Shanxi is located in the cradle of the Chinese nation - the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
During the Western Zhou and Spring and Autumn periods, most of Shanxi was in the territory of the Jin State; in the early Warring States period, the three families of Han, Zhao, and Wei were divided into Jin, and the history was called "Three Jin".
The large number of excavated cultural relics shows that as early as more than 2 million years ago, our ancestors multiplied and lived on this fertile land that was later called "Jin" or "Three Jin".
There are written records that the ancestor of China, The Second Emperor of Yan Huang, the ancestor of the first to raise silkworm reeling silk, cangjie who pioneered the cultivation of literary education, Gao Tao, who ruled the country by punishment, Boyi who dug wells to draw water, and Hou Ji who taught the people to harvest silk, or was born in Si, or built in Si.
The three holy emperors most admired by Yan Huang's descendants, Junyao, Shun, and Yu, all created emperors here and built Fenggong, known historically as the Yao capital Pingyang (present-day Linfen), the Shundu Pusaka (present-day Yongji), and the Yudu Anyi (present-day Xia County), all of which were in Shanxi.
Tracing back to the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, the Xia, the Shang, and the Zhou, and through the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties, for thousands of years, the Three Jins have been an important area for the political, economic, military, and cultural activities of the Chinese nation.
Shanxi's surface rivers and mountains, the spirit of the earth. In the long years and long river of history, the land of the Three Jins has nurtured countless outstanding sons and daughters, and many outstanding figures have emerged.
The great deeds they created, the miraculous deeds they built, and the ideological and cultural contributions they made not only promoted the development of society at that time, but also merged into the great stream of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation and nourished the descendants of the Chinese nation from generation to generation.
Their noble and upright moral sentiments, their awe-inspiring national integrity, their patriotic feelings of loving the people before they are worried about the world and enjoying the world after the world, and their spirit of striving to be strong and inspiring are all enough to cheer up the world for example, and to encourage the people's hearts and minds for a long time.
The many excellent traditional cultures left by our ancestors are an immeasurable and huge wealth, inspiring us to make contributions to the motherland and constantly create a more brilliant Chinese civilization.
Welcome to Shanxi to take a walk, visit the rich historical and cultural sites, and taste the simplicity, kindness and profound cultural heritage of the people of the Three Jins.
From today onwards, with the authorization of the author, Mr. Chen Jingqiang,
It will be exclusively serialized by the public platform of "Humanistic Shanxi"
"Three Jin 100 Celebrity Figures" graphic content,
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These include
110 historical celebrities from antiquity to the Three Jin Dynasties in 1840,
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Painted with fresh and exquisite white drawing images,
It can be described as both graphic and textual, timeless and exhilarating.
Ancient times - Changzu
Founder of Chinese silk civilization.
It is said that she was a native of Xia County, Shanxi Province, and was the concubine of the Yellow Emperor.
Silkworm cocoon weaving silk, cut shirts and skirts beautiful and gentle.
Chinese civilization has been spread to five continents of the world for 5,000 years.
The "History of the Five Emperors" says: "The Yellow Emperor lived in xuanyuan hill, and married the daughter of Xiling, for the sake of the ancestors. Concubine of the Yellow Emperor". The ancestors "began to teach the people to breed silkworms, to cure the silk cocoon for clothing, and to worship the silkworms in later generations."
It is said that 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, in the land of Xiyin (northwest of Xia County, present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi Province), the climate was mild, the rainfall was abundant, and lush mulberry forests were everywhere, and the ancestors were born here. "Before the Yellow Emperor, there were no clothing houses." At that time, people did not have clothes, leaves in summer, and animal skins in winter.
Changzu was a beautiful, kind and thoughtful woman, and she thought that people should be clothed and beautiful, so she cut the weed twisting line, but it broke as soon as it was twisted; and she used bark again, and also failed. One day, she passed by the mulberry forest and saw that the mulberry leaves were crawling with silkworms, and the silkworms could spit silk into a cocoon, and if the cocoon was spread, it could sew clothes and make quilts. So she took the wild silkworm back to her home and raised it, feeding mulberry leaves, tulip leaves, and castor leaves, which became different silkworm species in the future.
Changzu harvested many cocoons, she boiled the cocoons, put them on wooden sticks, and tore them into threads, which posterity called "silk". Changzu wanted to weave silk into a veil, but he always couldn't weave it, and he was very worried, and later inspired by the spider's web, there were warp and weft, and it was woven. Later generations called this fabric "silk". Began to use his hands to pull the silk weaving, slow and laborious, Changzu saw the barracuda in the river two pointed, swimming very fast, imitation of barracuda to make a lead tool, posterity will call it "shuttle".
