Even if he is a genius, facing the test of life, he is also severe. Dongpo's life, in terms of external behavior, serving in the Beijing division, stationing in the localities, promoting and degrading, and traveling from south to north can be said to be "traveling thousands of miles and half the world", and most of his life is always in the travel; and from his inner spiritual point of view, he always seems to be struggling forward in the fog of hardship and fog of one journey after another, self-reflection, and understanding the meaning of life. Therefore, reading Dongpo's works and understanding Dongpo's life just let us see how geniuses meet the challenges of reality in the journey of life, never stop exploring and pursuing, doing what they should do, stopping at what they must do, and finally achieving a more round and mature life conception.
When he was transferred from Hangzhou to the Mizhou Office, the "Qinyuan Spring" written to his brother on the journey said: "The road of the world is endless, and the labor life is limited, like the mayor of this district, Xian Huan." Such a strong sense of life limitations, how to turn to the "Return, There is no wind and rain and no sunshine" in the future, and finally find the life destination of "this peace of mind"? Along the way, in the wind and rain and sunshine, the feelings and thoughts have given us a lot of inspiration.
Author | Liu Shaoxiong
Source of this article: "Eight Lectures on Su Shizi", by Liu Shaoxiong and Lin Weiling, version: CITIC Publishing Group, June 2021
01
Walking through the changing years:
Talking about "Butterfly Love Flower"
Ming Zhangdai's "Records of Lang Huan" quotes a passage from the "Records of the Lotus Flowers of Qingni": "Zi Zhan was in Huizhou, sitting idly with Chaoyun, when the young girl first arrived (referring to the season entering the late autumn), the wood fell Xiao Xiao, and there was a sad meaning of autumn. Fate towards the clouds to put the big white, singing 'flowers fade red'. Asagiri's throat will be hoarse, and tears will fill his clothes. Zi Zhan questioned his reason and replied: "Slaves cannot sing, but "the willows on the branches are blowing and there are few, and there is no grass at the end of the world." Zi Zhan burst out laughing, "It is I who is sad about autumn, and Ru is hurting spring." That's it. Chaoyun soon died of illness, and Zi Zhan never listened to this word again. The words mentioned in the text are this "Butterfly Love Flower":
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The flowers fade red and green apricots are small, and when the swallows fly, the green water people are around.
The willows on the branches blow little, and there is no grass at the end of the world.
Swing in the wall, walkers outside the wall, beautiful people in the wall laugh.
Laughter fades away, but amorous is ruthlessly annoyed.
Most people should not be unfamiliar with this "Butterfly Love Flower". At present, it is uncertain when it was written, but it can be roughly inferred that it was a work of the middle and late period of Dongpo, written during the journey. Yu Pingbo's "Selected Interpretations of Tang and Song Dynasties" commented: "It is late to say that the spring light is late, and it has the meaning of homesickness. "Leaving the Troubles": "What is the only grass, and what is the nostalgia of the old world." The author of the biography in Huizhou ordered Chaoyun to sing this word. Chaoyun burst into tears and said, "Slaves can't sing, but there are few willows blowing on the branches, and there is no grass at the end of the world." Therefore, the sentence touches the nostalgia, so Chaoyun cannot sing. Willow cotton, willow flowers, willow silk also. Chaoyun couldn't sing, and Dongpo, who heard what she said and cried, didn't have the same feelings in his heart? The love expressed by dongpo words is rarely the love of men and women in the narrow sense. Therefore, in the eyes of the true color school or the elegance school that has always attached importance to the unique and delicate sentiments of the words because of their singing characteristics, the emotional mood of the inner nature of the Dongpo words is obviously insufficient, or has not been able to play it to the fullest. Therefore, since the Song Dynasty, many people have criticized the Dongpo word "not enough for love" and "words are better than feelings".
It is true that writing about the tenderness of children is not dongpo's strength, but how can there be more than one emotion in the world? Dongpo got rid of the flashiness and created a new world by himself, as if it was not as tender as tenderness, but it was by no means ruthless. On the contrary, precisely because Dongpo words are the expression of his emotions, the feelings he expresses have a variety of appearances. There are brotherly love, husband and wife love, friendship of friends, hometown thoughts, career sighs, the joy of landscapes, the feeling of things and me, the sorrow of the past and present... Although he occasionally makes flattering remarks, he still maintains the truth of his emotions and does not make shallow and vulgar remarks. It can be said that when dongpo filler words cross the world of boudoir, it also expands the emotional world of words.
Then, in the face of all kinds of mournful and happy things in the world, how does Dongpo look at it? How to express it? Flipping through the Dongpo words, you will find that there are very few works of excessive sadness, and "there is thought in the feelings" is its main tone. That is to say, Dongpo Zi rarely falls into the sad knot of emotions, always trying to find a more open road, a brighter color, a more real friendship, a different angle of thinking... It is precisely because it is with such an attitude to face the sadness and joy of the world, can enter it and can go out of it, so in Dongpo's works, it naturally presents a broad mind and a lofty artistic conception.
