Spring has arrived, and the earth outside the window has awakened and the sun is shining. The earliest green landscape painting in China was the Sui Dynasty Zhan Ziqian's "You Chun Tu", which also laid the development path of traditional green landscape painting. Although there is still a controversy in history about whether this work was written by Zhan Ziqian. However, the yixing of the literati you chun shown through the picture penetrates the back of the paper, showing the poetic spring mood.
The painting depicts the scene of the scholars going out on a spring trip and competing to admire the flowers, with green mountains and waters, sparkling water, lush trees, different forms of characters, and Buddhist temples hidden in the depths of the picture for embellishment. The painter uses the brush accurately, delicately and powerfully, although he does not use the method, but empty hooks the mountain, but in terms of lines, he can grasp the priority and the rhythm of gentle setbacks. Before this, paintings often used the flat direct narrative technique, but on this spring painting scroll, it swept away the past habits, depicting the scenery from direct to tortuous, arranging objects in an orderly, vivid and interesting manner, and the grass and trees in the picture seemed to have spirituality, as if they saw the truth, a literati spring scene of "flowers fading and red apricots, swallows flying, green water people around".
《Spring Xing Map of Mountain Trail》
In the Song Dynasty, Ma Yuan painted "Spring Xing Map of Mountain Paths", now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, depicting Gao Shi going out on a spring trip, just like the spring scene of the Song Dynasty scholar Cheng Yi's "clouds are light and the wind is light and the afternoon sky is light, and the flowers follow the willows through the qianchuan". The sleeves of the coats that step on the green touch the blooming wildflowers, the wildflowers flutter lightly, disturbing the birds singing, the willow branches flutter with the wind, the pace of the coats and the boy is also forward, the grid is so consistent, so that the viewer can't help but have the reverie of the infinite beautiful scenery in the front, which is also the highest realm of Song painting "seeing the truth in the ordinary".
《Plumstone Creek Map》
The whole picture is written with work, the composition is simple and ingenious, and the stone wall drawn uses the expression technique between virtual reality, so that the picture within reach has a sense of expanse, full of spring and vitality.
Hui Chong's "Spring Dawn Map of Xishan Mountain", now in the Palace Museum in Beijing, the layout of the painting takes the trend of pingyuan, but the mountains are lofty, the clouds are steaming, and it also shows a deep and mysterious realm, and the rivers, lakes and clouds that linger in the mountains are integrated, and their realm is ethereal and distant. The painting is light in color and eye-catching, which enhances the bright atmosphere of the picture's spring melting.
《Spring Dawn of Xishan Mountain》
The ancients left the spring they saw in the verses, and they also left the spring they saw in the picture. Although it has been a hundred or thousands of years, when we see these pictures, we feel as if we have entered the spring of ancient times.
Ming Dynasty painter Dai Jin's "Spring Tour and Late Return" is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. In the foreground of the picture is a manor house hidden in the woods, a scribe comes to the door of the courtyard and is knocking on the door, there are servants in the courtyard carrying lanterns to open the door, night has fallen, pointing out the theme of late return, showing that the owner of the spring tour must have caused the poetry of late return because he was intoxicated with the beautiful spring scenery. Behind the owner, there was someone carrying luggage and was about to cross the small bridge. The middle scene is a body of water, on the field path farmers carrying hoes home, and in the distance there are several farmhouses, peasant women feeding poultry, and the figures, although small, show the painter's careful depiction of details.
《Spring Tour Late Return Map》
The distant view is a large mountain, and the mountain range and the farthest sky together account for about half of the picture, but the foot of the mountain is haunted by clouds, which seems to be mysterious, so it is also separated from the close view. The clouds and mist between the mountains are swirling, and there are brilliant mountain flowers blooming in between; the pavilions and pavilions that appear from time to time stand on the top of the mountain; the green pine and cypress trees at the top of the mountain are proud; peach blossoms and apricot blossoms can be seen everywhere, making the mountains more colorful. The whole picture is quiet and peaceful, indirectly showing a scene of peace and prosperity. If you stand in front of this painting, you can feel a strong sense of spring in the picture.
Spring in the Imperial System: Green poplar smoke hangs in the wind
There is a piece of cardboard hanging in the Yangxin Hall of the Forbidden City, on which are written the four characters of "Guancheng Chunman", and there are nine large characters under it, a total of three lines, each line of three characters, written in double-hooked font "Weeping willows cherish the spring wind before the court". This is a kind of play specially made by the people in the palace after the winter season enters the ninth, and the spring has quietly begun from this time.
