Cervical cancer is the most high-incidence of reproductive organ malignancy in mainland women, with an annual incidence of about 110,000!
With the advent of the domestic 2-valent HPV vaccine in the mainland, more and more women have begun to pay attention to cervical health, and many hospitals across the country have also launched cervical cancer-related screening programs, and many early cervical cancers have been found in screening.
According to the current clinical data, the earlier cervical cancer is detected, the better the prognosis.
Especially in the precancerous lesion stage, cervical cancer is found in the carcinoma in situ period, and the resection is carried out in time and with follow-up treatment, the survival rate of patients within five years can reach more than 70 to 90%.
On the contrary, if cervical cancer is not detected in time, or even diagnosed at the advanced and terminal stages, the prognosis of patients will be greatly reduced, and even the survival rate within five years is less than 20%.
So the question is, what tests do you need to do for the diagnosis of cervical cancer?
According to the current clinical data, cervical cancer has typical symptoms and signs, such as vaginal irregular bleeding, contact bleeding, abnormal secretions in the private parts, etc., often has reached the stage of infiltrative cancer, diagnosis is basically no difficult, and biopsy case examination can be diagnosed. Early cervical cancer often has no symptoms and no signs, so a three-step diagnosis is required:
1. Cervical cytology
The so-called cervical cytology, is the well-known "tct screening" for women, it is often bundled with HPV virus screening, cervical cytology is actually a picture examination of vaginal exfoliation cells, it is the best and main way to screen and find early cervical cancer.
This test is simple to operate, does not require a long appointment of the patient, and has a fairly high accuracy rate, even reaching about 95%, but it must be scraped in the cervical migration band area. The traditional TCT smear is generally stained with Pap, which is divided into five grades, the first level is normal, the second level is inflammation, the third grade is suspicious cancer, the fourth grade is highly suspicious cancer, and the fifth grade is cancerous;
2. Colposcopy
This is the second step of the examination, and colposcopy is required if the cervical cytology shows suspicion or positivity, but there is no obvious cancer visible to the naked eye. Colposcopy can enlarge the suspicious lesion by about 6 to 40 times, and directly observe the subtle morphological changes of the patient's cervical epithelial tissue and blood vessels under a strong light source.
At the same time as colposcopy, vinegar white experiment and iodine test can also be carried out, and the biopsy site can be determined according to what is seen in the examination, so as to improve the correct rate of biopsy;
3. Biopsy
Although colposcopy can detect lesions, cancer and staging cannot be directly diagnosed by lesions visible to the naked eye. Biopsy of the cervix and cervical canal is the most reliable, authoritative and least absent means of examination to confirm cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.
Usually, under the guidance of colposcopy, the doctor will perform a multi-point tissue biopsy of the suspicious lesion site and send it for pathological examination. This can identify the nature of the suspected lesion, the type of pathology, the staging, etc.
Written in the end: Although the HPV vaccine has been introduced in recent years, after all, it has only been listed on the mainland for a few years, and many women have not been vaccinated with the vaccine.
Therefore, we cannot ignore the screening of cervical cancer, especially high-risk women with a history of early marriage and early childbearing, multiple miscarriages, smoking and alcohol abuse, multiple birth histories, etc., and should be screened for cervical cancer regularly.