In the Northern Song Dynasty, famous artists came out one after another, and famous works were numerous. If you want to win a place in the Northern Song Dynasty, it is obviously impossible to have a few famous songs that are famous in the world of words and sing through the ages. Therefore, the masterpiece has become a hard-core indicator to consider whether the lyricist belongs to the famous artist.
The lyricist Zhang Xian is one of them, and Zhang Xian's fame is not only because of his high lifespan, but also because of his lyrics. Zhang Xian, because he likes to use the word "shadow" in his words, "the cloud breaks the moon to make a shadow", "the wall has sent a swing shadow", "the willow path is unmanned, the fallen wind has no shadow" and other famous sentences are from Zhang Xian's hand, and he also got the elegant name of Zhang Sanying".
Zhang Xian, the character Ziye, did not show his career in his life, and he was officially in the Shang Shu capital, but he was deeply appreciated by Yan Shu for his talent, Zhang Xian was one year older than Yan Shu, and the two had a particularly good friendship.
After retirement, Zhang Xian chose the pleasant scenery of Hangzhou as a place for retirement, and he had friends with Mei Yaochen, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and other people who had worked in Hangzhou.
Among them, Zhang Xian's friendship with Zhang Xian is even more a good story in the world of words, Zhang Xian is forty-six years older than Su Shi, the two belong to the year-old friendship, after Zhang Xian's death, Su Shi is serving as a Taishou in Mizhou, he sincerely said in the "Sacrifice of Zhang Ziye Wen": "My official Yu Hang, the beginning of the embrace, rejoicing and forgetting the year, getting rid of a little harshness." Su Shi said this passage very sincerely, "Embracing the Comet" was a kind of etiquette for students to teachers in ancient times, which shows that Su Shi regarded Zhang Xian as his own teacher.
Su Shi also said that "Ziye's poetry is old and wonderful, and the lyrics are the rest of the skills." During his time in Hangzhou, Su Shi began to try to fill in the word composition, as a beginner, especially in the rhythm of the word composition, the choice of words and sentences, Zhang Xian had many pointers for Su Shi, the two were also teachers and friends, it can be said that Zhang Xian was the guide on the road of Su Shi filling words.
Su Shi said that Zhang Xian is "good at joking and has flavor", the first half of this sentence is easy to understand, that is to say, Zhang Xian is an easy-going, but also very humorous person, but the second half of the sentence, said very connotative, Su Shi is a joke about Zhang Xian's affair. It turns out that Zhang Xian is an amorous lyricist, just imagine, a talented and very charming person, there will inevitably be many sexual encounters around, and naturally there will be many lace scandals.
Zhang Xian once went to the Jade Immortal Temple, on the way met the beautiful woman Xie Meiqing, Xie Meiqing was outstanding, was a famous talented woman at that time, Zhang Xian fell in love with her at first sight, felt this unexpected encounter, Zhang Xian also filled in the experience of this encounter into the words: "Dust and incense, every Xie girl, Chengnan Province." Xiu Yan has applied powder, and she smiles lightly. This song is simply Zhang Xian's emotional diary.
For Zhang Xian's affair, Su Shi's joke is not ambiguous at all. Zhang Xian, who lived idly in Hangzhou after retirement, once married a young woman on a whim, and Zhang Xian was already an old man in his eighties.
After Su Shi heard about this, he casually gave a poem, which was written like this: "Eighteen brides and eighty langs, pale hair and red makeup." Mandarin ducks are lined up in double nights, and a tree of pear blossoms presses begonias. When the clear-eyed people looked at it, they knew that this was Su Shi's ridicule and ridicule of Zhang Xian's marriage.
Then again, jokes are jokes, ridicule is ridicule. Su Shi still had great respect for Zhang Xian, who was also a teacher and friend, which was first manifested in Su Shi's affirmation of Zhang Xian's talent, and in the "Sacrifice of Zhang Ziye Wen", Su Shi commented on Zhang Xian: "Qing poetry is absolutely vulgar, even classic and beautiful. Search for things, scratch the shadows. Subtle words are tactful, and the descendants of gaishi. ”
Secondly, it is manifested in the friendship that Su Shi established with Zhang Xian when he first arrived in Hangzhou. The common form of literati communication is mutual visits and companion banquets, which is especially evident in Su Shi. Su Shi's rich life experience provides more travel opportunities for his life, every time he goes to a place, he often visits old friends nearby or takes the initiative to meet new friends, in addition to traveling alone, he often calls friends to lead companions, travel with landscapes, drink wine together, and give poetry together.
Su Shi, who first came to Hangzhou, was attracted by the scenery in front of him, and he visited many scenic spots and cultural landscapes. Hangzhou's landscape is affectionate, the scenery is lovely, and the beauty of Hangzhou makes Su Shi linger. Sending love to Hangzhou landscape with friends has also become the best choice and leisure method for Su Shi after work.