This "Butterfly Love Flower" is also not a lyric for men and women to write about the entanglement of love affairs, but through the laughter of "beautiful people" to stimulate the emotional ups and downs of "pedestrians", it is revealed that the essence of Dongpo words is derived from "sentimentality". The confusion of "amorous" is one of the main themes of the Dongpo word. And this "amorous" consciousness is often revealed in the contrast between the past and the present.
As mentioned in the previous chapter, the lyrical nature of words is mainly based on the contrast between time and space and personnel, stemming from the concentration and persistence of human love and the endless exclamation of the passage of time - this is also the theme of this word.
Dongpo cleverly created a journey of travel, the troubles brought about by the occasional distraction, and wrote the lyricist's deep helplessness and regret in the face of the flow of time and space.
Walking through the wilderness villages in the late spring, the spring flowers have been exhausted, the branches are still small, and when you see swallows flying by, the leisurely green water surrounds the homes of three or five people; and the willows that are still flying in the wind a few days ago are getting fewer and fewer, the willow shade is gradually thickening, and the sky in front of you is full of herbs and greenery. The upper piece of the word writes the twilight spring scenery in a clear and gentle tone, sentence by sentence, we read, as if we are also walking with the author, the scenery of the space flows and changes, and time also passes darkly in it. "Green water people around the house" is an ordinary village scenery, but because of the ordinary is more familiar, and the situation of the peaceful residence is also more intriguing the thinking of the guest: I am not a returnee, i am a passerby? As a result, the minds of pedestrians are naturally attracted by willows and herbs. The willows that gradually blow out are also the spring light that disappears day by day; looking at the ubiquitous herbs at the end of the world, how can it not be reminiscent of Bai Juyi's writing: "Away from the grass on the original, one year old and one year old." ...... Yuanfang invaded the ancient road, and Qingcui took over the deserted city. And sent Wang Sun to go, and he was full of affection." No wonder chaoyun sang to this point, tears full of clothes...
"Memories" are often the key to the rise of words. The scenery of the journey on the film gradually led pedestrians to have the sentimentality of stealing over the years, and stepping out of the countryside, passing through the high-walled courtyard, suddenly the laughter coming from the partition wall made the pedestrians stop. "Swing in the wall" is the unstained girl's world and the joy of youth; the "outside the wall" is the realistic journey of alternating wind and frost, rain and sun, and the pursuit of the unknown dazedness and exhaustion. Pedestrians suddenly stop, not only for the laughter of the beautiful people to be intoxicating, but also for the simplicity and clarity of the laughter into the hearts of the pedestrians, bringing a sense of "déjà vu". Unconsciously, the listener climbs over the wall of memory and indulges in similar feelings of his past. "Laughter fades away", the laughter in the wall gradually fades away, the voice is silent, and the illusion of the listener returning to the past time has disappeared. The beauties inside the wall do not know that there is someone stopping outside the wall, do not know that their joy has evoked a memory of the casual passers-by, and do not know that this unintentional laughter makes the travelers in a foreign land feel in vain, and the sigh of "amorous but ruthlessly annoyed" arises. This word "annoyance" is to be provoked, to be stirred up by emotions, if it is not the heart of the original sentimentality, how can it be plucked to the heartstrings and have these small words, these sorrows?
Yun Shouping's "Yanxi Fish Letu"
02
From the wind and rain:
From "Nan Gezi" to "Cold Food Rain"
In the journey of life, among the scenery along the road, the east slope most enjoys two kinds of scenery: the moonlit night, and the sunny after the rain. He often writes about rain scenes, in addition to the beauty of rain scenes, he also said that "rain falls poetry". Drizzle, torrential rain... Rain, in particular, seemed to inspire him to write beautiful poems. However, along the way, the refinement journey of life has come, and the rain often represents a deeper symbolic meaning. Below we will talk about a period of mood from the wind and rain, from Dongpo's "NanGezi" to "Cold Food Rain", before and after watching the "Wutai Poetry Case", the two situations faced by Dongpo, two kinds of tragic feelings, one is the spirit of confrontation with the outside world, and the other is the voice of sadness and despair.
"Nan Gezi" was written before the "Wutai Poetry Case", which was written by Dongpo on his way from Xuzhou to Huzhou in the rain:
Bring wine to the mountain rain, and clothes to sleep in the evening sunshine.
I don't know if the bell or drum announces the dawn. Butterflies are vivid in the dream, and the body is light.
The old age is exhausted, and the return plan is not complete.
Qiu Tian asked Shexiao Haoying. Self-love lakeside sand road, mud-free walk.
