Pen and ink techniques are an indispensable weapon for learning Chinese painting. The pen is the tool of painting, ink is the material of painting, with pen and ink, the two are interdependent and complement each other. Therefore, there is a saying that "calligraphy and painting are of the same origin". The charm of calligraphy and painting is out of ink method, learning how to use ink in Chinese painting is the focus of this article, and its ink technique is introduced as follows, for your reference only.
Pen and ink are actually inseparable, when it comes to using a pen, it involves ink, especially the problem of dry and wet, dry pen is dry ink, wet pen is wet ink, thick and light is the same. The rendering brushes in the brushwork are all carried out in the process of ink painting with the pen: in turn, the ink methods such as dipping, breaking, accumulating, and splashing must also be completed by the pen. At the same time, ink and water are also inseparable, the dry, wet, thick and light ink are determined by the proportion of water, without water, there is no ink, so the ink method is also the water method. The role and effect of this moisture depends on the infiltration nature of rice paper specially used in Chinese painting.
Ink occupies an important position in Chinese painting, traditionally believed that "ink is color", that is, ink can express all complex colors, ink painting as an independent painting in painting, but also often ink as the main color of the commander paint, it can be said that it is difficult to highlight the characteristics of Chinese painting without ink. Predecessors have said that ink is divided into five colors. The so-called "five inks" are dry, black, thick, light and clear. Use these different ink colors to reflect the color scale and tone of the object, so as to express the yin and yang of the object, light and dark, convex and concave, far and near, as well as dry, slippery and other three-dimensional sense of space and quality.
In addition, there is also the "six colors" of ink, that is, black and white, thick and light, dry and wet. In fact, the so-called white" in it is not painted by ink, but refers to the white paper on the screen, due to the color feeling generated by the contrast of ink and color. Strictly speaking, the "black" in the "five inks" is only the most concentrated performance of the ink color, and should be classified into the range of thickness and lightness. Therefore, although the ink color is ever-changing, in general, it is only dry, wet, thick and light. The thickness and lightness are distinguished by the different proportions of ink mixing: dry and wet are determined by the amount of water content at the end of the pen. Regardless of the thickness of the ink, there are differences between dry and wet: whether it is dry or wet with the pen, there is a difference between thickness and lightness. It can be seen that the key to manipulating pen and ink is to use water, first of all, we must be good at adjusting ink with water, and at the same time, we must be good at controlling the moisture of the pen end, and the two cannot be wasted.
Painting ink, generally thick grinding light, before painting, first grind the ink very thick. In the process of painting, according to the performance of each part of the object, water needs to be added to the needs, and it is mixed into different shades of application.
The most concentrated ink in the stone, with very little water content, is called "scorched ink", also known as "dry ink". The ink color is dark and shiny, which is very prominent on the picture, and is often used to express certain parts of the object, such as the dotting of the feathers, the dead branches of flowers and trees, etc.
In the scorched ink, a small amount of water is added, and the ink color is thick and full, lush and solid, called "black ink". It is used to dot moss and outline the peduncle, leaf veins, bird feathers, branches, etc.
Burnt and black ink. Due to the heavy tone of the color, most of them are added to the top after the thick and light ink is painted, so that the picture image is awake, the layers are clear, and the spirit is refreshed. In the black ink continue to adjust the water, the intensity of the ink color gradually weakens, the gray tendency appears, in this range, called "thick ink". As the moisture increases, the ink color changes from black to dark gray, and then to light gray. These shades are collectively referred to as "light ink", or "bright ink".
Such as moisture greatly exceeds the specific gravity of the ink. Gray is already between the seemings and the likes, called "light ink", "micro ink" or "clear ink". These shades are relatively speaking, and the "five inks" in painting are not the number or boundaries of mechanical color scales, but are flexibly deployed according to the actual needs of the representation.
The rich and colorful thick and light ink is the basis of the ink method, and the thick ink is generally used to express the thick tone, the concave and the closest scenes, such as the key branches and leaves of flowers and trees, the back of the feathered head, and the cracks of the stone slope trees. Light ink is used to express soft tones, bright and convex and distant scenes, such as petals, lining leaves, feathered chest and abdomen, and the phototropic surface of stone slope trees.
Those light and clear micro-inks are mostly used in the background of the flowers and flowers, vaguely, if they are separated, in order to increase the level, open the realm, reflect the sense of space of the flowers and trees, and soothe the intriguing afterglow. Although these thick and light inks have their own characteristics and uses, in practical applications, they are also an organic part of the entire picture, and cannot be isolated and divided, nor can they be used excessively or too much.
If the picture is too thick with ink, it will be heavy and sluggish: too much light ink, and it will be thin and weak. They are interconnected, mutually restrictive, mutually hairy, and contrasted with each other, just like the ever-changing notes in music, high and low, long and short, strong and weak, intermittent and different notes, unified - like the main melody, converging into a symphony of "water halo ink chapter", creating an artistic effect of lingering sounds around the beam.
If you want to learn Chinese painting well, the use of ink techniques is the key, only accurate modeling and wonderful ink colors can you play in art.