"The land has lakes and mountains, the first state in the southeast", Song Renzong's inscription, refers to the landscape of Hangzhou and Hangzhou, Hangzhou is a famous city with a long history of humanities, but also a city with a unique geographical location and beautiful scenery.
Hangzhou is famous for its water, and the West Lake is a bright pearl embedded in Hangzhou, and it is also the city's most eye-catching business card.
The West Lake is a poetry lake, and many literati and inkers have lingered and chanted throughout the ages. Since the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi first wrote the West Lake into poetry, the West Lake has become a cultural scenic spot that poets praise, and the West Lake has also become a natural beauty that poets flock to feel and experience.
The mountains are nestled in the water, and the water reflects the mountains, quiet as water, light as mountains. The West Lake is surrounded by mountains, the West Lake is embedded in the north shore of the Jewel Mountain, Wuyun Mountain, South and North Peak and other mountains, across the West Lake and Qiantang River jade emperor mountain majestic handsome, southeast of the West Lake has a rolling mountain, extending to the city of Wushan, there is Phoenix Mountain, as well as the north near the West Lake, south of the riverside, shaped like a flying phoenix Phoenix.
Su Shi came to Hangzhou as a general judge, and Zhang Xian happened to retire to Hangzhou at this time, Zhang Xian was a well-traveled and outstanding writer, so they got in touch at the first time. Although Zhang Xian is 46 years older than Su Shi, the two have similar personalities and interests, and the age and generation gap have not affected their interactions, and their friendship with teachers and students in Hangzhou has since begun.
Therefore, they invariably chose to swim together in the West Lake, rafting in the West Lake, sending love to the landscape, and giving poetry together, and the landscapes and rivers of Hangzhou witnessed their friendship, and under the guidance of Zhang Xian, Su Shi's lyric writing level was also becoming more and more refined.
Once, when they were traveling together in the West Lake, Zhang Xian looked at the feminine landscape and first filled in a song, Su Shi was also infected by this atmosphere, so he also wrote a poem "Jiang Chengzi", the original words are as follows:
Phoenix Mountain rains and clears, the water and wind are clear, and the sunset is bright. A hibiscus, opened still yingying. Where flying double egrets, if intentional, Mu Wanting.
Overhearing the mourning kites on the river, bitter and affectionate, send who to listen! The smoke is cloudy, and according to the covenant is Xiang Ling. If you want to ask for the song at the end, people are not seen, and the number of peaks is green.
There is a small preface before the word, "On the lake with Zhang Xian, smell the kite", which refers to his travels with Zhang Xian to the West Lake and the past of filling in the lyrics and composing, which is also the earliest surviving poem of Su Shi.
It can also be said that in the Hangzhou General Judge, Su Shi began his journey of filling in words. Perhaps because of Su Shi's extraordinary literary attainments, his lexicographic opening is also gorgeous, in a popular phrase, that is, "the opening is the peak, tomorrow is just around the corner." As for Su Shi's great achievements in lexicography, that is the last word.
From the small preface, it can also be seen that Zhang Xian did write a poem by him, but it is a pity that Zhang Xian's words have not been handed down, which cannot but be said to be a regrettable thing.
West Lake, like a sparkling sapphire surrounded by mountains, when the spring water is born, the spring forest is in full bloom, and the spring breeze is ten miles, it is also the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. If there is a poet who adds a glittering humanistic imprint to the West Lake, Su Shi is definitely one of them.
The opening three sentences of "Phoenix Mountain rains and clear, the water and wind are clear, and the sunset is bright", this person painted a beautiful and moving "West Lake Evening Picture Scroll" for us.
In the evening, the clouds open and rain, after the rain washes and moisturizes, the water light of the nearby West Lake is more beautiful, the mountain color of the Phoenix Mountain in the distance is more feminine, and the sunset will sprinkle its beautiful afterglow to the lake, the lake at this time is as moving as a lady with heavy makeup; the evening wind gently blows across the lake, and the lake surface ripples with sparkling waves.
The lyricist and Zhang Xian took a boat to swim around the West Lake, and the water waves at the stern of the boat and the water waves blown by the wind embraced together, this scene, moving, this scene, let people intoxicated.
The next two sentences, "A hibiscus, blooming through Shangying", are the lyricists' description of the lotus flowers, but the lyricist does not describe the lotus flowers on the entire lake, only selects one of them, this lotus, although it has bloomed, is still beautiful and clean.
In fact, this is the way the writer covers the surface with dots and expresses the whole with parts. The part is the part of the whole, looking at the whole from the part is to find out the commonality of the local judgment as the attribute of the whole, although the characteristics of the local can not represent the whole, but the commonality of the whole is expressed in the locality. From this, we can infer that although most of the lotus flowers in the lake have bloomed, they are still in bloom and still beautiful.