At first glance, this word seems to be broad, but in fact, it is not even, showing a kind of pride. "Rushing the mountain rain with wine" reveals the tragic and magnificent feelings of confronting reality head-on. Do not hide from the rain, do not swim in the rain, but with wine strides towards the rain, quickly rush through the layers of rain curtains, and strongly "collide" with the mountain rain. Such a posture and state of mind make the leisurely meaning of the next sentence suddenly decrease, but add a loneliness and tiredness after the struggle and conflict. "Sleeping in japanese clothes and sleeping in the evening", why do you rest in wet clothes? The rain-drenched clothes mark the process of just fighting the mountain rain, is it also a bit like the armor of the warriors who have returned from the battlefield, covered with sword marks, flames and dust, and is also a symbol of the brave who resists the enemy? However, the armor full of war memories and the clothes full of rain and cool clothes are often wrapped in a tired and lonely body and mind that long for peace? Dreams are perhaps the most convenient relief. In the dream, the reality recedes, the true illusion is blurred, and the image of the object and self is freed, and it is not limited by the established form, and can fly freely and freely between heaven and earth. The allusion of Zhuang Zhou Mengdi is used here. What we should pay attention to is that the "lifelike lightness" here on the eastern slope has a premise first: "I don't know the bell and drum to announce the dawn", and we must "forget the time". In other words, Dongpo uses an attitude of forgetting time and forgetting reality to let himself get comfortable, and it is not the realm of Zhuangzi penetrating the illusion of reality, liberating physical attachment, and perfecting spiritual freedom. But did he really forget the time?
After waking up, what comes to mind is "old age is exhausted, and the return plan is not complete" - the old consciousness, the grief of losing ground and life, emerges one by one, and he is still trapped in the reality of the flow of time and space. Therefore, in the next piece of the word, the words are full of sadness and anger, and the anger is exuberant. The so-called "asking for the field to ask for a smile and a hero, self-love the sand road by the lake, and avoiding mud" all contain lonely and disharmonious emotions, which are forced to make excuses, not really enlightened. And from here, we can also see Dongpo's choice at this time: I chose a rigid path, not to walk with mud, not to stick to dust - a pure self-love, never different flow of life consciousness. With this lonely posture of conflict with the rain, Dongpo's rebellion in the face of reality, in the gradually brewing political storm, the occurrence of the "Wutai poetry case", is it accidental?
The fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082) was the third year of Dongpo's demotion to Huangzhou. Life is still poor, but the daily life has gradually settled down, and the family supports each other, but it is also plain and warm. At the same time, with the assistance of friends, Dongpo rented a small piece of cultivated land, although it was barren, after some tidying, it could also be sown in the field, which could improve the current embarrassing situation. He called himself "Dongpo Resident" and built his own "Snow Hall" near the cultivated land. The Snow Hall was a simple building, but it gave him a small space to read, write, meditate, and occasionally greet friends. The real living conditions of the degraded officials seem to have improved, and the heart that has suffered setbacks and worries is gradually adjusting. I didn't expect that God's test was not over. After the spring of this year, the rain continued unceasingly, and it rained for nearly two months, the newly sown fields were soaked in water, the houses were also watered, and everywhere was wet, and what was even more wet and gloomy was the mind that had been trying to cheer up...
This time, Dongpo chose to write his sad and desperate mood in poetry. He composed two songs of "Cold Eating Rain":
One
Since I came to Huangzhou, I have passed three cold foods. Every year wants to cherish the spring, and the spring is not to be regretted. This year is raining again, and autumn is sluggish in February. Smell the begonia flowers, muddy swallow fat snow. Stealing in the dark, the night is really powerful. He Shu was a sick teenager, and his illness began to be white.
Second
The Spring River wants to enter the house, and the rain is coming. The hut is like a fishing boat, clouded in the clouds. Cook cold vegetables in the empty room, and burn wet reeds on a broken stove. It is known that it is cold food, but see the black paper. The king's gate is nine times deep, and the tomb is in the thousands of miles. I also want to cry poor, and I can't blow ashes.
Forty-seven-year-old Dongpo has a complex and changeable state of mind. After walking through the simple fear of sin and transcending personal gains and losses, he realized the wrongs of the past in self-contemplation, but also re-affirmed the Confucian ideal of "respecting the Lord and the People". The affirmation of the ideal shows that he still has a strong desire for the world, so the sadness of the vain failure of life swept in.
These two cold food poems, sad and painful, are the most helpless cries and groans of life under the ruthless oppression of time: the dreams of youth are withered like spring flowers, and the years of youth are unconsciously gone, and the idle career is not allowed to advance, it is difficult to think of returning, and the limited years are thrown into a blank. Dongpo finally said: "I also want to cry poor, and I can't afford to blow ashes" - I also want to emulate Ruan Zhi in those years, crying and weeping when I was poor, and venting freely, but my heart was like dead ash, cold and cold, and I could no longer blow the spark of hope! The epilogue of Dongpo's work has never been sad, and Dongpo's state of mind has rarely fallen into such an abyss.
As if the lowest and most obscure breath was spit out, after the second song of "Cold Food Rain", Dongpo's mood gradually calmed down. In the face of the eternal problem of the impermanence of life and the dream of life, he is like a student who is unwilling to give up and strives to find answers, step by step on the real journey of life, thinking in the progress, and realizing in the sadness and joy of the past and the present, the natural landscape and the warmth of human feelings that he personally feels. As a result, he left immortal chapters for future generations, with poetry and literary endowments, showing his diverse talents and emotions: sensitivity to time, helplessness of life, and yearning for pastoral life, accompanied by the vastness of sprinkling sorrow. To this day, many people face the ups and downs of life, and always unexpectedly think of Dongpo's works in the Huangzhou period, especially after "Cold Food And Rain", such as "Dingfengbo", "Nian Nujiao", "Linjiang Immortal" and "Chibi Fu" before and after.