It is also said that the Yellow Emperor defeated Xuan You, rejoiced in his heart, rejoiced and celebrated, and suddenly a fairy flew from the air, calling herself the "Silkworm God", holding two silk threads in his hand, one yellow and one white, and offering them to the Yellow Emperor, congratulating him on eliminating harm for the people and making meritorious achievements. After the feast, the Yellow Emperor pondered: If there is a silkworm girl who teaches the people to raise silkworms, draw silk and weave veils, and sew clothes and quilts, it would be good. So he sent a group of ministers and hundreds of officials to search around, and sure enough, in the place called Xiyin in the northern foothills of the Zhongtiao Mountains, he found Changzu, and the Yellow Emperor saw that Changzu was industrious and kind, and his soul was skillful, so he made the two silks given by the silkworm god as a dowry and married Concubine Zu as a concubine.
The above is the legend that the ancestors of the silkworm reeling were regarded as the ancestors of the silkworm reeling, but the cultural relics of the silkworm weaving were indeed unearthed in Xiyin. In 1926, Li Ji, a doctor of anthropology at the Institute of Traditional Chinese Studies of Tsinghua University, led an archaeological team to excavate the earliest spindle and half of the fossil cocoon with knife marks (now in the National Palace Museum in Taiwan, see above) at the Xiyin Ancient Culture Site, which was scientifically identified as a relic of the Neolithic Yangshao culture.
This strongly shows that the silkworm breeding silk on the mainland has existed since the primitive social period of more than 5,000 years ago, and the earliest silk reeling textile tools have been created. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the silk produced in the Xiyin area was already famous, and through the Silk Road, it spread to Central Asia and Europe.
Silk facilitated trade between the East and the West and the exchange of culture and technology, with a wide and far-reaching influence, with the ancient Greeks and Romans even calling China "SERES" (meaning silk country).
Silkworm farming, silk reeling and textile techniques on the mainland spread to Vietnam about 2,000 years ago, to Korea and Japan before 1800 years ago, to Central Asia more than 1600 years ago, and then to Europe.
Engels pointed out in the Dialectics of Nature: "Silkworms were imported from China to Greece around 550 AD, while sericulture was introduced to Italy around 1100. ”
Silkworm reeling and weaving has become one of the earliest well-known human civilizations in the World by the Chinese nation.
Changzu was enshrined as the "Silkworm Maiden" and was revered by the people for thousands of years. Since ancient times, the "Silkworm Niangniang Temple" has been built in the south of Xiyin Village, which was later destroyed by the Japanese-Kosovar war; in 1991, the people of Xia County raised funds to rebuild and re-molded the ancestral statues for the descendants of Yanhuang from all over the motherland and overseas.
About the author of "Three Jin 100 Celebrity Figures"
Chen Jingqiang [Editor]
Born in September 1932, he graduated from the Department of Chinese of Peking University in 1958, was assigned to the Department of Education of Shanxi Province, and later transferred to the Shanxi Provincial Democratic League until retirement.
Elder Chen, who is 90 years old this year, has always followed the teachings of the gentlemen of "Peking University" who have taught and solved the puzzles of his preaching, that is, reading, thinking, writing, and dedication.
Chen Lao has compiled and published "One Hundred Celebrities of the Three Jin Dynasties" (one poem and one character line diagram per person), "Thirty-three Historical Celebrities of Gupuzhou", "A Collection of Hundred Flowers and Poems and Paper Cuts" (one flower and one poem and one paper cut, mr. Chen Junyu, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, mainland flower scholar, and lin Dabo supervisor, revised the manuscript and inscription), "One Hundred Character Praises of the Beijing Olympic Games" (one poem and one article per person, one character image cut paper, 107 people selected in the whole book, from 59 countries, Chinese and English comparison), "Shanxi Folk Hundred Chicken Paper Cuts" (Cut paper by 60 paper-cutting artists in Shanxi, with different styles), "The Song of Heavenly Sounds" (1800 prose poems and aphorisms, upper and lower volumes), "Cross-century Fables" (140 pieces), "Don't Forget the National Difficulties, Alarm Bells Ring" and so on.
Yang Wei 【Painting】
Born in 1971, he published a number of comic strip works, and held a solo exhibition in Beijing in 1992. The characters of the Chinese paintings he painted are clear and clear, and they are full of poetry. His deeds have been reported by CCTV, Hong Kong Phoenix TV and many other media, and he is now a professional painter.