Cai Jing and Qin Ju were magnates, but they were both authorities that had not been praised in the history of calligraphy, and everyone's words were wasted. Quite a few people are cold flames, still want to fight for the word "Cai" for Cai Jing, but they can't always shake it.
Others are that although the person himself has been criticized, his calligraphy art is still recognized, the so-called "no nonsense by people". Yan Song and Wang Duo belong to this category.
There are three types of calligraphy works passed down from generation to generation:
The first is the list book, which was originally "Kong Sui Huangzuo", "Taiji Xianlin", "Hongyou Tianmin" and "Xiantian Minjing" on the archway outside the Dongda Gaodian In xicheng district of Beijing, the "North Gate" on the gate of the original Jingshan Mountain in the Xicheng District, the "Wanbang General Constitution" originally on the upper floor of the District Court of the Ministry of Justice, the "Xihe Niantang" and the "Zhigongtang" in Xuanwumen Caishikou, the "Zhongxiao" and "Jingming" in the Xu Zhenren Temple of the Iron Pillar Palace outside the front gate, as well as the "Liubiju" in the grain store outside the front door, and the "Zhigongtang" in Chongwenmen. The "Hanlin Courtyard Office" on the lobby of the original Hanlin Academy office are all. Tianjin Jixian "Dule Temple", Shanhaiguan "the world's first pass", Shandong Qufu "Holy House" and so on.
The second is inscriptions, such as the "Xunyuxi Gurudwara Liuzi Temple" in the Liu Zongyuan Memorial Hall in Yongzhou, Hunan, and the words "Manjiang Hong" next to Yue Fei's tomb in Hangzhou's West Lake.
The third is a hand-scrolled thousand-word text. Yan Song once wrote himself in Jiajing's thirty-five years of "Inscription After a Thousand Texts": "To raise the mountain in the past, to get the ancient law book, the mountain forest is eternal, there is nothing to do when it is full, and there is always the joy of linchi, although the wind and rain are cold and the heat is not quitting." Ouyang Gong said that the study book was quiet and happy, and it was believed. Having entered the political path, forgetting all the steps, even in the end of the old place to a thousand literary posts, the rate is broken and the remnants are not enough viewers, the children are slightly linked to the volume, because of the knowledge of the existence, Jiajing Bingchen July Looking at the Day. ”
Yan Song's poetry and calligraphy are considerable, the calligraphy situation is as mentioned above, and the poems have "The Collection of The Mountain Hall". Mingren He Liangjun said: "Yan Jie's old poem, beautiful Qing police." In modern times, few can stand out from the right, and the composition is also elegant and solemn, and Wu can be abolished by people. "It's probably Shilin's theory.
Wang Duo was slightly different. Although Wang Duo had a book title at that time, Kang Yongqian and even Jiaqing Xianfeng were actually not obvious, and they were not really pushed. It was not until Kang Youwei's "Guangyi Zhou Shuangyi" that Wang Duo's calligraphy was better than Dong Qichang's. Wu Changshuo also praised: "Wen'an Jian pen Pan Jiao Li, Youming calligraphy pushed first." Later, Mr. Meng Hai commented: "(Wang Duo) has eaten the Erwang Fa Ti all his life, his talent is high, his skills are deep, and as a result, he can actually get his true transmission, correct the mistakes of Zhao Mengfu and Dong Qichang, which lies in Ming Ji, which can be said to be the lord of zhongxing in the field of calligraphy"; Mr. Qi Gong commented: "Juesi pen power can carry the ding, and there has been no such king in five hundred years", and the status can be said to be getting higher and higher. Talking about artists, only with art, do not discuss the issue of their character, echoing the old saying: do not use people to talk nonsense.
Cai Jing, Qin Juniper, Yan Song, Wang Duo, and others, although the situation is not the same, they all bring out some theoretical problems in calligraphy.
Writing has always been regarded as an expression of the voice of the heart. Therefore, Yang Xiong's "Fa Yan Ask God" said: "Words cannot reach his heart, and books cannot reach his words. But the saints have the understanding of their words, the body of the book, the light of the day, the purification of the rivers, and the majesty of the Hao. The face and the words are appropriate, the desires of the center, and the one who understands the voices of everyone are like words. The things of the world are remembered for a long time, and the □□ of the ancient past, and the people who pass on the thousands of miles are like books. Therefore, the voice of the heart also; the book, the heart painting also. Sound and picture shape, gentleman and villain see. Sound painter, gentleman villain why is emotional? ”
Then there is Cai Yong's "Treatise on Pen", which says: "Bookworm, scatter also." If you want the book, you will first scatter it, let it go, and then you will book it. If forced by things, although Zhongshan Rabbit Hao, can not be good. Fu Shu, first sit silently and meditate, do whatever you want, do not speak, do not breathe, and are deep and radiant, if you are to the Supreme Being, you are all good. Not only does it say that writing is a lyrical activity, but it also emphasizes that writing itself requires internal cultivation and opens up countless methods for future generations.