Shen Zhou's "View of the Rain in the Western Mountains"
03
There is no wind or rain or sunshine:
The solution to "Fixing the Storm"
The two poems he wrote on the Cold Food Festival revealed the deepest and darkest sorrows and sorrows in the depths of the soul. This year, he was forty-seven years old.
Cold food is one hundred and five days after the winter solstice, and the cold food of this year should be the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. After the cold food, the rain feet gradually gather, the dense dark clouds gather and disperse, the sun will show its face from time to time, and Dongpo will certainly not let himself be claustrophobic in the cramped space to complain and sigh. On March 7, he met with friends and went to Shahu Lake to see the fields. Looking at the fields is for the sake of future livelihood, hoping to find cheap fields, so that the family can really live in peace and live a self-sufficient farm life.
This time, it seems that the field did not find the appropriate farmland as desired, but the occasional situation allowed Dongpo to get out of the haze and depression of the previous days, realize another layer of life realm, and leave an immortal masterpiece - "Dingfeng Wave : March 7th, Rain in Shahu Road" The rain gear went first, and the peers were all embarrassed, and Yu Was alone. It's over. Pretending to be this word:
Don't listen to the sound of leaves beating through the forest, why not groan and walk slowly.
Bamboo sticks and shoes are lighter than horses, who are afraid, a smoke and rain for a lifetime.
The steep spring wind blows wine awake, slightly cold, but the mountain head obliquely illuminates each other.
Looking back at the place where it has always been, returning, there is no wind or rain or sunshine.
Going to Shahu Lake is to see the fields, and to see the fields is to settle the family's future life, so we can see the courage of Dongpo to face reality and the spirit of not giving up easily. From the third to the seventh of March, in just a few days, with the gradually changing weather, Dongpo also sorted out his emotions step by step - open the door, step out, the road stretches forward, why should he sigh poorly?
The word order says "rain gear first", maybe there is rain when going out, or still worried about the weather is undecided, so everyone brought rain gear, but obviously the weather is good on this day, when you want to go home from Shahu Lake, in order to relax and convenient, walk more to enjoy the scenery and chat, you can rest assured to let the servant go back with rain gear first. When the rain gear is gone, the rain is coming! The sudden rain caught a group of people walking between the mountain paths by surprise, and there was nowhere to hide from the rain – "all the companions are in a bad mood", dongpo said. Awkwardness is to describe the body behavior of flashing left and right in the wind and rain, walking forward quickly, slipping at times or under the feet, still inevitably wet by the rain, and a look of unavoidable chagrin, which is our familiar experience. Ke Dongpo continued, "Yu Du is unconscious. He didn't seem to think anything of it, didn't think it was time to find a way to hide from the rain, so there was no "embarrassment" mood.
From the encounters of a moment in life, Dongpo understands a deeper and broader meaning of life. And he chose the word "Ding Feng Bo" to write about this matter and these realizations, and should inevitably have the expectation of "calming the storms of life".
Liu Yongji's "Brief Analysis of the Two Song Words of the Five Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty" commented on this word: "When I was in Huangzhou when I was on the eastern slope, this word was written about the rain on the way. In the middle of the rain, things are very common, but Dongpo can write about his life in this ordinary accident. The first half shows the author's well-cultivated spirit, walking dangerously, and not being shaken by sorrow. The second half shows his profound understanding of life experience, and shows his mind of worry and happiness. People who are covered with learning can express their spirit anytime, anywhere. Liu Yongji's words appropriately express the spirit of Dongpo's transformation of life experience in the rain into life realization, and at the same time, it also clearly points out that in this word, Dongpo is facing two situations: sudden wind and rain, and sunny sun after wind and rain, and what he finally wants to transcend is the two realms of worry (wind and rain) and happiness (qingyang).
The unexpected rain was on the mountain road home, and the road was still long without rain gear, so the raindrops that hit the leaves through the woods sounded in the ears and struck the uneasy hearts of pedestrians: The rain is getting heavier, when will it stop? What if we're soaking wet? Where can I shelter from the rain? Dongpo said, "Don't listen to the sound of leaves beating through the forest", don't worry about the size of the rain! Since it is already in the rain, and in the forest mountain road, there is no hope to avoid the rain, and the speed is only afraid of the road slipping and falling, why not relax your mood, take the sound of the rain as the beat, and walk slowly with a long whistle? Moreover, at this moment, without the bulky rain gear, we are light, we have a bamboo stick in our hands to lean on, and there are grass shoes under our feet to step on, and we are comfortable, isn't it lighter and more comfortable than riding a horse? If "rain" is an inevitable rebellion in the pursuit of ideals, an inevitable contradiction and conflict between the individual and reality, then why not calmly face the misty clouds and the storm? When the sound of rain is no longer a disturbing noise, the mud no longer hinders the pace of moving forward, and the accident of unpredictable wind and clouds can no longer erode the leisurely self-sufficiency of the heart, even if life is often in the smoke and rain, what is there to be afraid of?
