up, after hpv vaccination, most people have mild to moderate adverse reactions, and can alleviate themselves in the short term, without fear of adverse reactions and choose not to vaccinate against HPV.
After vaccination, it is recommended to rest more and avoid exertion.
If adverse reactions do occur, they can be observed for 1-2 days.
If the adverse reactions gradually worsen, it is necessary to seek advice from the vaccination unit in time or go directly to the hospital.
Reviewer
Liu Haiphong | Deputy Chief Physician of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
Deng Sheng | Chief Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
bibliography
[1] Product Information: GARDASIL(R) 9 intramuscular injection, human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine, recombinant intramuscular injection. Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (per FDA), Whitehouse Station, NJ, 2015.
[2] HPV vaccine safety,www.nhs.uk
[3] Safety update of HPV vaccines.www.who.int
[4] Preventing and Managing Adverse Reactions，www.cdc.gov
[5] Administering HPV Vaccine.www.cdc.gov
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