For example, Yu Shinan's "Treatise on the Essence of the Pen and The Qi Miao" says: "When you want to write a book, when you listen to it, you are absolutely worried and focused, and your heart is righteous and harmonious. The mind is not right, the book is slanted, the ambition is not harmonious, and the book is upside down. It is to echo what Cai Yong said, emphasizing that the author's heart should be right and harmonious.
There are too many such remarks in later generations, and they are all over the place. For example, Song Zhu Changwen's "Continuing Book Break" said: "Ziyun takes the book as the heart to paint, and Yu Lu is trusted!" Qing Liu Xizai's "Outline of Art" said: "Yangzi takes the book as the heart painting, so the book is also the one who studies the heart." The heart is not as good as a person and wants to write a book, and it is also appropriate to be diligent and nothing" "Books, such as also, such as their learning, such as their talents, such as their aspirations, in short, just like their people" and so on.
This is the main vein of mainland calligraphy criticism, and the theory of creation and appreciation are all unfolded from this.
The general direction of the main vein is like this, of course, there will be some unconvincing remarks. Dragon liver and phoenix bile have been eating for a long time, and they will also want to taste the stinky tofu pickled screws, not to mention that the literati li said that they always hope to "only say what they say", so some objections are also normal.
However, this great principle cannot be opposed, and if it is opposed, it is not Chinese calligraphy.
Therefore, many seemingly opposing opinions are actually not true opposites, but are further theorized under this general context, or have other causes.
For example, the reason why Cai Jing was re-lifted out was because he felt that Cai Xiang's style was too old-fashioned, neutralizing Dun Hou, so he felt that Cai Jing's Cai Bian's madness was relatively fresh.
Wang Duo was lifted up by Kang Youwei Wu Changshuo and others to overpower Dong Qichang, which was the same logic. Similar to the situation in those years when some people raised Wang Xianzhi to suppress Wang Xizhi. The present is better than the ancient quality of the Xi, so it is rewarded by those who seek new and change.
But Wang Xianzhi did not have a problem with his character, Cai Jing, they had. Therefore, if we want to promote such a style of writing, we must first deal with the problem of their character and call on everyone not to use people to talk nonsense.
In other words, the emphasis is on promoting new styles, rather than denying the relationship between calligraphy and character.
Lifting up these controversial figures is also related to distance. After the generation, the political and moral controversies of the characters will generally be reduced, so it is better to leave those aside and discuss their art alone. Cai Jing at that time, who appreciated his words? When he went to Danzhou, he had money on him, but no matter how rich he was, he could not buy anything to eat, and the people did not sell it to him. Finally, he sighed: "Kyo lost the hearts of the people, why is this!" He died of starvation in Tanzhou (潭州, in modern Changsha, Hunan). At this time, you say, "Cai Jingzi is good, let's learn from him, don't talk nonsense by people", will the people beat you?
Therefore, after the Ming Dynasty, some people will recognize Cai Jing's character. Wang Duo's turnaround is related to the Japanese calligrapher Murakami Mishima. In Japan, ito Matsutao, who is famous for his special study of Wang Duo's calligraphy, has "Analysis of Wang Duo's Calligraphy", "Wang Duo's Calligraphy Yearbook", "Wang Duo's Dictionary" and so on. Wang Duo's calligraphy works have also become a sought-after commodity due to the large collection of Japanese people, and their prices have soared. At the end of the twentieth century, almost all of Wang Duo's works at domestic auctions were purchased by Japanese buyers in Japan. As a result, Japan also evolved into a faction called the "Ming and Qing Tones". He even raised Wang Duo to the first place, saying many outrageous things like "Hou Wang (Wang Duo) won over Former Wang (Wang Xizhi)".
This is the distance, the distance of time and space.
With the help of distance, rediscovering the beauty of these people's works seems to be a bit of a rebellion against the traditional characters' judgment; however, it actually consolidates the traditional arguments.
What to say? Ah, have you forgotten that "not to be nonsense by men" is exactly what Confucius said? The Analects of Wei Linggong says: "A gentleman does not raise up a man by his words, nor does he speak in a way that a man craps up." ”
Not using words to judge people and not using people to waste words clearly shows that people and words are two categories, each with its own independence, and there is no need to confuse them.
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