What's more, the sunny and rainy changes in nature, and the favorable and adversities of life often alternate. In the blink of an eye, the rain stopped, and the late spring breeze blew the wet clothes, and also woke up the remnants of the noon drink. "Slightly cold" is the feeling of the body, but also the inner cold and lonely mood after experiencing the setbacks of reality and waking up from it. However, the cold body also feels the warmth of the sunny sun after the rain more keenly - "the mountain head obliquely illuminates each other", and the soft and warm sunset afterglow soothes the pedestrians who come in the wind and rain, just as the friendship between the world and the world is always the warm reliance of our hardships and sufferings, and it is also the sustenance of our hope when we look forward to the future.
Looking back on the path at this time, the wind and rain have passed, just as the fears and sorrows of the past have become the past, even if they look back by chance, there is no need to be trapped in it. Turn around and leave, the way back is still far away, and the unfinished ambitions of life still need to be completed. "There is no wind or rain and no sunshine" - not only write that the night falls after the rain stops, and the rain and rain of this day are also traceless with the twilight, but also convey another kind of thinking in a symbolic way: what we must transcend is not only the adversity of life, but also the smooth situation - the wind and rain is the adversity, we are afraid of it; the sunny is the good situation, we rejoice; we do not know that the good and the bad are unprovoked, the rain and the sun are uncertain, and in retrospect, the sorrows and joys at that time are actually the same vagueness...
Many years ago, dongpo, who was younger than now, would "bring wine to the mountains and rain". At that time, rain was a magic obstacle to reality, a rebellion that hindered the pursuit of ideals, and "rushing to the mountains with wine" was a tragic and magnificent feeling that directly conflicted with reality. Now, at the age of forty-seven, Dongpo, who escaped from the death threat of the "Wutai Poetry Case", was deposed in Huangzhou as a criminal official, had neither power nor resignation, and barely relied on a meager salary to cultivate a few thin fields and live on a tight basis. Such a perverse dilemma made him truly understand the cost of clinging to ideals, and in this lonely years of self-examination, he re-affirmed his choices, and refined his self-confidence and broad understanding between the conflict between reality and ideals, and in the unpredictable changes in life. Through "Fixing the Wind and Waves", Dongpo leads us through the rain and the sunny, across the sorrow and joy, and then realize that the loss of favor and humiliation is also the external wind and rain and the sun, and when we can not linger and face it calmly, our hearts will also get real freedom.
Su Shi (biography) "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Diagram"
04
This peace of mind is my hometown:
Another new frontier in "Fixing the Storm"
"There is no wind and rain and no sunshine" is Dongpo's profound understanding after experiencing the wind and rain of life, and it is also his yearning for the concept of life, but it is easy to know and difficult to do, so that the realm of no obstacles is not achieved overnight. From "Ding Feng Bo" that encountered rain on the way to another "Ding Feng Bo" written for Wang Dingguo and Rou Nu many years later, Dongpo traveled all the way to deepen his self-reflection in ordinary life, rural wilderness, and new and old friendship. Let's take his works after five, six, seven to eight years of Yuanfeng as an example to understand Dongpo's understanding in his daily travels, and see how he found the life destination of "this place of peace is my hometown".
The short soaking creek of Lanya under the mountain, the sand road between the pines is pure and mud-free.
Xiao Xiao Twilight Rain Zi ruled.
Who says that there is nothing less in life? The water in front of the door can still be west.
Hugh will sing yellow chicken with white hair.
This word is very close to the time of writing of the previous "Dingfeng Wave", which was written in March of the fifth year of Yuanfeng. Word order: "You Pu Shui Qingquan Temple." The temple is adjacent to Lan Creek, and the stream flows west. "The water is on the east side of the present-day city of Huanggang. Dongpo also mentioned related things in the article "Yousha Lake": "Thirty miles southeast of Huangzhou is Shahu Lake, also known as The Conch Lion Shop, Yu will buy a field in the middle, because of the illness in xiangtian." Pang An chang (ming'an shi) was a good doctor and deaf, so he went to seek treatment. ...... Healed, visit Qingquan Temple with him. The temple is outside the Guo Gate of Pushui, and there is Wang Yishao's fountain of washing pens, and the water is extremely sweet. Down to Lan Creek, the stream flows west. Yu Zuo GeYun (lyrics omitted). It's a day, and the drama is returning. Dongpo went to the doctor because of illness, and after he recovered, he also became friends with the doctor Pang An. In this situation, when his body and mind were relatively comfortable and happy, he accompanied Pang And others to visit Qingquan Temple. According to legend, Wang Xizhi once practiced calligraphy at Qingquan Temple, and there was a clear spring next to the temple, where he washed his pen. This fountain is clear and sweet, tourists come here, often take water to drink, Dongpo also drank with great interest, and felt quite luscious. It was in such a relaxed atmosphere that he wrote this "Huan Xi Sha".
