What does calligraphy have to show? Is it the chia tai atmosphere, or the noble character, the elegant sentiments, or the morality of the homeland? Wang Duo does not think so, he often borrows wild grass to send affection: go to his positive energy, Lao Tzu has emotions.
Wang Duo was the second king of calligraphy, and even a great calligrapher like Huai Su was treated with rejection. When people commented that his calligraphy came from Huai Su's vein, this was of course a compliment to his calligraphy, there was no derogatory meaning, but Wang Duo was very disgusted, which triggered negative emotions. He even vented this disgust on more than once on his cursive scrolls.
Wang Duo's "Nine Cursive Tang Poems" volume (Capital Museum Collection)
In the early days, Wang Duo's negative emotions did not fit much into his dissatisfaction with the government, mainly referring to his emotions about his calligraphy caused by the views of some people. In fact, he also had views on the politics of the dynasty, for example, he once pinpointed reality in front of the emperor, which almost caused a catastrophe.
Wang Duo served as the right attendant of the ceremonial department and a teaching librarian, and one day he taught confucius the chapter "Zhongyong And Only the Most Holy under heaven" to the nobles. Originally, wang Duo could explain the history of the scriptures for the emperor, and Wang Duo only needed to follow the rules, but he combined with reality, talked about current events, and even rebuked reality when talking about it, and the wording was sharp, so that it angered the Chongzhen Emperor, fortunately, he did not harshly rebuke him.
Later, after Wang Duoshiqing, the old did not do this again, although the Qing court was "reused" by "the former official rites department Shangshu Guan Hongwen Academy's bachelor affairs, vice president of Chongming History", but after all, the dynasty was changed, the former dynasty was the new lord of the old courtiers, his spiritual spine could not stand upright, did not dare to complain publicly, nor could he talk about the government, and his heart was greatly suppressed.
But is this emotionless? No.
We can read about these negative emotions about the government in the poems he left behind, especially in the manuscripts of some poems and letters, and transfer them more and more to his calligraphy, especially cursive.
At this time, we notice a phenomenon that many of his calligraphic works written in the form of cursive hand scrolls based on Du Fu's poems in his lifetime were produced during this period. Also, at this time, whenever he wrote Du Shi, he would be proud, and when he was proud, he would write without delay, as if the gods were powerful, and the ink on the paper was very flexible. So he wants to express nostalgia, of course, not to express political embrace, but to express his artistic feelings——— very interesting, every time such a lyrical ——— that is, at the end of the volume, he always takes Huai Su to open up, and the tone of the writing is with a more arrogant mood, what is opened is about the so-called positive pulse and wild path of calligraphy.
As we all know, the second king of Wang Duo's calligraphy sect, who has worshipped Xi Xian's father and son all his life, still teaches according to the daily class "one day pro-post, one day should be asked", and his pro-post is mainly the Fa-ti of Xi Xian's father and son in the "Chunhua Ge Ti", which is authentic and is regarded by Wang Duo as the ancient of the must-respect, otherwise it is a wild way. And his attitude towards the "wild way" is still rejected even by a great calligrapher like Huai Su. For example, after middle age, Wang Duo's calligraphy was very famous in the Ming Dynasty book circle at that time, and many people admired him, and some people commented that his calligraphy came from Huai Su's vein, which of course was a praise for his calligraphy, there was no pejorative meaning, but Wang Duo was very disgusted, which triggered emotions. He even vented this disgust and emotion more than once on his cursive du fu poems:
First, the shanghai museum collection, Wang Duo cursive Tang poetry volume. The poems were written in the third year of Shunzhi, on paper, 30.2 cm in length and 698.5 cm in width, ten poems of the Tang Dynasty, the calligraphy is arbitrary, the writing is extremely painful, the scale is so large, it is also rare in Wang Duo's handwritten calligraphy. At the end of the volume, there is an inscription: "Forty years of my calligraphy, there will be those who love my books deeply." Those who don't know are said to be Gao Xian, Zhang Xu, and Huai Suye Dao, and I am not convinced! defy! defy! This is the most famous inscription he uses Tosui Su and others to vent his calligraphic emotions.
Second, Wang Duo's cursive poems of Du Fu, now unknown where they are hidden, are included in the Complete Collection of Wang Duo's Calligraphy. It is also a paper book, written in the year of Shunzhi Chengshu, although the scale is not as large as the Shangbo Ben, but this volume was made in the "Beiqi" Langhua Pavilion and was written in the state of "slightly drunk with wine", which is also imposing. At the end of the volume, Wang Duo wrote: This volume is "the book is in the Northern Capital LanghuaGuan, using Zhang Zhi, Liu (Gongquan), Yu (Shinan) Grass Law to expand and become large, not Huai Su evil Za all the way, the viewer discerns it, do not ignore it." "Debate" and "don't neglect" mean to look carefully, to argue carefully, and not to be negligent.
Third, the Capital Museum also has a volume of Wang Duo's cursive Tang poetry, which is not signed for a year, and according to its style of writing, it should also be a work after Wang Duoshiqing. On paper, the volume is also very large, 34.5cm in length and 654cm in width, with a total of nine Tang poems, five of which are Du poems. Judging by its momentum, Wang Duo seemed to hold the pen of Heavenly Indulgence in his hand, swinging it at will, and writing very freely. When he was finished, he only used a few words as an inscription, and still opened up Huaisu: "If you have a guest who knows this Huaisu family law, don't allow it to be observed." Listening to this tone, not caring about the mood of the viewer or the Confucian "etiquette", it is actually an eviction order for people whose calligraphy is from Huai Su's way, and if so, he will not allow people to look at his calligraphy works again.
There is also a hand scroll in which Wang Duo also vented the same emotion, little is known, this hand scroll in the United States, is also cursive, paper, 29 .8cm in length, 418.5 cm in width, and six poems by Du Fu. This volume was written in the "March of Ding Hai", that is, in March of the fourth year of Shunzhi. Wang Duo must have been very proud of the writing of this volume, so he opened his mouth again and said things about Huaisu, and this time he said it more clearly: "I learn to dedicate, Boying (Zhang Zhi), and Chenghang (Liu Gongquan), I am afraid that people will mistakenly think that Huaisu is evil, and they will be rumored by him!" ”
These four hand scrolls were written one after another, reflecting Wang Duo's conceit and pride in his calligraphy. However, searching for Wang Qi's heirloom works, it seems that he has not seen him write Du shi so intensively before, nor has he seen such a small remark of Huaisu, which is worth pondering. Wang Duo admired Du Fu and compared himself to Du Fu, and in his poems he often complained about reality, revealing his true disposition. He was conceited about his poetry, and shi Qing's previous calligraphy was often written by his own poetry.
In his later years, the situation changed greatly, Shi Qing made him mentally depressed, and wrote more Du poems in calligraphy because writing Du poems not only to relieve his mood, but also to avoid suspicion, and to exude his talents, in the final analysis, it was because the political emotions were suppressed, and the artistic emotions could be publicized. So there was an unprecedented writing freedom, "good book and several lines" repeatedly appeared on his cursive Du poetry volume, this time buried in the bottom of the artistic emotions to erupt, and finally said the words of Xiao Huaisu, if five years and ten years earlier, and wrote his own poetry, I think he would not be so small Huaisu.
Therefore, we find a very interesting thing, calligraphy was used by the Ming and Qing emperors to control the people's thoughts and emotions, while Wang Duo used calligraphy to secretly vent his thoughts and emotions.