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Was ancient times colder than it is now? Yes, climatologists can tell you very clearly that ancient times were much colder than they are now, and one cold period was the cold period of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The "Year of the Bamboo Secretary" records that "in winter, heavy rain and hail, cattle and horses die, and the rivers and Han are frozen."
The second cold period was the cold period of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, and Emperor Wen records that "in the winter of October, xingxing guangling ancient city, Linjiang guanbing, more than 100,000 soldiers, and hundreds of miles of flags." It is a cold year, the waterway is ice, and the boat is not allowed to enter the river, but it is to be returned."
The third cold period was the cold period of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The "History of the Five Elements of Song" records that "in February of the fourth year of Chunhua, there was heavy snow in Shangzhou, and Minduo froze to death."
The fourth cold period was the cold period of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
The Qing Dynasty poet Wang Fan once recorded the situation of the Qiantang River when it was frozen in poetry: "The earth is tepid, and it is heavy and suspicious of water. I once smelled the tide of Qiantang, and the freezing was flat as a stone. Smell the Huai seashore again, and look forward to the solid ice shoes."
What are the ancient ways to keep warm?
The cold wind destroyed the trees, the frost knotted the orchid, and the ancient people would not let themselves freeze in ancient times without air conditioning, heating, and electric blankets.
01
Keep your head warm: hood, wipe your forehead, and prepare your feet
From the five generations to the Song Dynasty, in the winter, men would wear hoods. Similar to today's pilot's leather hat, the hat was sewn from black cloth or black satin, the top of the hat could cover the forehead, and there were two pieces hanging down on the left and right, which could be tied to the chin by a strap. Wearing this kind of hat can not only protect against cold, but also protect against wind and sand, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.
For women, it is possible to keep warm by wearing a wipe. In many harem-themed TV series, we can see the forehead worn by the women in the palace on their heads. In fact, the main role of the forehead is not to resist the cold, but to decorate. However, in the winter, the temperature in the north is very low, and people will use some thick materials to make a smear and tie it to their heads in order to keep warm, so as to reduce the possibility of their heads being affected by wind and cold.
Ancient tiger head hood
Smears in the TV series
02
Cold on the body: cloak, robe tightly wrapped
Archaeologists have found that by the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the mainland began to grow cotton on a large scale. Before this, some rich and noble families would use animal fur to make cloaks, robes and other clothes, which could greatly improve the cold protection effect. Like the inside of the robe, a natural silk is usually added: silk. This material is a kind of silk wool, and the cold protection effect is very good. But for poor people, they can only use some plant fiber materials such as willow wool and reed flowers. It is conceivable that the cold-resistant effect of plant fibers is far inferior to that of animal fur.
The cape in the TV series
Robe
03
Keep warm on your hands: hand stoves, gloves are brought
If you don't wear enough, you can also rely on your hands to keep warm. In ancient times, in the winter, almost everyone had a small hand stove. Since the ancients liked to wear clothes with wide sleeves, the hand stove could be well placed in the clothes or held in the hand. Therefore, the hand stove also has the elegant name of holding the stove.
In addition to hand stoves, the ancients also fashionably wore gloves. Among the excavated cultural relics of Mawangdui, the finger-revealing gloves used by the Han Dynasty were found, which was convenient for reading the classics.
Ancient hand stoves
The hand stove in the TV series "The Legend of Zhen Huan"
Ancient gloves
04
Warm houses: braziers, walls of fire, pepper rooms are warm enough
Renovate the house, the ancients also gave full play to their own wisdom, transform the house, make the house more warm. For example, in winter, people will use animal skins or grass to cover the windows and resist the intrusion of cold winds. Then people will also build a brazier indoors to raise the temperature indoors. According to historical records, as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people learned to use some utensils to burn charcoal for heating. In the Qin Dynasty, there would be a design like a "fireplace" in the imperial palace.
Not only that, archaeologists have also found a wall of fire in the ruins of Qinxingle Palace. This kind of fire wall is fastened with two cylinder tiles, made into a pipe and placed inside the wall, the outside is connected to the stove, and once the stove is on fire, the wall will also heat up. It can be said that these designs are the prototypes of modern fire pits and fireplaces.
In the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, there was a special greenhouse hall, heating equipment is readily available, and the pepper is mashed and applied to the wall, which not only keeps warm, but also means that there are many children and many grandchildren, so the house will also be called the pepper room.
The stove in the TV series
Ancient walls of fire
Restoration of the Western Han Dynasty Pepper Room Hall
Spiritual Cold Repellent Method: Nine Nine Cold Elimination Diagram
Painting the "Nine-Nine Cold Map" from the day of the winter solstice is one of the "small games" that are very popular among the ancients, which can pass the time and alleviate the psychological crisis that occurs under the threat of winter. There are three kinds of "Nine-Nine Cold Removal Map": text version, circle version and painting version.
Daoguang Emperor's handwriting "Nine Nine Cold Elimination Diagram"
In traditional Chinese culture, nine is the pole number, which is the largest, most, and longest-lasting concept. Nine nines is eighty-one, which is the "largest but". The ancients believed that after the 9981st day of the winter solstice, spring must have arrived.
Did the ancients wear autumn pants in winter?
In modern cold protection and warmth, Mid-Autumn Pants are an indispensable warm artifact, but in ancient Chinese costumes, there is actually no concept of autumn pants. The closest piece is nothing more than a layer of underwear on the outside of the blasphemous (ancient underwear). However, most of these tunics are made of fine linen, which has no warm effect.
Ancient blasphemy
Midi
In fact, the prototype of autumn pants was originally men's breeches, which appeared very early in Europe. As early as the 15th century, King Henry VIII of England loved to wear this kind of men's breeches, and this tight and elastic pants became the prototype of autumn pants and modern leggings.
Early Western "autumn pants"
If you are curious about how the ancient Chinese winter kept warm, in fact, they would wear multiple layers of coats, a layer of cotton jackets, a layer of jackets, a layer of gray rat gowns, and a layer of snow coats when going out.
Stills from the TV series "Dream of the Red Chamber"
In simple terms, everyone is wrapped in several layers of quilts when going out, and warmth is mainly thick.
In addition to wearing and living, it is also commonly used to drink hot soup and hot wine for warmth, but the condition is that you can afford to eat and drink. "Green ant new wine, red clay small stove." Late to the day want snow, can you drink a cup of nothing? This is Bai Juyi's drinking and heating poem, but Bai Juyi is a civil servant in the imperial court, he can afford to drink wine, ordinary people, food is not enough, whether he can drink wine, is a big problem.
Drink alcohol in ancient times for warmth
Resisting the cold has always been an important issue for human beings, and various means of cold protection are widely used in higher latitudes around the world. Ancient China's cold protection methods are varied and endless, and they are the crystallization of the sweat and wisdom of the skilled craftsmen and working people of the past. Through the study of the ancient method of cold protection, modern people can also get great inspiration and help
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