The upper part of the word consists of three images: one is the "short soaking stream of orchid buds under the mountain", and the newly sprouted orchid can be seen in the stream. This allows us to see the clarity of the stream, and also points out the meaning of the word order "Temple Linlan Creek". The second is "Matsuma Sand Road is clean and mud-free", writing about walking Matsuma Trail, dust and mud do not stick, giving people a fresh and clean feeling. Before Dongpo wrote "Nan Gezi", he said: "Self-love by the sand road by the lake, free of mud", a clean road, not to provoke dust and a half-invaded world, is the spiritual expression of Dongpo's self-respect and self-love. Passing by the clear banks of the LanXi River and then walking through the dry Matsuma Trail, the space unfolds step by step, and time moves forward bit by bit. The third sentence of "Xiao Xiao Twilight Rain Rules Cry", the refreshing sparseness in front of it is replaced by Xiao Xiao Twilight Rain, and the time is unconsciously coming to the evening, and it is the end of the day; at this time, the ears are ringing with the sound of a burst of cuckoo crying, the cuckoo cry is the twilight spring season, and spring has also come to an end - the sentimentality of time passage is in the writing of this scenery, and it is naturally drawn out...
In the next piece of the word, Dongpo faces the helplessness of time through rational writing, and the intention is all in the "abnormal" phenomenon of "the west flow of the stream".
Who says people can't go back to youth when they're old? Don't you see that the stream in front of the door can flow backwards to the west? There are many possibilities in life, there is no inevitable, so don't lament in vain the passage of time and self-harm and aging. ...... We are accustomed to the flow of streams into the sea from the east as the norm, but the Blue Creek flows from east to west, on the contrary, breaking the norm, showing that things may not have a fixed and inevitable state, and how can the development of life not be abnormal? Of course, Dongpo does not think that people may return to old age. What he realized from this is that old age and immortality are actually just a state of mind, if there are various possible variations in life, why should we limit ourselves with "inevitable how" and let ourselves indulge in a phenomenon and an emotion? Therefore, in the face of the passage of time, there is no need to be overly sad.
Ordinary people live a life, often easy to be entangled in life events, and Dongpo always tries to think, analyze and relieve from these floating daily life by virtue of his own wisdom and temperament, so that he can have a broader vision and reach a higher spiritual level.
To be able to perceive the exquisite life theory from ordinary life, not only needs the "inner light of the poet's mind", but also requires the poet to have a leisurely heart - the mood is relaxed, the senses will be more acute, keen hearing, vision, smell, touch... The flexible mind is opened, so that the poet can extract a certain wisdom of life from the complexity and manifest the "spiritual enlightenment". Aida, medical treatment, recovery, and travel with friends, Dongpo in the late spring of this year, from the reality of ordinary life, step by step relaxed the tight heartstrings, little by little to re-feel the taste and color of life.
Spring has passed, summer is getting farther and farther away, the autumn wind is rising, and the eastern slope is still unavoidably sentimental of time. He wrote "Dong Xian Song" and "Nian Nu Jiao", etc., which is nothing more than trying to sort out the sadness of these time and space flows, and trying to find an unchangeable theorem from the change to settle his own life. In the early winter of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), after writing "Hou Chibi Fu", Dongpo suddenly became enlightened and realized the safety of "adapting to fate", so that he could feel the elegance of leisure in this degrading life, and reflect the natural joy of life from his leisure. After the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), Dongpo wrote a kind of realization in the journey, which presented a different style from the past. Let's read the Partridge Heaven:
Lin Duanshan Ming bamboo hidden wall, chaotic cicada decay grass small pond.
Turning over blank birds is seen from time to time, and the water is red and fragrant.
Outside the cottage, next to the ancient city, the cane quinoa slowly turns to the sun.
Attentively, last night, three more rains, and Another day of coolness.
The first film of this song "Partridge Sky" is all written scenes, using a clear and comfortable writing. "Forest break" refers to the end of the forest, Wang Weishi said "walk to the end of the water, sit and watch the clouds rise", now the east slope to the forest break, what is presented in front of you? The thick shade of the forest disappeared, and what came into the eyes was the bright green mountains in the distance, the walls of the people who were vaguely hidden by the bamboo - in this short sentence, we walked slowly with the eastern slope, a scene appeared at the end of the scene, no forest saw the mountain, saw the mountain and then saw the house, and finally stopped at the "small pond of chaotic cicadas and grass". The description of "chaos", "decay" and "small" presents an ordinary rural landscape, the sound of cicadas is inevitably chaotic and unpleasant, the grass color is inevitably withered and decayed, and the small pond is even more difficult to compare with the watery West Lake, which is just a simple landscape that can be seen everywhere in the deserted suburbs and naturally presented due to the seasonal weather. Next, Dongpo wrote a pair of beautiful sentences with a rare thin pen: "Turning over the blank bird is seen from time to time, and the water is red and fragrant." As if with a wave of a magic wand, the ordinary scenery added a layer of bright and moving brilliance, and the magic wand of the eastern slope was his leisurely mood. Because when the mood is relaxed, the relaxed heart opens the eyes, ears, nose and nose and other senses at the same time, the bright eyes see the white birds flying freely, also see the red lotus that reflects the water, and smell the fine flowers faintly floating from the wind on the water surface - Dongpo once said: "The wind and moon in the rivers and mountains are impermanent, and the idlers are the masters." Only by being idle can we truly feel the harmony and beauty of nature, and thus we can see and realize the joy that exists in ordinary life and ordinary things.