The name of this object is called "Nine Nine Cold Elimination Map", the so-called figure, just nine big characters, each word nine strokes, a total of eighty-one strokes, from the first day after the winter solstice is counted as the name of "into nine", every nine days counted as a nine, nine nine for a total of eighty-one days, then it will be counted as "nine", and the "three volts" in the summer echo. The method of cooling off, after entering the ninth day, every day passes, it is painted on the map. Time passes, pen and ink are fragrant, wait until the nine characters and eighty-one strokes are all filled, the eighty-one days are quietly spent, and the spring returns to the earth. The reason why the title is "Guancheng Spring Full", "Guancheng", the pen also, the pen to the end, the spring color is full of garden.
"Nine Nine Cold Map"
If the cold map is a spring prelude, then the year map is a symphony of pleasant spring. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the theme of offerings to the Qing Dynasty was extremely popular, and the pattern was basically a bottle for flowers and scattered fresh vegetables and fruits to match each other, and the part-time work belt was written, and the people gathered the strengths of the family, and expressed the interest of spring with sparse and simple pen and ink.
《Imperial Cultivation and Weaving Map》
A set of "Imperial Cultivation and Weaving Maps" was drawn during the Kangxi Dynasty, when a Jiangnan shiren entered the Southern Song Dynasty's "Cultivation and Weaving Diagram Poems", and the Kangxi Emperor ordered the inner court to enshrine Jiao Bingzhen to redraw it. Kangxi personally inscribed the preface and made a chapter of poetry for each painting, and by the Qing Dynasty, the emperor's personal cultivation had become a ritual, usually held on an auspicious day in March.
In order to celebrate the spring, the Qing Palace will also specially customize various utensils to shade Shaohua, such as every Flower God Festival, the palace will burn the Twelve Flower God Cups, sustenance of spring thoughts, and more metaphorically the beauty of the four seasons.
Every spring, Lin Hong, a literati and gourmet of the Southern Song Dynasty, liked to eat bamboo shoots. He would go to the bamboo forest in the suburbs, personally pick young shoots and tender ferns, blanch them in boiling water; then take fresh fish and shrimp into pieces, cook them together in boiling water, add cooked oil, soy sauce, salt, mix well with pepper, wrap them up and down with the skin, and steam them one by one on a small plate with opposite buckles. The Southern Song Dynasty court kitchen also often made this dish, called "shrimp fish shoot fern pocket". Bamboo shoots and ferns come from the mountains and forests, fish and shrimp come from the rivers and seas, and they have different lives, but they work together on the cutting board and dishes to contribute a wonderful taste, which is a good encounter. At present, Lin Hong's friend and poet Xu Tang also wrote poems and sang for him: "Take advantage of the spring of the bamboo shoots in the mountain family, borrow the kitchen to cook self-ignition salary." Qian who shared my cup of soup and sent it to the Chinese And north Korean meat eaters. ”
《Bamboo shoot-shaped pottery water bowl》
The Nanjing Museum has a purple sand shoot-shaped pottery bowl made by Chen Mingyuan in the Qing Dynasty, allowing people to peek into the spring style from the elegance of famous objects. This is a well-known vessel, the tire quality is delicate, earthy yellow. Shaped like a horizontal bamboo shoot, the shape is plump, and the six bamboo shoot shells are tightly stacked. Today, there are seven bamboo shoot-shaped water bowls of Chen Mingyuan's model, which is more elegant and exquisite in comparison.
In the spring of the ninth year of Yonghe (353) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty calligrapher Wang Xizhi invited a number of famous scholars to Lanting on the outskirts of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Played with the meandering water. Later, there was the world-famous "Orchid Pavilion Collection", which was revered as the first line of books in the world. The spring jiangnan may still have a little chill, but the calligraphy is full of the surge of the tide of life.
Model of the Orchid Pavilion Collection
There is a piece of Jin Dynasty white jade carved spring water jade, which is now in the Palace Museum. The term chunshui appeared in the late Liao Dynasty, and every spring, the northern fishing and hunting peoples set off from Liaoshangjing, and after reaching the riverbank, they first set up tents on the ice and chiseled ice hook fish. If the head fish is hooked, that is, a banquet is placed in the big tent, the emperor orders the Jurchen chiefs who come to congratulate him to sing and dance in turn, and the upper life will help. When the ice and snow melt and the swans fly back, the eagle hunts geese and hunts geese, returns in the morning and returns to the night, and engages in hunting. This was the way the Khitan people of the Liao Dynasty lived and entertained, and it was also an important social system for them.
"White jade carved pine deer pattern belt ornament"
Chunshui jade mostly uses the form of through carving to show the intense scene of Hai Dongqing catching swans, mostly using nearly triangular seed material, with a larger plane as the bottom, using circular carving techniques, and depicting feathers and eye lines with bas-reliefs and yin carved lines, and the lines have differences in thickness, density, depth, so that the jade performance is more vivid, vivid and concrete. The whole is still and moving, and the form and spirit are both, reflecting the rich atmosphere of life and natural interest.