Not only that, if you associate the form of the lotus flower with the first three sentences, you will find that the "Evening Picture scroll of the West Lake" depicted by the lyricist has a more beautiful and moving artistic conception, because the West Lake at this time not only has the light reflected on the lake, but also the evening wind that sweeps over the lake, and the microwaves and ripples that ripple with a charming posture.
Under the combined action of the light, the evening wind and the water waves, the lotus flower must maintain the same frequency as the water waves, swaying on the lake surface, and looking forward to the brilliance. This lotus flower resembles a dancer dressed in neon clothes performing a moving dance music on a glittering stage, and the West Lake picture at this time presents a multi-layered and unique flowing beauty.
The writer seems to think that the picture is not moving enough, so he uses his flying talent to drive the palette and brush in his hand, adding tangible colors and invisible sounds to the picture: a pair of egrets flying from nowhere, they dance in the air, they seem to have flown to listen to the moving kite and see the face of the kite.
"Where flying double egrets, if intentional, Mu Wanting", this is like the sentence of the flying fairy outside the sky, which is the ingenuity of the lyricist. The lyricist cleverly introduced the kite-playing man and the sound of the kite on the surface of the lake through the egret, which also corresponded to the small sequence of the words "when smelling the kite".
Rich in interest is the most brilliant place in the writing of this word, Su Shi closely follows the title of the word "when smelling the kite", from many aspects to describe the beauty of the kite player and the moving sound of the kite. Su Shi placed the kite-playing people in the lake and mountains after the rain, the first sunshine, the evening glow, so that the characters and natural scenery are interesting, and the music and the landscape complement each other, which does not correspond to the famous saying of "the benevolent Leshan, the wise leshui"?
Guzheng, one of the traditional Chinese musical instruments, is recorded in the literature: "Zither, shi string high, zhengzhengran." "Guzheng has a wide range, clear timbre, rich expression, such as "Alpine Flowing Water", "Banana Window Night Rain", "Fishing Boat Singing Night" and so on are all famous guzheng songs, therefore, the zither has always been a popular instrument, and the zither has always been loved by the public.
Back to the words, so, what kind of person is this kite-player on the lake? In the description of the characters, Su Shi adopts the technique of metaphor and foil: the evening view of the West Lake written in the first three sentences of the word is only used as a background picture for the characters; and a lotus flower on the lake is both a real and a beauty who plays the kite in the metaphor of the water hibiscus.
Su Shi writes people with scenery, uses scenery to describe people, and contrasts people with scenery, which can really be said to be ingenious, which also makes the meaning of words reach the artistic effect of puns, one song and three sighs.
What kind of music is the sound of kites coming from the lake? The writer wrote from the perspective of a listener: "Overhearing the mourning kite on the river, bitterly and affectionately, sending whoever listens." "It turns out that this is a sad tune, with sorrow, and people can't bear to listen."
In order to further express the sadness of the kite, Su Shi wrote: "The smoke is collected, and according to the covenant is xiangling. These two sentences are to the effect that even nature will be moved by this sad music, the smoke will be absorbed for it, and the clouds will color it.
In the eyes of the lyricist, this mournful piece of music is like the Xiangshui goddess Song Se pouring out her sorrows, and it is said that the second concubine of the emperor and the empress dowager became the god of Xiangshui after their deaths.
At this step, the sadness and moving of the music are also pushed to the highest peak step by step by the lyricist: it seems that such a mournful and moving music is not owned by the human world, but can only come from the hands of gods like the goddess of Xiangshui. This is similar to Du Fu's "This song should only be in heaven, and the world can hear it several times".
The so-called song is finally exhausted, and the cosine is more exciting. The last two sentences, "Want to wait for the song to finally seek to get, people don't see, count the peaks and blues", which is really intriguing. The lyricist was immersed in the sound of this sad kite, and when he returned to His Senses, it was the end of the song.
When he was about to inquire about the kite-player, he found that her figure had long disappeared on the misty lake, and only the steamy verdant peaks still stood quietly by the lake, as if the mournful music was still swaying in the lake and mountains.
We often say that at this time silence is better than sound, we will also say that the words are exhausted and the meaning is infinite, Su Shi's words end with the continuous "number of peaks and greens" that surround the West Lake, which can really be described as all the scenery language is love language, and this continuous green mountain echoes with the evening view of the West Lake under the Phoenix Mountain at the beginning of the word, this interesting scene has a long rhyme, the aftertaste is long, and it is endless to read.
Landscape words, nothing more than the scenery and the mood of appreciating the scenery, can express the scenery and mood really and delicately, not only need first-class words, but also need sincere emotions, because the truth is moving, because the sincerity will be touching.
The reason why Su Shi's poem is touching is not only because of the lyricist's superb ability to express words, but also because of the lyricist's feelings for Hangzhou, and every word he writes in Hangzhou is a deep and gentle Hangzhou landscape.