The next three sentences are all in one breath, but there is a turn in time and space. Earlier, I said that Dongpo did not blindly stay in the house and think about life, but to watch and perceive in action, and then to recognize the meaning of life. This is his walking literature, his walking philosophy. From the outside of the cottage to the ancient city, the space for writing the cane quinoa Xubu, and the word "turning the sun" deftly points out the length of the cane quinoa's slow step, which is unconsciously and leisurely until the sunset. Time flows, space changes, and the eastern slope has no special lingering, no unnecessary regrets and sighs, he walks slowly, all the way forward...
At the end of the pen, Dongpo recalled the mood of this cane and quinoa: "Floating life is cool for a day. On this day, the cool weather allowed him to walk comfortably and comfortably, and the scenery was good in his eyes. Interestingly, the cause of this "one day of coolness", when you think about it, is actually due to "attentiveness last night three more rains" . Think about it, maybe the sound of the rain on the third night last night had disturbed the sleep of the eastern slope, awakened him, and made it difficult for him to sleep again; unexpectedly, the next day was actually sunny, so the rain of the previous night actually washed the earth and brought a fresh and cool day. However, how could the leisure that Dongpo enjoyed at this time not because of his actual frustration? If it were not for the "Wutai Poetry Case", Dongpo would not have withdrawn from the busy government affairs and lived a life close to the countryside; if it were not for the "Wutai Poetry Case", Dongpo would not have so much time to live in peace with his family. Therefore, many times, we are lamenting, panicking, and worrying all kinds of things at the moment, once things have passed, looking back, we will find that we have gained something else and gained something else in it, at this time, we can't help but be grateful for those disasters, those setbacks and frustrations - attentive to last night's three rains, and have to float a day of coolness - after a long time, someone once asked Dongpo: Do you have hatred for those people in the new law? Dongpo said that he had no hatred in his heart. Only by releasing oneself from the imprisonment of "hate" can one grow and be grateful for those unbearable encounters that have brought one's life to another state of mind.
Written in the sixth year of Yuan Feng (1083), although it was only a small order, it was beautiful and comfortable, which can show the fading state of mind of the late Huangzhou on the eastern slope. Of course, idleness and a distant state of mind are not suddenly available, and even if you realize it, your mood will still inevitably rise and fall.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Dongpo was forty-nine years old and had spent more than four years in Huangzhou. In the spring of that year, he was assigned to the regiment of Ruzhou (Linru, Henan) as a deputy envoy. Such a transfer often represented the court's intention to reduce his punishment, and may even be a symbol of revival. In April, Dongpo left Huangzhou with his family. Since they did not have to rush to the office immediately, the family traveled along the Yangtze River, visiting the landscape and visiting friends along the road. In December, he came to Sizhou (in Anhui). On December 24, Uncle Liu Qian invited Dongpo to visit the local famous nanshan (Duliang Mountain), drink tea and eat wild vegetables, gossip and homely, so Dongpo wrote the following poem "Huanxi Sha Yuanfeng 7 December 24, 2017, from Sizhou Liu Qian Uncle Tour Nanshan":
Drizzle oblique wind for a little cold, light smoke sparse willow beautiful sunny beach.
Entering Huai Qingluo gradually became long.
Snow foam milk flower floating noon cup, artemisia annua shoots try spring plate.
The taste of the world is pure joy.
"The taste of the world is Qinghuan", Qinghuan refers to a kind of pleasure that has no interests and troubles in the soul, and is very leisurely, and Dongpo believes that this is the most emotional feeling in the world. Tang Dynasty Feng Zhen's "Miscellaneous Records of Yunxian": "Tao Yuanming is too guarded to send wine, and most of them are mixed with water, that is, less YanQing huan for a few days." "Tao Yuanming lives a hard life, but he can enjoy the taste of happiness in life. Taishou sent him some wine, he first added "scoop water" into it, diluted the wine, but also made the wine more, leisurely and shallow drinking days will be a few more days, the joy of life can continue longer... This is "Qinghuan", ordinary and simple, containing the most simple love between people and between people and everything.
The next three sentences are written naturally and kindly, with both visual, taste and spiritual feelings, all from life, not deliberately for the text, there is a beautiful taste.
We can see that in the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Dongpo's writing was already quite plain and natural, and his mood was also relaxed and relaxed. And his career began to take a new turn. At the end of his life, he left Huangzhou on the way to Ruzhou, traveling between Jianghuai and Huaihuai, begging the imperial court to settle in Changzhou, hoping to return to farming here. However, the overall situation of the imperial court changed, and in the winter of the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), he first sent Ren Dengzhou, and within a few days, he was recalled to the Capital Division. After more than three years, he became a scholar of Hanlin University and actually participated in important state affairs. As he was pardoned and returned to Beijing, his friends who were disparaged by the "Wutai Poetry Case" on that day were also pardoned one after another and were successively transferred back to Beijing. Friends have not been seen for many years, the encounters are different, and there are naturally many feelings when they can be reunited in Beijing. Let's take a look at the poem "Dingfeng Wave" written by him and his friend Wang Dingguo when they reunited. I have mentioned before that Dongpo's use of the word "DingFeng Wave" is deliberately taking the meaning of "calming the storm", but this time he wants to write about how to calm the waves of life, he writes about how a girl calms the waves of life, and the inspiration given to him by that attitude.
Often envious of the world's Jade Lang, Heaven should beg and point crispy lady.
Self-made Song spreads its teeth, the wind rises, and the snow flies and the sea becomes cool.
Wanli returned to the older and fewer, smiling, laughing with the fragrance of lingmei.
I asked whether Lingnan should be good, but I said that this peace of mind is my hometown.
Word order: "Wang Ding's national anthem, Yue Rou nu, surname Yuwen, meimu Juanli, good response, family lineage living in The Beijing Division." Dingguo moved south, Yu asked Rou, Guangnan terroir should be bad? Soft to the truth: This place of peace of mind is my hometown. Because of the word cloud. "Wang Gong is a well-known official, a son of an official eunuch, who studied literature from Dongpo, and the two had a very good personal relationship." The Wutai Poetry Case "occurred, and he was implicated in receiving Dongpo poems and was convicted of degrading the Pennsylvania salt and liquor tax." When Wang Gong left Beijing for Lingnan, the family's song girl Rounu volunteered to accompany him. Three years later, Wang Gong returned to the north and once again talked about the wine with Dongpo and gathered at the wine feast. At the feast, Wang Gong summoned Rou Nu to persuade Dongpo to drink. Dongpo remembered that this Yuwen girl was dexterous and good at coping, so he tried to ask her: "Shouldn't the Quang Nam terroir be good?" "It means that there is a shortage of materials over there, and life should be difficult." There is no lamentation about this question, but there is a bit of interest in "I want to test Rou nu and see how she will respond". Unexpectedly, Rou Nu replied lightly: "This place of peace of mind is my hometown." The simple answer is full of moving wisdom. Dongpo was touched and specially wrote this word to praise her.
"Qiu Yulang" refers to Wang Dingguo, saying that he is a beautiful man carved from beautiful jade like heaven; "Point Crisp Lady" refers to Rou Nu, saying that her skin is smooth and white like condensed crisp; handsome men with beautiful women are exactly the intentional arrangements of God. And this beautiful woman not only has a delicate appearance, but also a singer with a beautiful voice: "Self-made song spreads her teeth, the wind rises, and the snow flies and the sea becomes cool." "How beautiful is Jonus's singing?" When she gently opened her lips, a bright and beautiful song sounded, as if the breeze was blowing, the snow was flying, and the hot place became incomparably cool in the blink of an eye. This passage not only vividly writes a pair of enviable beauties, but also points out the identity of Jono and praises her singing.
The next film writes about the couple who returned from the difficult years in Pennsylvania, and it is even more amazing: "The return of thousands of miles is less and less." Dongpo also wrote in the article "Book with Wang Dingguo": "Junshi (Sima Guang) tasted the clouds: Wang Dingguo was in the miasma cave for five years, and his face was like red jade. "In the five years of Huangzhou, Dongpo can't help but sigh at his aging, and strive to adjust and think about it in the fear of the passage of time. But look at Wang Gong and Rou Nu, they have lived in Lingnan for many years in what everyone thinks is a miasma land, and not only do they not look old, but they are getting younger and younger! The rou nu in front of him smiled slightly, and the elegant smile seemed to be wafting with the aroma of Lingnan plum blossoms. Rou Nu gave up the familiar and more comfortable environment in Jingshi, and voluntarily accompanied Wang Gong to the south to live a degrading life, without hesitation or complaint, such a spirit is not similar to Plum Blossom? The plum blossom blooms in the bitter cold, the flowers wither and it is proud of the branches, so it is regarded as a symbol of the noble character of the scholars. Dongpo said that Rou Nu's smile exudes the fragrance of southern plum blossoms, that is, to compare plum blossoms to this singer, praising her flower-like appearance and elegant character that is not inferior to that of a scholar. So, how does such a woman view those derogatory years? Above the feast, Dongpo asked questions easily, and Rou Nu's simple response surprised him: "This place of peace of mind is my hometown." "Whether it is the prosperous place of Beijing, or the miasma of Pennsylvania, as long as a heart is stable and calm, it can live a happy and joyful life, and it can feel the warmth and beauty of the surroundings, then any place can become a home to live in peace." Dongpo wrote "Fixing the Wind and Waves" before, after much thought, and then realized that "there is no wind and rain and no sunshine"; and the little girl in front of her does not need so much learning, so much reflection and thinking, just a deep affection, with the love of the heart to choose their own direction, and then without hesitation to go forward, peace of mind, where is not home? I believe that such a simple answer and pure mood will inevitably make Dongpo have a very deep feeling, and also make him can't help but admire the woman in front of him, no complaints, no regrets, the courage to choose, and the simple heart has naturally reached the life realm that Dongpo can't really reach.
"This peace of mind is my hometown", the heart that is quiet and idle is the free heart, the soul that belongs to freedom, everywhere is uncomfortable, everywhere is leisurely, everything is observable, and everything is amiable. If so, then the storms in reality will no longer bring the waves and fears of the soul, and the ends of the earth and the vast heavens and the earth are the places where their lives depend. This "Ding Feng Bo" is an appreciation for Rou Nu, and "this peace of mind is my hometown" is the life destination that Dongpo has pursued all his life.